Stone crushers at home

In the processing and mining industries, devices for crushing fairly large pieces of material and obtaining fractions of the required sizes are widely used. These devices were invented back in the 18th century and, having gone through a fairly long path of modifications and improvements, are successfully used today. The device is quite simple, so you can make a crusher for crushed stone with your own hands, but at the same time durable, which allows it to be used in construction, mining and other industries.

Cone design diagram

DIY stone crusher

The processing and mining industries work with stones and hard rocks that are difficult to crush.
In this case, a special crusher is required that can quickly and efficiently complete all the assigned work. But if we are talking about crushing stone at home in order to equip a private enterprise, then a device with low power will do, and if you wish, you can do it yourself. The mini stone crusher is practical, compact in size and has convenient functional features for use in accordance with the established standards.

Types of stone crushers

To properly establish the production process, you need to choose the right type of crusher, since there are different types with characteristic technical and functional features:

Hammer crusher for stone . A hammer crusher is a special device that breaks stone into the desired shape and structure. The hammer blows are cyclical, so the stone breaks into the desired pieces, eliminating any inaccuracies and inconveniences. The absence of a large amount of waste is considered an important advantage.
Cone crusher. This device allows you to easily and simply cope with the crushing of stone material, while providing the appropriate convenience. The system consists of two cones, between which there is space for moving stones for the purpose of crushing them.
Impact crusher. The device is ideal for crushing hard and soft rocks. Crushing is carried out due to the rotor in the system, which is characterized by high power, reliability, quality and, most importantly, technical serviceability. The absence of inaccuracies reduces waste and material discards.
Roll crusher. The device is equipped with special shafts that rotate among themselves to crush stone and hard rocks. The devices rotate towards each other, due to which crushing is carried out evenly and efficiently, eliminating any technical inaccuracies.
Lye crusher. The design of the device contains rectangular slabs through which the stone passes to crush and obtain the desired shape and appearance. The working space is wedge-shaped for convenient movement of the stone in order to obtain the desired structure.

If you need a small stone crusher , then the hammer system is ideal, as it combines practicality and ease of use.

Power, thanks to which solid rock is processed, is also considered an important property. It provides practicality and high productivity, which will be quite enough for a small home workshop for stone processing.

Impact crushers

Impact crusher is a mechanical crushing device used for crushing pieces, grains and particles of mineral raw materials and similar materials, by crushing the rock by blows of hammers rigidly mounted on a rapidly rotating rotor, as well as by breaking the pieces by hitting the plates of the crusher body.

Impact crushers are similar in design to hammer crushers, but the advantage of impact crushers is the free exit of raw materials from the grinding chamber. As a result, we do not have to worry about the moisture content of the raw materials. This advantage allows the crushers to be used in open spaces.

Impact crusher mechanism

The impact crusher consists of the following main elements:

a rotor with rigidly fixed impact elements, hence the name impact crusher;
crusher body lined with replaceable armor plates;
crusher support frame;
bearing units;
drive unit, which includes a V-belt drive and an electric motor.

Operating principle of an impact crusher

The source material, entering the grinding zone (grinding chamber), hits the rotating rotor. This is how primary grinding occurs, after which the material is thrown away and hits the armor of the crusher body.

This process occurs an indefinite number of times, as a result of which the material acquires a given size. The size of the material depends on the gap between the rotor impact elements and the bumpers on the housing.

How to make a crusher yourself?

To produce a stone crusher, you don’t need anything special or specific, since it will be enough to know certain rules and recommendations.

A homemade crushing apparatus must be designed, so drawings that describe all the main technical and structural features of the unit.
You need to purchase a motor, thanks to which you can power the device and cope with crushing the stone in order to obtain its homogeneous mass.
A container where all crushed stone will be collected to prevent loss of material.
Also an important device in the design will be special knives for cutting material.
Wrenches and screwdrivers for assembling the structure for its reliable operation.

how to make a high-quality crushing device for stone, but if you carefully read the rules and technical features of the process, you can achieve the task at the optimal level.

Why is it better to make a crusher yourself than to purchase it for home production? First of all, this is an excellent opportunity to save money, since there is no need to invest large sums of money in purchasing an imported or even domestic unit.

Taking into account all the rules and recommendations when creating a stone crusher is a guarantee of its practical and reliable use.

Crusher - do-it-yourself crusher for crushed stone

Cone design diagram

Main types

Today there are several varieties that differ primarily in their degree of grinding.

