09G2S Brinell hardness – Sheet 09G2S, circle st. 09G2S, hexagon steel 09G2S, low-alloy forging 09G2S

Specific and volumetric gravity of steel. Table of weights of 1 m2 of steel of various grades.

Steel is a deformable alloy of a small amount of carbon (up to 2%) with iron and other elements. This is one of the most common materials used in almost all industries. They are classified according to steel grades, which differ in structure, various mechanical and various physical properties, as well as chemical composition.

Below is a table of the weight of 1 m2 of steel, the most common grades in g/cm3: Weight of popular types of steel: alloy, carbon, die, spring and others

Since there are a huge number of steel grades (about 1500), we presented only the specific gravity of steel of the most common grades. More detailed information about the weight of 1 m2 of steel can be found in other articles on our website.

Based on the characteristics of steel, the following can be distinguished: density, linear expansion coefficient, elasticity and shear moduli. Based on their chemical composition, they are divided into alloyed and carbon. In the latter, along with carbon and the addition of iron, manganese (0.1 - 1.0%) and silicon (up to 0.4%) are also added. To add special properties, harmful impurities are added to steel: phosphorus - imparts brittleness at low temperatures, and when heated to certain temperatures, reduces ductility; sulfur – forms small cracks (red brittleness) at high temperatures.

The specific gravity of steel is calculated using the following formula: y=P/V, where P is the weight of a homogeneous body, V is the volume of the connection. The resulting parameter is constant and works only when the steel has an absolutely dense state and a non-porous structure.

According to the reference book of physical properties and materials, it has been established that the weight of 1 m2 of steel is identical to the density of steel, which is equal to 7.85 g/cm3. This parameter changes like this:

HARDNESS OF STEEL GOST 4543-71 according to BRINNEY (HB)

reference Information

HARDNESS OF STEEL GOST 4543-71 according to BRINNEY (HB)

The Brinell hardness (HB) of annealed or high-tempered rolled products with a diameter or thickness of over 5 mm must comply with the standards specified in the table:

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09G2S - scope

Products made from steel 09G2S are used for the production of structures for various purposes. This is facilitated by high strength, which allows the use of thinner structural components. That is, where the thickness of the material from ordinary steel is 5 mm, then from low-alloy steel it will be 1.5 - 2 times less, and we must remember that the cost of these different steels is approximately the same.

The characteristics inherent in the 09G2S alloy make it possible to use it in the manufacture of parts and assemblies that will operate in the temperature range from -70 to +450 degrees Celsius. Weldability, which is significantly higher in comparison with other steels, makes it possible to create complex engineering structures used in shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, and railway transport. After certain types of heat treatment, this steel is used for the production of pipeline fittings. By the way, the ability of this steel to operate at temperatures of -70 degrees made it possible to use pipes made from this material for transporting hydrocarbons in the north of our country.

This steel, with its high weldability and excellent mechanical parameters, is ideal for the production of shaped products, such as beams or channels. In addition, this steel is used to produce components for the machine tool industry, transport, construction and chemical industries.

In construction, a square pipe made of 09G2S steel is widely used. Various fences are made from it, including decorative ones, advertising structures and small architectural forms are erected. This material also plays an important role in the production of boiler equipment, most of which is made from it.

It should be noted that the use of structures made of 09G2S steel allows the functioning of municipal facilities, transport systems, and industrial complexes located in regions with a harsh northern climate. For example, products such as flanges are in wide demand. Experience shows that 09G2S steel is the optimal material for their production. The fact is that they can be used both indoors and when working at various temperatures, including low ones.

The wide applicability of 09G2S steel and its analogues is explained not only by its exceptional technological properties, but, from the point of view of cost reduction, for the production of specific products. In fact, structures welded from this material are easier to process, have less weight and have good strength and wear resistance parameters.

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Steel 09g2s: characteristics and application

The main areas of use of this brand: sheet and shaped products. For hot-rolled strip, GOST 103-2006 standards are used, but steel circles are in accordance with GOST 2590-2006.

