The history of the creation of scissors. Their types, features, application

It is difficult to find a tool more in demand in the work of a seamstress than scissors. And the most common mistake of novice masters is also related to them. The fact is that instead of special scissors for sewing, beginners use stationery scissors. But having picked up special tailoring scissors, the master will never repeat such a mistake. Special steel, coating, sharpening and shape distinguish tailor's scissors from ordinary ones and make their use as comfortable as possible when working with fabric.

Sewing scissors are usually divided into three large groups:

• cutting scissors, tailors;
• special scissors;
• scissors for embroidery, appliqués and other types of needlework.

Let's take a closer look at each type.

General classification

Modern tools for cutting steel, iron, and other metals cope with material of any thickness. This is due to the variety of shapes and types of products, divided into several groups according to characteristics, including:

• cutting principle;
• principle of operation.

According to the cutting principle, metal scissors are:

• knife;
• die-cutting (notching).

Based on the principle of operation, they are distinguished:

• manual (mechanical);
• electric scissors.

Cutlery is a “classic of the genre.” They have two single-edged knives and cut metal only from the edge of the sheet. Nibblers work on the principle of hollowing out material and are more often used for profiled or corrugated sheets. With their help, metal is cut from the middle of the workpiece.

Knifes are divided into several groups:

• in the cutting direction (left/right);
• according to the shape of the cut (straight/curved).

Products with a right-hand cut have a marking line to the right of the cutting edge; scissors with a left-handed cut are the opposite. Cutting metal with scissors is carried out according to the applied markings, with the upper blade located above it. Straight metal scissors cut the workpiece strictly in a straight line, while curly ones allow you to maneuver and obtain products of unusual shapes.

Metal nibblers

Now let's take a closer look at hand scissors for cutting metal. They are more common than others, and the classification is supplemented by several subspecies.

Ancient Greek legend

In ancient times, there lived a shepherd in ancient Greece. He wandered through pastures full of various amazing creatures. And one day I saw a beautiful reflection from the high green mountains. His curiosity led him higher and higher, past lakes with nymphs splashing in them, past grazing unicorns.

Finally, he wandered onto a high mountain full of sheep with golden wool. They were unusual. In order to be believed, the shepherd cut a bag of wool from the animals with two folded knives.

When he returned and showed the find, people did not immediately believe in such a miracle. They asked what the Golden Fleece was cut with. The shepherd showed his device and after that became known in his village as a respected and rich man.

Types of hand scissors for metal

The task of the tools in question is to cut workpieces using human physical strength. The group includes:

• ordinary;
• lever;
• roofing (chair);
• hydraulic;
• disk (roller);
• sheet metal scissors.

VIEW Sheet metal cutting shears on AliExpress →

Chair scissors

Lever metal shears

In conventional models, the cutting edge and handle are made of the same material by forging. The efficiency of the tool is affected by the applied force, the length of the cutting edge, and the length of the handle. Conventional hand metal shears are divided into:

• pass-through (straight cut);
• curly (curvilinear);
• ideal (universal; cuts both straight and curved).

Lever metal shears differ from the above mentioned ones in that they have a hinged connection between the cutting edge and the handle. This creates an additional lever that facilitates the work of the master. The required force to cut the workpiece is less, and the quality of work does not suffer. They have one drawback - they don’t work without being attached to a workbench.

For materials of medium thickness (2-4 mm), roofing devices are used. The design allows them to be attached to a mechanic’s workbench so that the master spends less physical effort. The name indicates the compatibility of the tool for cutting profiled sheets (used for roofing) and similar products of complex shape.

It is important to know that among manual devices there are no die-cut ones. The remaining types of scissors have a complex design and therefore require separate consideration.

Acceptance

5.1 Scissors are accepted in batches. The batch must consist of scissors of the same size, the same finish and must be issued with one quality document containing:

— name or trademark of the manufacturer:

- product name;

— number of products;

— designation of this standard;

— stamp of the technical control department;

— packer number and packing date;

— mark of conformity according to GOST R 50460 for product certification.