These are fine (0.5 - 2.5 cm), medium (2.5 - 10 cm), and coarse (10 - 30 cm) crushers.

Depending on the impact of the worker’s organ, there are the following types of crushers for crushed stone:

The principle of its operation is to crush the material with 2 cheeks. The cheeks are plates, one of which does not move, and the other is connected to an electric wire and makes a rocking motion.

The size of the material that has undergone the crushing process directly depends on the distance left between the plates.

This is used, as a rule, in the 1st and 2nd stages of crushing;

It is designed to produce cube-shaped crushed stone of medium size. The working body is a cone, which moves in a circle inside the main conical bowl. The crushing itself occurs at the moment when the cones come together, and when they move away, all the material spills down;

Gross structure diagram

Used for fine crushing of crushed stone. The working body is a rotating shaft on a horizontal axis. The material is fed into such a mechanism from above, and then it is pulled between small rollers. Depending on the required grinding, the rollers can be corrugated, smooth, toothed, etc. The number of rollers can be up to 4;

Its main organ is the hammers, which are electrically attached to the rotor. The material is crushed due to the collision of parts with the chamber walls, as well as with the hammers themselves.

All of the above varieties are usually used in construction operations, namely in crushing crushed stone. But sometimes, as an exception, the following varieties are used:

press rollers;
screw-toothed;
hammer mechanisms;
centrifugal impact products.

The main purpose of the product for crushing crushed stone is the production of material that is used to crumble roads, as well as the production of small crushed stone, which serves as a filler for concrete and the production of cement mixtures.

Main types of crushers

brick crusher
There are many types of brick crushers on today’s construction market, and they can be distinguished from each other by the degree of crushing of the material:

Fine crusher - from five to twenty-five millimeters;
Medium crusher – from twenty-five to one hundred millimeters;
Coarse crusher – from one hundred to three hundred millimeters.

Crushers can also be distinguished by their crushing mechanism:

Cone mechanism;
Jaw mechanism;
Hammer mechanism;
Rotary mechanism;
Roller mechanism;
Rod mechanism.

Types of crushers according to use:

Wood crusher;
Stone crusher.

It is important to know: each of the subtypes of crushers has several of its own models, which are designed for specific work.

jaw crusher

In jaw crushers, natural material is crushed by two sharp metal plates called jaws (they got their name because of their shape). The material is crushed in the following way: under the pressure of these cheeks, the material bends, collapses and crumbles. This crusher is ideal for any rock if the strength of the incoming pieces does not exceed one and a half thousand millimeters. Jaw crushers are available in all classes – large, medium and small.

For coarser and dryer crushing of material, it is best to use cone crushers. The crusher itself consists of two large cones, which are located opposite each other and when the crusher starts and when moving, they destroy the material. One of the main advantages of this crusher is that it takes up much less space than, for example, a hammer crusher, and the operation process is simpler and longer. Such grinders are often used in construction work and in metallurgical plants, as well as in road construction.

Installation of equipment

All parameters of shredders, as a rule, are given in special documentation, which is supplied complete with the equipment itself. In addition, all the main characteristics of the device are printed on a special nameplate, which is located on the case.

In everyday life and, of course, in the household, mechanisms that are made by hand from scrap materials are often used.

That is, you may need:

engine;
special knives that can be purchased on the construction market;
container (optional, but keep in mind that it must be durable, for example, an iron barrel);
belt;
bearings;
shaft;
wrenches and screwdriver.

A do-it-yourself crusher for crushed stone (shredder), in its most primitive design, is a kind of container in which a shaft with a single or several sharp knives is mounted on bearings.

The shaft drives a low-power electric motor, which, as a rule, does not exceed 1 kW, through a belt drive with several wheels of different diameters, which makes it possible to adjust the shaft rotation speed.

Homemade brick crusher

According to the degree of grinding (that is, by fraction), crushers can be made small, medium and large . In the first case, the brick is crushed to fragments of 5–25 mm, in the second – 26–100 mm, in the third – 101–300 mm. One of the most popular options for brick crushers are jaw crushers ; they are based on the action of two sharp plates, the jaws. These cheeks put pressure on the raw material, which causes it to bend and become deformed in every possible way.

There are also shaft crushers: two cylindrical shafts rotate at equal speed towards each other.