As already noted, steel 09g2s and analogues are easy to weld. The characteristics already listed allow the use of this material for products that require high wear resistance: beams, channels, corners.

Brand 09g2s, its technical characteristics, are necessary in the creation of vehicles, construction, oil and chemical industries. A wide temperature range allows the material to be used where severe deformations occur over a long service life. At the same time, the limiting temperature of -70 degrees facilitates the use of products made from St. 09g2s in harsh climatic conditions.

Steel 09g2s is used in the construction of RVS for storing petroleum products in the North

Steel 09g2s-15 also fits this description well. It is used for all of the above points. It only remains to add that in addition to welding, installation can be carried out using bolted connecting elements. The metal's resistance to chemical influences makes it interesting in the relevant industry. At the same time, high mechanical qualities are used for the construction of bridges, roads, port stations, etc.

The 09g2s-12 brand is also popular among builders. It also has stable plastic properties. It is distinguished by a special chemical composition, which includes arsenic. Used for the manufacture of pipeline fittings. Cannot be used in the food industry.

In the north of Russia, many kilometers of pipelines were built using just this brand. There, more than anywhere else, frost resistance and easy weldability of products are useful. This allows you to create complex, at the same time socially significant objects (metal structures) from 09g2s and analogues.

Read also: Motoblocks brands and characteristics

At the same time, for cities with a temperate or continental climate, steel 09g2s according to GOST standards of various numbers is suitable for beautifying streets. Square pipe is extremely popular as fencing, posts for billboards, installation of mobile trading platforms, and much more. For the same purposes, the rectangular configuration of products is used.

Steel 09g2s, the characteristics of which have already been discussed in some detail in this presentation, is of interest to welders, regardless of the method of performing work. Flanges made of this material are especially popular. Features of the work are described in GOST 19281-73. The craftsmen are quite welcoming to the news about the need to work with this brand.

The boiler tank itself is made of steel 09g2s

Steel 09g2s with different strength classes can be used for the production of steam boilers, as well as equipment used in the agricultural complex. Details about the requirements for steel 09g2s in GOST-5520 79.

An additional reason for using alloys of this brand is high efficiency, achieved not only due to low cost of production. The ease and speed of construction of buildings, structures, installation of equipment also allows you to optimize the costs of enterprises in various industries.

Tensile strength

Solids are capable of withstanding limited loads; exceeding the limit leads to destruction of the metal structure, the formation of noticeable chips or microcracks. The occurrence of defects is associated with a decrease in performance properties or complete destruction. The strength of alloys and finished products is checked on test benches. The standards provide for a number of tests:

• Prolonged use of deforming force;
• Short-term and long-term shock impacts;
• Tension and compression;
• Hydraulic pressure, etc.

In complex mechanisms and systems, the failure of one element automatically causes increased loads on others. As a rule, destruction begins in those areas where stress is maximum. The safety margin serves as a guarantee of equipment safety in emergency situations and extends its service life.

Source of the article: https://e-metall.ru/blog/uprugost-stali/

What does the transcript look like?

Knowing the labeling makes it possible to directly understand what exactly is offered by the manufacturer and what features the product has. From a technical point of view, the marking 09g2s means the following:

1. 09 - exact proportion of carbon in the total alloy;
2. G2 - presence of manganese and its fluctuation in the total volume - 2%;
3. C—presence of silicon, the proportion of which does not exceed 1%.

However, one should not think that the composition of steel includes only those elements that are indicated in the marking.

In addition to manganese and silicon, the overall composition is supplemented by sulfur, nitrogen, nickel, copper and phosphorus. However, the share of additional components rarely exceeds 1%, so they are not mentioned in the labeling.

Also, decoding concerns not only doping, but also other criteria. For example, the following should be included here:

• Structure and changes after the hardening process;
• Main purpose;
• Manufacturing method;
• Chem. composition of the material.