5.2 100% of the scissors in the batch are subjected to an appearance check.

5.3 The size, hardness, strength of connection of knives with plastic handles, the quality of sharpening of knives, and functional properties are checked on 3% of scissors from the batch, but not less than ten pieces.

0.1% of scissors from the batch are tested for surface roughness and coating quality. but not less than three pieces.

5.4 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the scissors for compliance with the requirements of this standard. For control testing, 0.01% of scissors are selected from the batch, but not less than three pieces.

5.5 If the test results are unsatisfactory for at least one of the indicators, a double check of the number of scissors taken from the same batch is carried out.

If the results of the re-inspection are unsatisfactory, the entire batch is rejected.

Features of hydraulic products

The products are designed for cutting metal structures (rods, profiled iron, scrap, fittings) using an evenly distributed force along the length of the blade. Conventionally divided into two groups:

• small-sized;
• large-sized.

Hydraulic shears are actively used by rescue services

The first ones are also called manual. For example, the following are manual hydraulic shears NGR-20 “KVT”. Their purpose is to cut armored cables, fittings, and steel ropes. The main characteristics include:

• permissible thickness of the cut product is 20 mm;
• high-strength cutting blade (60-62 on the Rockwell scale);
• maximum force - 5 t;
• length - 36 cm, weight - 3.2 kg;
• the presence of a rotating guillotine type head;
• addition of a pressure release lever to the design;
• cost about 20 thousand rubles.

VIEW Hydraulic Shears on AliExpress → Large tools are bolted onto the base machine. Intended for:

• scrap metal cutting;
• recycling of cars, buses, trucks;
• dismantling of metal structures;
• cutting and recycling of rolling stock;
• cutting of boats, ships, boats.

Impressive hydraulic shears for cutting metal are available in several series. For example, AD class models dismantle steel structures, MP-T is suitable for longitudinal cutting of metal (sheet), DS for reinforced concrete, and so on.

Rating

8th place

Kapous TE-SCISSORS

occupy 8th place. Kapus scissors, despite their low price, are of sufficient quality and meet the standards for use by hairdressers. Price 3000 rubles. They have an adjustable screw group (the key is included), are made of hardened steel, wear-resistant, and can be sharpened. Size 5.5 inches. The ergonomic shape allows the master not to get tired for long hours.

7th place

Scissors Merz 344/5

in 7th place. The marking indicates the length of the scissors - five inches, there are options from 4 to 7 inches, this practically does not affect the price. Price - 1000 rubles. These are simple and high-quality scissors made of good medical steel with a polished finish. It has removable rings for convenient operation for several hours. Possibility of a perfect sliding cut. Has an adjustable screw.

6th place

In 6th place are straight scissors DEWAL 244/6.

The cost of the tool is 2900 rubles. For this price you get a quality tool with standard sharpening. The stop is removable, there are length options - 5 and 6 inches. The screw is simple. Good, reliable scissors for beginners.

5th place

In 5th place are the amazing KEDAKE 17555-92 DRT/Cobalt

from the Japanese brand KEDAKE. Made from CBA cobalt alloy, which allows you to sharpen blades that will cut hair in the wind. The design and quality are top notch at a low price of 6,000 rubles. Size range from 5.5 inches.

4th place

In 4th place is Suntachi ZS-70L

. These are class 4 straight scissors made of a unique metal alloy that has the properties necessary for professional hairdressing scissors. This is hardened high-strength steel with the addition of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and cobalt. Price 4500 rubles.

3rd place

Supreme TAYO DV36255F

occupy 3rd place in the ranking. These are straight scissors from 5.5 inches, with a convection sharpening with an angle of 37 degrees and 38 teeth. The stop is non-removable, the screws are simple. The most comfortable ergonomic scissors with a memorable design: turquoise rings and rhinestones will appeal to sophisticated clients. The steel used is alloyed, processed by pressing and firing, grade SUS440C. Excellent scissors for any haircut at a good price (7,000 rubles).