Finally, they get down to business with a grinder with a hammer mechanism - the brick is destroyed with a hammer.

Let us list the design nuances of a homemade brick crusher.

Probably the simplest system would be a chopper with one movable jaw. The stationary one can be made from a cast iron sheet installed on a solid base with an angle. The slope is needed to create an upper hole where the material will flow. As the angle of inclination changes, the crushing gap is also adjusted.
The movable cheek can be a metal shaft, always of large diameter. It will be started by an electric motor using a belt drive. This is necessary to reduce the number of revolutions and increase the load characteristics of the engine. If overloads occur, the belt drive will prevent jamming.
The shaft should rotate towards the brick filling . The crushing parameters will change when the lower point of the cheek that will be stationary is shifted.
It is better to place the entire mechanism in one housing , on top of which there is a loading hopper.

Taking these fundamental points into account, you can make a crusher yourself. This is a container with a shaft on bearings, on legs. An alternative can be a cone crusher: these are two large cones located opposite each other.

The crusher starts up, and the cones begin to sequentially destroy the material.

Features of application

Typically, homemade crushers are used to grind a variety of grass, large and hard varieties of vegetables in order to prepare feed for livestock and poultry.

A do-it-yourself crusher can be made for a wide variety of purposes. In addition to preparing feed, this type can also be used in construction in order to crush gravel or crushed stone from broken bricks or for other household needs.

Today, crushers designed for crushing crushed stone are widely used at DSC. Typically, these are mechanisms of the cone variety, which make it possible to obtain cube-shaped crushed stone that meets group 1 according to GOST.

Making a crusher with your own hands

In a country house there should always be a maximum of available tools and items that make daily care of the house, garden and vegetable garden easier. For a rural resident, it would be absolutely useful to have a crusher, with which you can grind both hard and brittle materials.

This device is used to destroy stones, crush metal objects, wood, household waste, plastic, etc. This machine is used both in industry and in everyday life.

In the household, it can become a real universal device. During the spring-summer season, experienced and economical summer residents collect pruning fruit bushes and weeds in separate heaps, and then grind this material using a crusher, creating an excellent fertilizer for garden plants and trees.

Types of crushers

Based on the type of use, this device is divided into crushers for:

This apparatus is also classified by size, distinguishing between large (0.3 m), small (0.02 m) and medium crushing machines (0.1 m).

Depending on the characteristics of the device, there are:

knife devices;
crushers with cone hopper;
tiled machines;
rotary knife machines.

If you need to split hard materials, you can safely use a knife apparatus . It has the power to destroy objects of this kind. And in order to crush them, rotary knife crushers are used. Their main purpose is secondary crushing of waste .
Currently, such devices are produced in small quantities, since foreign-made crushers are gradually replacing domestic ones due to their better quality. In production, devices are most often used that crush the material by bringing two plates closer together . Such crushers are called jaw crushers. They perfectly process asphalt, reinforced concrete, and building stone. In some cases, they are even used for crushing glass and ceramics.

Particularly durable building materials are processed using cone crushers. The principle of their operation is that at the moment when two cones, one of which is stationary, come together, a solid object is crushed.

Crushers with rollers are considered convenient for home use. This design can also be made independently.

Non-solid materials such as wood and household waste are crushed using a hammer crusher.

Drawings and 3D models of crushing equipment

Based on their design and operating principle, the following main types of crushers are distinguished:

1) Jaw crushers.

In jaw crushers, stone destruction occurs when the moving jaw approaches the fixed one under the action of compressive loads.
All existing types of jaw crushers can be classified according to the following design features:

· According to the shape of the trajectory of movement of the movable jaw - into crushers with simple (Fig. 3.1, a, c, d) and complex (Fig. 3.1, b) swing. In the first machines, any point of the cheek moves along circular arcs, and in the second, along elliptical curves, since the cheek is suspended directly on the eccentric shaft.

· According to the location of the jaw suspension on crushers with an upper (see Fig. 3.1, a, 6, d) and lower (see Fig. 3.1, c) suspension.

· According to the design of the mechanism that drives the movable jaw - crushers with a lever mechanism (see Fig. 3.1, a, b, c), with a hydraulic drive (see Fig. 3.1, d) and with a cam mechanism. The latter are currently not produced in the CIS. The most common are the first two types of machines.

Figure 3.1 – Diagram of jaw crushers:

A - with a simple swing of the cheek; b – with a complex swing of the cheek; c – with lower cheek suspension; d – with hydraulic drive.