As a result, there are analogues for these indicators on the domestic market. You can often hear that 09g2s is steel 345. However, the second indicator is intended for builders and does not mean the chemical composition, but the fluidity indicator, which corresponds to the steel standard.

Properties

Welding of steel elements is carried out by any method without preliminary surface preparation. As a result, the efficiency of using welded structures made on the basis of 09G2S structural steel is ensured.

The reason for this is the low amount of carbon in the composition. Based on many years of design experience, experts concluded that an increase in the content of this component leads to a deterioration in the quality of the weld and the formation of defects - porous structure, lack of penetration, hardened areas. After tempering, the alloy does not become brittle, and the structure remains resistant to excessive heating and the appearance of cracks in the heat-affected zone.

Steel is made using:

• open-hearth;
• electrothermal;
• converter method.

The raw material for metal production is cast iron. The properties of the alloy are improved in accordance with technology - the amount of carbon is increased and alloying additives are introduced.

Application

Steel 09g2s is actively used in the shipbuilding, transport, oil and chemical industries. On its basis, welded joints of complex configurations are made and fasteners are manufactured. Examples of using:

• Laying of main pipelines
• Construction of residential and industrial facilities
• Production of household and household appliances

Other examples of the use of such steel include the manufacture of technical equipment, boilers and ships, etc. It is worth noting that the wide temperature range of this steel allows it to be used where other materials have a risk of deformation over a long service life, in particular, for the production of boilers that are constantly used at high temperatures.

The feasibility of purchasing this or that steel directly depends on its qualities. With them, as you have already seen with the help of this article, everything is in order, so it is better to buy 09g2s metal than to buy its cheap substitutes.

You can purchase steel of this grade wholesale and retail. The final cost in any case will depend on the volume of the purchased batch. Therefore, it is always better to check with the supplier’s managers for more detailed consultations on price issues.

2007 - 2022 "Intechmet" Manufacturing of metal products and metal structures to order. Cutting and chopping of metal. Rolled metal wholesale and retail.

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Determination of steel sensitivity to cold cracking

Cold cracks form after welding due to tensile residual stresses. Their strength depends on the rigidity of the resulting structure and the thickness of the seam. Its value can be determined by the stiffness intensity coefficient - K. It characterizes the applied force, which opens the gap by 1 mm, which is also 1 mm wide in the welded joint. It is calculated like this:

where Kq is a constant, which is considered to be equal to 69, S is the thickness of the steel sheet (in mm)

It is important to note that the ratio is only valid if the sheet thickness does not exceed 150 mm

How steel can be susceptible to cold cracking can be determined by the parametric equation:

where Рш is the “embrittlement” coefficient (this is the name for the process when a metal goes from a viscous state to a brittle one), H is the amount of diffusion hydrogen, K is the hardness intensity coefficient.

The value of Psh is found by solving the Bes-Sio equation:

The results of repeated studies helped to establish the threshold value at which the sensitivity of steel to the formation of cold cracks manifests itself. This happens if the Pw value exceeds 0.286.

Steel 09g2s - characteristics, application and properties of steel 09g2s

Steel 09g2s is a very popular steel, used both in construction and in many industries. There are domestic and foreign analogues of this type. It is most often used for the manufacture of pipes, rolled metal and welded metal structures, the temperature range of which is from -70 to 4250C9 with permissible loads on them).

Steel 09g2s 12: decoding

Understanding how labeling is formed allows you to clearly understand what product the manufacturer represents, as well as its main features. For those who are interested in details about 09g2s, the breakdown of steel is as follows:

• 09 – quantitative fraction of carbon content in the alloy (0.09%);
• G2 is manganese and its part in the entire volume fluctuates around 2% (the exact figure ranges from 1.3 to 2%);
• C - denotes silicon, the absence of numbers after the symbol indicates that it is less than 1%.

