Chainsaw Ural - technical characteristics and adjustment

The Ural chainsaw, designed for felling trees and sawing wood on personal plots, was developed and produced in Perm. After 2013, the production of equipment was transferred to a machine-building plant in Biysk. The company assembles tools and supplies spare parts for products of earlier modifications.

Technical parameters of the Ural chainsaw

Specific numbers can tell you in more detail and clearly about the advantages and capabilities of the Ural chainsaw. They give unbiased, dry information and make no attempt to embellish the reality. Let's look at the technical characteristics of the Ural chainsaw:

Technical characteristics of Ural chainsaws

Engine power - 5 l. With.
Weight excluding fuel and starter - 11.6 kg.
Engine design : gasoline, two-stroke, single-cylinder.
Fuel tank capacity is 1.6 liters.
Oil tank volume - 0.24 l.
Noise level - 105 dB (no more).
The cutting direction when felling is from right to left.
Dimensions (L/W/H) - 88/45.5/46 (50) cm.
Temperature range - from -40° to +40°С.
Air type cooling.
The length of the working tire is 45.5 cm.
The saw chain has 72 teeth with a pitch of 0.325 inches.

Attention! Currently, there are several models of Ural chainsaws that have their own characteristics, which may differ slightly from the indicated values. To clarify the parameters, it is recommended to carefully study the device passport.

Basic configuration, equipment, assembly

Basic equipment of the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw:

engine power 5.5 horsepower;
starter (ignition system);
stop/start button;
gas line;
saw blade, chain;
handles for holding a chainsaw;
muffler;
package;
operating instructions, engine manual.

Production and assembly of the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw: Perm Machine-Building Plant named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Assembly and production are not carried out in China; equipment from a Chinese manufacturer is a fake.

Chainsaw motor

The engine makes up the main part of the Ural chainsaw, almost completely forming it as a tool. Most of the technical characteristics relate to the operation of the motor. The single-cylinder two-stroke engine has a cylinder with a volume of 94 (109) cm3, with a diameter of 5.5 cm, providing a fuel consumption of 632 g for each kW/h of power. The crankshaft rotation speed is 6200 rpm (±200). The motor has stable performance characteristics, highly appreciated by experts.

Advantages and disadvantages of a chainsaw

A gasoline saw has one remarkable property that forces you to come to terms with the “cons” of the design. It allows you to easily carry out both longitudinal and cross cuts. In addition, the device is very reliable; high handles allow you to straighten your back while working.

On the other hand, this model is characterized by some disadvantages:

the motor emits a lot of gases during operation, that is, the feller is forced to work in very gassy conditions;
a more enriched type of fuel is used than on foreign-made devices;
servicing the instrument requires a certain skill and experience;
high fuel consumption;
no chain brake.

The high demand for such equipment is due to its low cost. But most entrepreneurs prefer foreign models. That’s why the company stopped producing the Ural 2 T Electron chainsaw four years ago. However, sales of the devices are still ongoing.

How to break in a chainsaw?

Full operation of the Ural chainsaw engine, corresponding to the declared characteristics, is possible only after a special procedure called running-in. To complete it, you will need a certain amount of fuel, consisting of a mixture of gasoline and oil in a ratio of 15:1.

Chainsaw Ural - device

The break-in process consists of starting the engine, which should run for 10 minutes, after which it is turned off. Then starting, running for 10 minutes and stopping the engine are repeated, and this happens until all the fuel is used up. To complete the procedure, it is necessary to use 4 full tanks of lean fuel, and further work should be done with richer fuel, having a gasoline to oil ratio of 20:1.

After running-in, it is necessary to operate the Ural chainsaw for 25 hours at low loads.

Running in the saw is necessary to adjust all the parts of the mechanism, set the optimal qualities and performance characteristics of the Ural chainsaw. If you ignore this procedure, the device’s engine will constantly stall and will not be able to operate normally.

Instructions for use and maintenance

A detailed assembly diagram and operating diagram of the chainsaw are described in the instructions. We provide only the basic rules for operating and maintaining the tool. Immediately after assembly, we recommend that you break in the chainsaw and let the tool operate for several hours in normal mode while maintaining the factory carburetor settings. Later, you can adjust the carburetor as needed by the owner.

Rules for safe operation of the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw

protect all parts of the body from damage when working with a chainsaw (it is recommended to use special protective shields for the right hand, as well as anti-vibration gloves, glasses or a plastic one-piece mask for the whole face, headphones to suppress noise);
do not smoke when operating a chainsaw, smoking may cause a fire;
Keep animals or children away from the area where the chainsaw is used;
always turn off the tool if visual contact with the surface being cut is not possible;
use the correct ratio for mixing oil and gasoline (for Ural chainsaws this ratio is 1:25);
Perform tool maintenance in a timely manner and ensure that there is oil available to lubricate the chain.