Jaw crushers with simple jaw swing

(Fig. 3.2) are intended for coarse and medium crushing of high-strength and abrasive rocks.

Figure 3.2 - Jaw crusher with simple jaw swing

1 – front wall of the frame; 2 – replaceable plates made of wear-resistant materials; 3 – axis; 4 – eccentric shaft; 5 – flywheel pulley; 6 – connecting rod; 7 – rear wall of the frame; 8 – spring; 9 – liner; 10 – emphasis; 11 – traction; 12 – socket with liner; 13 – front spacer plate; 14 – side wall; 15 – socket with liner; 16 – movable cheek; 17 – fixed cheek; 18 – rear spacer plate.

The enclosing element of the machine is the frame, which absorbs the forces arising during operation and provides the necessary rigidity. The bed is formed by the front 1, rear 7 and two side 14 walls.

Crusher frames are made solid or prefabricated. Solid frames are manufactured as a single casting or all-welded structure. Prefabricated frames consist of two or three parts that have a horizontal split and are connected by bolts. Such frames are more convenient for transportation and installation of machines.

The crushing space (crushing chamber) is formed by a fixed cheek 17 attached to the front wall, a movable cheek 16 hinged on an axis 3, and the side walls of the frame, which are lined with replaceable plates 2 made of wear-resistant materials.

The height of the crushing chamber is directly proportional to the degree of crushing, and therefore in the latest models of machines they are trying to increase it.

The shape of the crushing chamber has a significant impact on the grinding process. The studies carried out have established that with a curvilinear crushing chamber, the productivity of the machine increases by 10...20% (all other things being equal) due to more favorable conditions for the destruction of the material. In modern jaw crushers, the profile of the crushing chamber is made curved, although this complicates the manufacture and operation of crushing plates. In addition, to increase the homogeneity of the finished product, a parallel zone is created in the lower part of the crushing chamber, obtained by beveling the lining of the fixed jaw.

Torque from the electric motor is transmitted using a flat or V-belt transmission and a flywheel pulley 5 to the eccentric drive shaft 4,

Installed primarily in plain bearings. Small jaw crushers have recently begun to install the drive shaft in rolling bearings, providing higher rotation speeds and lower power losses. The installation of rolling bearings on large machines is not widespread due to the significant complication of the shaft mounting unit.

A connecting rod 6 is suspended on the shaft 4, in the lower part of which there are sockets with liners 12 and 15 for placing the front 13 and rear 18 spacer plates.

Crusher connecting rods are manufactured as solid cast or prefabricated. Prefabricated connecting rods consist of a head with a bearing connected by rods to a lower stop for spacer plates equipped with a safety device. These connecting rods have significantly less weight, but their manufacture and operation require highly qualified service personnel, which prevents their widespread use.

Spacer plates connect the connecting rod with the movable cheek and the rear wall of the frame, and the rear spacer plate, placed in the insert 9 on the thrust part 10 of the rear wall of the frame, serves as a safety device. When non-crushable objects enter the crusher, it breaks, protecting the machine from accidents.

When the eccentric shaft rotates, the lower part of the connecting rod performs a reciprocating motion, which, transmitted through the front spacer plate, causes the movable cheek to perform a rocking motion. The trajectories of the points of the movable cheek are arcs of circles with the center at the suspension point.

When the crushing jaws come together, the pinched material is destroyed (working stroke); when the cheeks move away from each other, the material falls down to the unloading slot. The withdrawal of the movable cheek is facilitated by spring 8, mounted on rod 11.

The width of the discharge gap is adjusted in large crushers by replacing spacer plates, and in small crushers - using spacers and adjusting wedges.

Advantages

kinematic diagram of crushers with simple jaw swing are:

· significant gain in strength when crushing the largest pieces.

· low wear of crushing plates due to insignificant longitudinal movement of the movable cheek.

· rational distribution of acting forces in the machine elements (at accepted angles between the spacer plates of 165...175°, the force in the connecting rod is approximately 15 times less than in the spacer plates).

To the disadvantages

The considered kinematic diagram should include a small movement of the upper part of the movable cheek and the cyclical operation of the machine (the presence of working and idling strokes).

Due to the slight movement of the movable cheek in the upper part, often not exceeding the elastic compression of the crushed pieces, the time spent on their destruction increases and the productivity of the machine decreases. Elimination of this design drawback can be achieved by raising the suspension axis of the movable cheek and moving it forward.