Thus, the decoding of 09g2s clearly looks like this:

As can be seen from the table, the interpretation of steel 09g2s is not limited to only three alloying components. In addition to carbon, silicon and manganese, it is supplemented by the following elements: nickel, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, nitrogen, copper, etc. The percentage component of alloying metals is no more than 1-2 total%.

Marking 09g2s on a steel sheet

Also, for steel 09g2s, not only the alloying level is taken into account, but also other factors. Here are just a few of them that are significant for a particular case:

• constructiveness (purpose);
• eutectoid (structure: hexagonal, cubic, etc.; changes after hardening, etc.);
• production method (open hearth, conventional or electric steel);
• chem. steel composition 09g2s (in this case low-alloy).

As a result, analogues appear in relation to which questions like the following are often asked: is 345 steel 09g2s? The designation C345 was introduced for builders, where the numbers do not indicate the chemical composition of the material, but its important property - the yield strength; for steel 09g2s it corresponds to the construction standards C345, which is reflected in a number of GOSTs (27772-88). Below we consider several classic options, including when one grade of steel corresponds to several strength classes

Below, several classic options are considered, including when one grade of steel corresponds to several strength classes.

Technical characteristics: subtleties of using reference manuals

The properties of 09g2s steel are largely determined by the chemical composition of the alloy, its specific parameters, which today are quite accurately calculated by metallurgists.

Steel grade 09g2s has the following critical points:

• Ac1 = 732, when austenite transforms into pearlite during cooling processes;
• Ac3(Acm) = 870 (s – from French chauffage/heating) the end point of cementite dissolution;
• Ar3(Arcm) = 854 (refroidissement – ​​cooling) the beginning of the release of Fe3C;
• Ar1 = 680 hypoeutectoid steel, corresponds to ferrite precipitation

The symbols are classic, numbers 1 and 3 indicate the numbers of points on the graph. The symbols cm usually mark hypereutectoid steels.

If we talk about other features of St 09g2s, the following characteristics are noted: easy weldability of the material. For this purpose, RDS, ADS under flux and gas protection are used. Only products that have undergone chemical-thermal treatment cannot be welded.

The mechanical properties of steel 09g2s are tabular values ​​that were developed by a number of GOST standards and describe the material at room temperature, as well as for its other states.

Among the important mechanical properties of 09g2s steel are the following:

• Yield strength for permanent deformation, measured in MPa;
• Relative values ​​of elongation at break and contraction;
• Impact strength (use under load is one of the main applications);
• Brinell hardness (HB).

Strength class of steel 09g2s: the table for the list of grades includes the one indicated, which, as already noted, corresponds to C345. This also includes a number of other brands. Thus, steels that are different in chemical composition and even in the method of producing steel can have the same strength class. This data can be found for 09g2s according to GOST 19281-2014; the characteristics of the alloys are presented in convenient tables that are easy to navigate. You can view (download) GOST 19281-2014 here.

Comparison table for hardness according to Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Shore.

d10 – Brinell indentation diameter with a ball diameter of 10 mm and a test load of 2943 N

Brand of steels and alloys. 2nd ed., corrected. and additional / Zubchenko A.S., Koloskov M.M., Kashirsky Yu.V. and others. Ed. A.S. Zubchenko. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2003. 784 p.

Source

Analogs and substitutes for steel 09G2S

When developing metal structures, a design engineer can replace 09G2S with the following domestically produced steels 09G2, 09G2DT, 09G2T, 10G2S. In addition, imported analogues are widely used in the domestic industry, such as: A 516-55 (ANSI - USA), SM41B (JIS - Japan).

Rolled metal grade

Substitute

09G2S

09G2, 09G2DT, 09G2T, 10G2S

Foreign analogues of Steel 09G2S

Legend

Modulus of elasticity of steel

The elasticity of solids is the ability to return to its original shape after the cessation of deforming influences. For example, a block of plasticine has zero springiness, while rubber products can be compressed and stretched. When various forces are applied to objects and materials, they become deformed. Depending on the physical properties of the body or substance, two types of deformation are distinguished:

• Elastic - the consequences disappear after the action of external forces ends;
• Plastic - irreversible change in shape.