2nd place

HINSHITSU scissors

. The series is represented by both straight and thinning models. This is the highest quality steel, handmade and unique design. Each scissors are equipped with micro-bearings, which allow you to not think about adjusting the pressure for many years; it will remain smooth. Price 18,000 rubles.

1 place

The leader of our rating is magnificent handmade designer scissors from the world famous Japanese brand Mizutani ACRO Z

. These are scissors made by men for men, both the shape of the blade and the angular curves of this unique product hint at this. The metal is anti-corrosion, heavy-duty, made using technology used in Japanese swords. The sharpening is 30 degrees, and due to the composition of the metal it lasts for a very long time. This angle allows you to cut hair without deformation, perfectly straight. A complex screw system with a large bearing regulates the tension of the blades (a branded key comes with the scissors as a gift). The only drawback of this work of art is the price of 45,000 rubles.

Disc tool features

Disc shears, also known as roller shears, are a more advanced design. The working bodies are roller knives, which, when rotated in different directions, are pressed into the workpiece and cut it. Mutual friction between the metal and the disks causes the sheet to move along the tool.

Roller metal shears

Typically, disc shears have two rollers - top and bottom. Their relative arrangement is of three types:

• parallel;
• with one inclined roller;
• with both inclined rollers.

Manual circular shears with a parallel position of the working parts are used for cutting metal into strips. The second group is used when working with ring or round workpieces. The third is for them, but with a small radius.

The distinctive properties of the tool are its speed of operation and the absence of the need for additional processing of the cut edge. In addition, roller shears for cutting sheet metal cost in an acceptable range from 20 to 40 thousand rubles, thanks to which they have become very popular among consumers.

Recommendations

1. "Scissors: Roman period". Metropolitan Museum of Art
   . n.d. Received 2018-07-18.
2. Inventors and inventions of Zoom. Enchanted learning. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
3. Sudworth, John (2013-04-22). "The scissor maker who cut through Chinese history." BBC News
   .
4. "Story". William Whiteley and Sons
   . Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2015-01-20.
5. Leader, Robert Eadon (1901). [Memoirs] of Sheffield in the Eighteenth Century
   . Sheffield: Sheffield Independent Press Limited. pp. 69–70.
6. "Paper Mario: The Origami King Wiki Guide: Bowser's Castle." IGN
   . 2020-08-20.
7. Radford, Edwin; Radford, Mona A. (October 2004). Encyclopedia of Superstitions 1949 - Edwin Radford, Mona A. Radford - Google Boeken
   . ISBN 9781417976553. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
8. DJPianz (05/04/2011). "Superstitions of the World: Pakistan - Scissors." Worldsuperstitions.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
9. Fairies and Elves Shannon Knudsen p.27
10. "NEW ORLEANS WARNINGS (1886) by Lafcadio Hearn." Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
11. Aquatic community. "Scissorweed - Rasbora trilineata." Aquaticcommunity.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
12. "Scissor Tail Rasbora - Rasbora trilineata." fishlore.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28.

Features of Sheet Shears

The operating principle is reminiscent of conventional household analogues.
A static knife is mounted on a rigid support, and a movable knife is mounted on a perpendicular plane. The support zone is adjustable, allowing the user to select the desired gap between both blades to suit the thickness of the workpiece. Sheet metal shears cut the workpiece only from the edge; from the middle the design will not allow. Shaped cutting is also difficult to achieve.

The demand for products is due to the correct ratio of the thickness of the sheet being cut and the cost. For example, sheet metal shears Makita BJS160Z cost about 10 thousand rubles, and have the following characteristics:

• maximum cutting thickness for steel - 1.6 mm, aluminum - 2.5 mm;
• minimum cutting diameter - 0.5 m;
• battery power;
• stroke frequency - 4300/min.