In crushers used to produce small quantities of fine and homogeneous material, the suspension axis of the movable jaw can be located at the bottom.

The cyclical operation of the crusher leads to uneven loading of the drive electric motor, to level which flywheels 5 are installed on the drive shaft, increasing the energy and metal consumption of the machine.

The simple jaw swing crusher design described above is the predominant design throughout the world (with minor modifications).

Crushers with simple jaw swing are installed at stationary crushing and screening plants for primary crushing of the source material.

2. Cone crushers.

In cone crushers (Figure 1.2), crushing of pieces of material occurs between the outer cone 1 and the inner cone 2 by pressing the inner cone onto the material. In this case, the cone either swings relative to a fixed point (Figure 1.2 b) or moves along a circular path, making translational movements of the internal cone, the generatrices of the cones either approach or move away from each other. As the cones come closer, the material is crushed, and when removed, it falls down.

Figure 1.2 Diagrams of cone crushers.

Crushing in a cone crusher occurs continuously with sequential movement of the crushing zone around the circumference. Cone crushers are classified according to the following characteristics: By technological purpose: coarse crushers KKD (Figure 1.2 a), medium crushers KSD (Figure 1.2 c), fine crushers KMD (Figure 1.2 e). — By design: crushers with a suspended shaft, inertial crushers with a cantilever shaft, which, in turn, are divided into normal, medium and short-cone.

3) Roll crushers.

The working bodies of the roller crusher (Fig. 3)

Rice. 3. Roller crusher: a) Design; b) The crusher layout consists of two parallel cylindrical rolls 2

and
4,
rotating towards one another.
A piece of material entering the working area is carried away by friction against the surface of the rolls and is drawn into the working space, where it is crushed as a result of splitting, fracture and abrasion. The surfaces of the rolls are made smooth and corrugated. The rolls are mounted on the frame 1
in bearings
3
and
6.
The bearings of one or two rolls have spring supports
5,
which can move in the guides when an uncrushable object enters the crusher. The rotation of the roll is transmitted from an electric motor through a V-belt transmission with a frequency of 75...190 min-1.

The largest size of a piece of material loaded into the crusher depends on the grip angle, determined by the diameter of the rolls and the coefficient of friction on the metal surface of the rolls. In order for smooth rollers to be able to capture the initial product in the crushing zone, it is necessary that the angle of capture of the rolls does not exceed the angle of friction of the material on the surface of the rolls. The maximum size of pieces depends on the diameter of the rolls and the size of the discharge slot. To meet these conditions, the diameter of a smooth roller should be 20 times greater than the size of the stone, and with grooved surfaces of the rollers - 12 times. Therefore, roller crushers are used only for secondary crushing of rocks of medium and low strength, as well as for grinding viscous and wet materials. The degree of grinding is 4...12. The crusher size is characterized by the diameter and length of the rolls. Productivity of roller crushers (M3/H) PT = 3600 aL  R, where a -

width of the unloading slot, m; L—roll length, m;  — peripheral speed, m/s; R is a coefficient that takes into account the use of roll lengths, the degree of loosening of the material, and uneven feeding; R = 0.1...0.3 for soft and R = 0.4... 0.5 for hard rocks.

4) Impact crushers

Impact crushers are used for crushing soft and medium hard rocks (limestone, chalk, gypsum, coal, etc.). Crushing in an impact crusher occurs as a result of the impact of rapidly rotating hammers on pieces of material and the impact of the pieces against each other, the impact of the material on crushing plates onto which it is thrown by hammers, the crushing of material between hammers and the crushing plate, as well as between hammers and grates. The following types of impact crushers are distinguished: hammer crushers with hinged hammers, impact crushers with rigidly fixed beaters.

Figure 1.4 Diagrams of impact crushers.

Impact crushers are classified according to the following criteria: - By the number of rotors - single-rotor crushers (Figure 1.4 a), double-rotor crushers (Figure 1.4 b), hammer crusher (Figure 1.4 c) - By the design of impact surfaces - impact crushers with grates and impact centrifugal crushers with smooth impact plates. According to the principle of crushing in two-rotor crushers - parallel and sequential. Advantages of impact crushers: high degree of grinding (up to 30) and low specific energy consumption. They can carry out coarse, medium and fine crushing. Disadvantages of impact crushers: the ability to crush only non-abrasive rocks with a strength of up to 1200-1500 kg * s/cm2, mainly limestone, rapid wear of the hammers, if pieces of metal can get into the crusher, breakdown occurs, if the material moisture content is more than 15%, the crusher is smeared, the unsuitability of hammer crushers for crushing very hard rocks.