The modulus of elasticity is the name of several physical quantities that characterize the tendency of a solid body to deform elastically.

The concept was first introduced by Thomas Young. The scientist suspended weights from metal rods and observed their elongation. Some samples doubled in length, while others were torn during the experiment.

Today the definition combines a number of properties of physical bodies:

Young's modulus : Calculated by the formula E= σ/ε, where σ is the stress equal to the force divided by the area of ​​its application, and ε is the elastic deformation, equivalent to the ratio of the elongation of the sample from the beginning of deformation and compression after its cessation.

Shear modulus (G or μ) : the ability to resist deformation while maintaining volume when the direction of loads is tangential. For example, when hitting the head of a nail, if it was not made at a right angle, the product becomes distorted. In sopromat, the value is used to calculate shifts and torsion.

Bulk modulus or bulk modulus (K): changes caused by the action of a confining stress, such as hydrostatic pressure.

Punch ratio (Ⅴ or μ) : the ratio of transverse compression to longitudinal elongation, calculated for material samples. For absolutely fragile substances it is zero.

Lamé's constant : the energy that provokes a return to its original form, calculated through the construction of scalar combinations.

The modulus of elasticity of steel is correlated with a number of other physical quantities. For example, when conducting a tensile experiment, it is important to take into account the tensile strength, exceeding which results in destruction of the part.

• Ratio of rigidity and ductility;
• Impact strength;
• Yield strength;
• Relative compression and tension (longitudinal and transverse);
• Strength limits under shock, dynamic and other loads.

The use of a number of approaches is determined by the requirements for the mechanical properties of materials in various industries, construction, and instrument making.

Composition and structure

Before studying the composition of steel 09g2s, you need to understand the decoding of the markings:

1. The number in front is the amount of the main component of the composition besides iron. In this case, it is carbon, the percentage of which reaches 0.09%. The hardness and strength of the material depends on its quantity.
2. The letter after the numerical designation indicates the presence of chemical treatment of the steel during production. A certain amount of manganese is introduced into the composition. The number after the letter indicates the percentage of the introduced component.
3. The last symbol indicates the presence of an alloying component. In this case, it is silicon, the percentage of which cannot exceed 1%.

List of additional alloying components, harmful impurities:

• silicon - from 0.5 to 0.8%;
• nickel - no more than 0.3%;
• manganese - from 1.3 to 1.7%;
• phosphorus - no more than 0.035%;
• sulfur - no more than 0.04%;
• chromium - no more than 0.3%;
• arsenic - no more than 0.08%;
• copper - up to 0.3%;
• nitrogen - up to 0.008%.

The amount of iron is from 96 to 97%, carbon - up to 0.12%. The total percentage of alloying components can reach 2.5%. The composition requirements are specified in GOST 27772-88.

Steel reinforcement (Photo: pixabay.com)

Elastic modulus of different steel grades

Spring steel alloys have the greatest ability to resist deformation. These materials are characterized by high yield strength. The value shows the stress at which the deformation increases without external influences, for example, when bending and twisting.

The elasticity characteristics of steel depend on alloying elements and the structure of the crystal lattice. Carbon imparts hardness to the steel alloy, but in high concentrations it reduces ductility and springiness. The main alloying additives that increase elastic properties: silicon, manganese, nickel, tungsten.

Often, the desired indicators can be achieved only with the help of special heat treatment modes. In this way, all fragments of the part will have uniform fluidity indicators, and weak areas will be eliminated. Otherwise, the product may break, burst or crack. Grades 60G and 65G have such characteristics as tensile strength, viscosity, wear resistance, they are used for the manufacture of industrial springs and musical strings.

The metallurgical industry has created several hundred grades of steel with different elastic moduli. The table shows the characteristics of popular alloys.

Table of strength moduli of steel grades

Modulus of elasticity for metals and alloys

Elasticity of steels