Chainsaw maintenance

regular maintenance - after completion of work and before starting sawing;
monitor the condition of the chain, the degree of lubrication of the chain and blade, the presence of burrs on the chain sprockets;
change the fuel mixture on time, use high-quality oil, good gasoline - this will extend the life of the chainsaw;
It is recommended to adjust the carburetor after running in the tool (after the first 5 hours of operation) and then perform it as necessary.

Carburetor KMP-100U of the Ural-2T Electron chainsaw

Main malfunctions of the model and their elimination

Let's look at the main reasons why a chainsaw refuses to work, as well as possible ways to eliminate such problems.

The Ural 2T Electron chainsaw does not want to start or starts stalling right during operation.

The reason for this malfunction may be the following: clogged filters, low-quality fuel, low oil, insufficient lubrication on the saw blade.

Solving the problem: cleaning the filters, monitoring the level of fuel and lubricants.

Sawing occurs with difficulty; as a result of the operation of the chainsaw, only small chips are formed.

Reason: Chain needs to be sharpened.

Sharpen with a special file or replace the chain.

Carburetor settings

Ural chainsaw carburetor

Carburetor adjustment is necessary to transfer the engine operation from the enriched fuel mixture used during break-in to the normal working one. When purchasing, the carburetor of the Ural chainsaw is configured for a rich mixture, so subsequent adjustment is not necessary. To do this, you need to adjust the fuel supply using the carburetor adjusting screws. There are three of them, they regulate operation at idle, low and high speeds. They control the throttle valve, which regulates the volume of air and fuel mixture.

The result of adjusting the carburetor is a change in power, rotation speed and fuel mixture consumption. Therefore, for correct settings, you must be guided by the values indicated in the device characteristics. The rotation speed is checked with a tachometer, and the fuel supply is checked visually. If the fuel composition is too lean, the saw begins to make a squealing sound, and if it is too rich, black smoke appears.

Operating manual for the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw

The instruction is an invariable companion of the Ural chainsaw - this is the passport of the chain saw, which contains complete information about the tool:

Design and diagrams of the Ural chainsaw.
Tool assembly steps.
Equipment.
Safety requirements when sawing and during maintenance of a chainsaw.
Table with characteristics of the 2T Electron model.
Sequence of putting gas-powered tools into operation.
Instructions for starting a chain saw.
Chainsaw engine running-in period.
Sawing methods and techniques.
Carrying out maintenance of the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw.
List of possible malfunctions, causes of their occurrence and methods of elimination.

Chainsaw Ural 2T Electron, device, working diagrams

The photo shows how the legendary unit works, and we also see a list of its main components:

The device of the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw

Below is the ignition diagram:

Equipment for Ural 2T Electron

The standard delivery set consists of:

5.5 liter petrol engine. With.;
frame and handles;
starter rope;
fuel tank;
gas line;
clutch;
powertrain activation system;
ignition system;
start button;
spark plug;
muffler;
sawing unit;
box;
operational manual.

Safety precautions when working with a chain saw

Be sure to use personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, earplugs/headphones, mask) and comfortable clothes and shoes.
Fill only with fresh fuel. Refueling should be done away from the work area.
Smoking near the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw is strictly prohibited.
Monitor the condition of the chain, do not cut with a dull chain.
Carry out maintenance of gas-powered tools with the engine turned off.
Remove bystanders from the area.
Learn ways and techniques of working with power tools.

Sequence of putting into operation the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw

The chainsaw is assembled into a single structure.
The cutting unit is mounted and the chain is tensioned.
The fuel mixture is being prepared.
The finished fuel is poured into the tank.
The chain saw crankcase is filled with regular 10B40 motor oil.
All fasteners are checked again.
The chainsaw is starting up.
Idle speed and lubrication supply are checked.
Running in the engine is mandatory.

How to prepare a fuel mixture for Ural 2T Electron

How much gasoline and oil is required to prepare a high-quality mixture for the Ural 2T Electron? Previously, the fuel mixture was prepared from AI-72 gasoline and motor oil for two-stroke engines. Today, 72-grade gasoline is replaced by 92-grade gasoline (72 has been discontinued), any oil for 2-stroke engines can be used. During the break-in period, the fuel mixture is prepared in the following ratio: 1/15. The carburetor is initially set for break-in, where more enriched fuel is used. After this is done, it is necessary to adjust the carburetor again, setting it to less enriched fuel with an oil to gasoline ratio of 20/1.