This tool is sufficient for standard home and garage work.

Domestic manufacturers offer products with similar parameters and lower prices. For example, sheet metal shears Caliber-Master ENN-500 with a maximum cutting thickness of 2.5 mm will cost the consumer 4 thousand rubles. However, user reviews indicate that foreign manufacturers (Makita, Bosch, Metabo and others) supply more reliable equipment to the market.

VIEW Makita Sheet Shears on AliExpress →

Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 9.014-78 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products. General requirements

GOST 9.302-88 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Control methods

GOST 9.303-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements for the selection of GOST 166-89 Vernier calipers. Specifications

GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Technical specifications GOST 515-77 Bituminous and tar packaging paper. Technical specifications GOST 977-88 Steel castings. General technical conditions

GOST 1050-88 Long rolled products, calibrated with special surface finishing from high-quality carbon structural steel. General technical conditions

GOST 1435-90 Rods, strips and coils of non-alloy tool steel. General technical conditions

GOST 2789-73 Surface roughness. Parameters and characteristics of GOST 2991-85 Non-collapsible plank boxes for cargo weighing up to 500 kg. General technical conditions

GOST 5632-72 High-alloy steels and corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant alloys. Stamps

GOST 5582-75 Corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant thin-sheet rolled products. Specifications

GOST 5950-73 Rods and strips from tool alloyed stat. Specifications

GOST 5971-78 Enamels for devices. Specifications

GOST 6467-79 Rubber cords of round and rectangular sections. Technical specifications GOST 7338-90 Rubber and rubber-fabric plates. Technical specifications GOST 7933-89 Cardboard for consumer packaging. General technical conditions GOST 8074-82 Instrumental microscopes. Types, main parameters and sizes. Technical requirements

GOST 8273-75 Wrapping paper. Specifications

GOST 8K28-89 Base paper and two-layer waterproof packaging paper. Specifications

GOST 9012-59 Metals. Brinell hardness measurement method GOST 9236-74 Nitro artificial leather-7. Technical specifications GOST 9439-85 Polyvinyl butyral. Specifications

GOST 9998 -86 Plasticized polyvinyl chloride films for household use. General technical conditions

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 14959-79 Rolled products from spring carbon and alloy steel. Specifications

GOST 15846-79 Products sent to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 16337-77 High pressure polyethylene. Technical specifications GOST 19300-86 Means for measuring surface roughness using the profile method. Contact profilographs-profilometers. Types and basic parameters.

GOST 26996-86 Polypropylene and propylene copolymers. Technical specifications GOST 28250-89 Impact-resistant polystyrene. Specifications

Independent production of products

Since cutting metal with hand shears is so easy, some craftsmen don't see the point in buying expensive equipment. This is especially true for roller models - expensive and attractive. However, it is not difficult to make homemade metal scissors if the material of the knives is a durable alloy, the strength of which is higher than that of the material being cut.

It is common to use bearings as rollers. Their ends are pre-sharpened. The drive roller is fixed to the handle, with pressure on which the tool is pressed into the workpiece. Next, the user only pulls the sheet of metal towards himself, keeping the handle pressed to the base.

No matter how easy it may seem to make metal scissors with your own hands, it is not recommended. Equipment from well-known brands will ensure safe operation when cutting workpieces and will last longer. In addition, there are models on the shelves that do not require additional units for operation (homemade lever scissors for metal, for example, work only in conjunction with a machine).

Culture

Because of their widespread use across cultures and classes, scissors have a strong presence in world culture.

art

Numerous art forms around the world use scissors as a tool/material to achieve art. For instances where scissors appear or are represented by the final artistic product, see Commons: Category: Scissors in art

.

Movie

• Dead Again
  is a 1991 film starring Kenneth Branagh and Emma Thompson in a thriller revolving around repressed memories of scissors.
• Edward Scissorhands
  is a 1990 film starring Johnny Depp as a young man whose hands are made from several pairs of scissors.
• Running with Scissors
  is a 2006 film based on the memoir of the same name.
• Us
  is a 2022 psychological horror film directed by Jordan Peele about a family faced with scissor doppelgängers.