Break-in period

The testing of the Urals is carried out in 2 stages:

Four full tanks of rich fuel mixture burn out at idle.
The next day and for 25 hours, the chainsaw is run in with minimal loads.
At the end of the break-in period, the oil in the crankcase is changed, and the carburetor is adjusted to the new mode.

Chainsaw Ural 2T Electron, maintenance

Let's highlight the main points of service:

Regular cleaning work:
cutting unit;
asterisks;
carburetor;
spark plug;
filter.
Lubrication of components and mechanisms.
Sharpening the chain directly on the bar after each cut.
Adjustment (if necessary).

Download instruction manual

Causes and methods of troubleshooting the Ural 2T Electron chainsaw

The chainsaw does not want to start:
poor quality mixture;
the ignition is not set;
the carburetor is clogged or not adjusted;
filter cleaning required;
the candle doesn't work;
The high voltage cable is not connected.
Smoke is pouring out:
The chainsaw squeals loudly when working:
fuel is lean.
The saw stalls under loads:
the mixture needs to be replaced;
clean the filter, spark plug, carburetor.
Strong knocking, squealing, extraneous noise during operation:
Working with tension, small chips at the output:

Video review of adjusting the carburetor on a chainsaw:

Video

Video review of ignition adjustment on a chainsaw:

Video

Adjusting the power unit for maximum power

You can achieve the greatest power from the Ural chainsaw motor by setting the optimal amount of fuel mixture supplied to the cylinders. The adjusting screw acting on the throttle control lever is adjusted to the mode that allows you to obtain maximum power.

When the screw is screwed in, the mixture becomes leaner, and when unscrewed, it becomes richer. To monitor the result, test cutting is carried out and the quality of the adjustment is assessed. If the obtained characteristics are not satisfactory, the procedure is repeated until an optimal result is obtained. The engine should not overheat (a sign of a lean fuel composition), stop, or smoke too much.

Adjusting screws for Ural chainsaws

How to set the ignition on a Ural chainsaw?

Signs that the ignition system needs to be adjusted include loud chainsaw sounds hitting the carburetor or muffler. In this case, the fuel does not have time to completely burn in the internal combustion engine cylinder, which gradually makes starting more difficult and increases the consumption of fuel consumed.

The adjustment procedure looks like this:

First you need to remove the plastic cover of the saw's protective housing and inspect the space underneath it. If necessary, the parts of the instrument should be carefully cleaned with a hard brush;
Next you need to find the flywheel position adjustment screws. By turning them counterclockwise one by one, the operator will be able to move the element away from the standard magneto;
Then you need to attach the template used to the ignition coil;
After this, you need to turn the screws one by one in a clockwise direction. Once the engine's built-in flywheel is closely aligned with the previously set template, the operator can release the adjustment screws.

At the end, you will need to install the housing cover and monitor the operation of the tuned saw.

Chainsaw oil

For the Ural chainsaw, M-8B oil is used. It is mixed with A-72 gasoline (currently AI-92 or AI-93 is used) in a ratio of 1:20. Long-term practice has shown the reliability, high characteristics of this oil, the absence of premature wear and the appearance of carbon deposits on the spark plug. The same oil is used to lubricate the saw chain gearbox, which increases its service life and makes the saw easier to operate.

Liquids for refilling chainsaws Ural

Modifications

During the entire production of the chainsaw, Friendship 4 has not undergone any major design changes. Let's see what minor changes have occurred in the design of the chainsaw:

1950 - 1960 . The first structural modification concerned a change in the mounting option for the handles; they began to be attached to the fan cover, and subsequently the fastening was moved to the clamp that connected the engine and gearbox.
1960 - 1980 . At this time, a modification of the chainsaw called Druzhba - 4A, which had two main advantages: a contact magneto and the well-known KMP-100 carburetor, entered the assembly line and was produced for 20 years. At the end of the 80s, the modification of the Druzhba -4A chainsaw was discontinued.
Late 1980s. Release of the Druzhba-4M Electron modification. Electronic ignition was used for the first time.
1990s . Equipping the chainsaw with a modern (at that time) carburetor KMP-100U. Changes in the saw set - the use of modern type chains.

Many people are confused and say that a number of other changes were made to the Druzhba 4 chainsaw, such as a removable starter, a detachable crankcase and a removable cylinder, but they are deeply mistaken. All these changes were made on the Ural chainsaw, the basis of which was Druzhba.