Games

• The game Rock Paper Scissors involves two or more players creating shapes with their hands to determine the outcome of the game. One of the three shapes, "scissors", is made by extending the index and middle fingers to mimic the shape of most scissors.

• In the horror video game franchise Clock Tower
  , there is a character named Scissors. Although the identity is usually shared by multiple people throughout the series, Scissorman is usually portrayed as a demonic serial killer with a giant pair of scissors who kills anyone without showing any signs of mercy or remorse.

• An anthropomorphic scissors looks like a boss in Paper Mario: The Origami King
  . Various additions to scissor activities are also appearing, such as the Rock-Paper-Scissors variety.[6]

Literature

Augustin Burroughs' 2002 memoir Running with Scissors

spent eight weeks on
the New York Times
bestseller list. The book was later adapted into a film.

Music

• Running with Scissors
  is the title of the 1999 album by "Weird Al" Yankovic.
• The song "Enbizaka Tailor's Shop (円尾坂の仕立屋Enbizaka no Shitateya
  )" from Vocaloid Produced by Akuno-P tells the story of a tailor who kills a man and his family whom she mistakes for her unfaithful lover and his three mistresses, using your sewing scissors.
• In XTC, the song "Scissor Man", later performed by Primus.
• “Save your scissors” - song City and Color.
• The song “Scissors” by the American rock band “Slipknot”

Sport

The term "scissor kick" can be found in several sports, including:

• Scissor kick (punch), a general martial arts term for any of a number of movements that may resemble the appearance or action of scissors.
• Bicycle kicks in soccer are sometimes called "scissor kicks."
• Swimming Kicks, Including Side Kick Include a kicking motion often known as a scissor kick.

Superstition

Scissors are widely used in cultural superstitions. In many cases, the details of a superstition may be specific to a given country, region, tribe, religion, or even situation.

• Africa In parts of North Africa, it was believed that scissors could be used to curse the groom. As the groom rode on horseback, the man casting the curse stood behind him with open scissors and called his name. If the groom responded to his name being called, the scissors snapped shut and the groom could not consummate his marriage with his bride.[7]

The science

Scissors have been used in science for a variety of purposes, including describing animals or natural features.

Nature

Animals named after scissors include:

• Birds The scissor-tailed flycatcher of North and Central America.
• The hummingbird with scissors
• The scissor snake is a bird widespread throughout Africa.
• The scissor-tailed nightjar is from South America.

Tips for choosing

Before purchasing, the consumer studies the characteristics of the tool:

• power;
• battery capacity (when selecting class models);
• ergonomics;
• maximum metal thickness;
• maneuverability;
• protective functions;
• execution of the starting unit;
• functionality of cutting parts.

The user must remember the safety precautions and check the serviceability of all components of the unit before starting work. When using electric shears, give them breaks to allow the motor to cool down.

The above classification of products for cutting metal blanks will help novice craftsmen navigate the variety of existing models.

What you need to know about scissors

No matter how safe scissors may seem, no matter what protection system is used in their manufacture, do not forget that the main purpose of this tool is cutting.

Any device is equipped with cutting elements, which can easily cause injury and even serious injury.

Therefore, when using scissors, regardless of their type, do not forget to take precautions, use personal protective equipment, and perform the work carefully and thoughtfully.

Alternative theories

Some scholars claim that the ancient Egyptians mastered scissors as early as the 16th century BC. e. Archaeological finds support this theory, but the design of the Egyptian artifact is completely different from that in Rome. The scissors are forged from a single piece of metal, without connecting plates. In China and Eastern Europe, archaeologists have also found ancient scissors dating from around the same period. It is difficult to say for sure who exactly was the inventor, but one thing is clear: residents of different countries at the same time sought to improve their lives and created this extremely useful device.