Runners.

The runners are widely used for fine and fine crushing of soft rock materials of medium hardness. Figure 1.5 Runner patterns.

Runners are classified according to the following main characteristics: - By mode of action: periodic (Figure 1.5 a) and continuous (Figure 1.5 b,c,d) - By technological purpose: for grinding and mixing and only mixing, for briquetting the raw mixture, runners are also distinguished with metal rollers and bowl and stone rollers and bowl. According to the design: with a stationary bowl (Figure 1.5 a, b), with a rotating bowl (Figure 1.5 c, d, e), with an upper (Figure 1.5 a, c, d, e) and lower (Figure 1.5 b) drive . With a bottom drive, disassembly is more difficult, repairs take longer, but the mass is not contaminated, with rollers resting on the material with their mass (Figure 1.5 a, b, d) with additional hydraulic, pneumatic (Figure 1.5 c) or spring (Figure 1.5 d) ) by pressing the rollers. By unloading method: with manual unloading (Figure 1.5 a), with pressing through a grate (Figure 1.5 b), with centrifugal unloading (Figure 1.5 c), with unloading via a dump lowered into a bowl (Figure 1.5 d). In runners with rollers rotating around a vertical axis, centrifugal forces tend to tear the rollers off, and if unbalanced, the central shaft can bend. Advantages of runners compared to roller crushers: it is possible to unload significantly larger pieces of material, it is easier to regulate the fineness of grinding, the plastic properties of clay materials are improved due to the repeated impact of rollers. Disadvantages of runners: bulkiness, difficult repairs, increased specific energy consumption per unit of processed material.

Making a crusher with your own hands

While you are looking forward to creating this unit, prepare the following materials :

motor ; the purchased electric motor will ensure the creation of a silent machine capable of grinding waste in small quantities. During operation, it does not emit harmful substances, and its operation is possible both outdoors and indoors. The only disadvantage of the electric motor is its direct dependence on the power supply.
saws with a thickness of 0.06 to 0.1 m, in the amount of 10-20 pieces (the more cutters, the better the crusher).
pin for threading saws,
nuts and washers,
metal corrugated pipes (to create the frame of the crusher),
casing and hopper made of galvanized metal,
welding machine.

Coal crusher (coal): household, manual

Crushers are used to crush rocks and stones. They act by rubbing, crushing, splitting, hitting blocks and pieces against each other. In the domestic sphere, a coal crusher is more common.

It is necessary primarily for grinding large pieces of coal for combustion in various types of furnaces and forges. Some crushers have a special conveyor that automatically delivers the finished fuel to the furnace.

Valkovaya

Coal is crushed in a roller crusher by crushing it between two (or more) horizontally mounted shafts. Coal is fed from above, it is pulled by the rotational movements of parallel shafts into the gap between them, where the rock is ground. The finished product is poured out at the bottom.

There are three types of roller devices, differing in the surface of the crushing element-shaft:

smooth;
corrugated;
toothed (cutting).

Side Crushing Roller Crusher

Smooth ones are designed for softer or damper rocks, since they primarily crush and grind. Serrated and grooved ones are better than smooth ones; they capture drier rock and crush it by crushing and cutting. Shafts differ in strength, number of elements, diameter, length. Performance directly depends on these parameters.

Hammer

This type of crushers is universal. It has a wide range of rocks as well as the size of the finished material being unloaded. If for a dacha or plot you need a crusher for coal, waste, household waste, metal - all in one, then it is more advisable to purchase a hammer crusher.

The crushing hammers rotate in a circle, striking the rock. Coal also hits the walls of the building. The drier the rock, the better this type of device works. The size of the resulting rock is regulated by the width of the unloading grate slot, as well as the distance between the body (or grate) grate and the hammer.

The main advantage of a hammer grinder is its compactness, ease of use, high productivity, variety of materials, and adjustable degree of crushing.

Thanks to these advantages, this type is excellent as a household coal crusher for a summer house or small farm.

The wear of the hammers is extremely high, and maintenance requires experience and knowledge; replacing the working blades is very expensive.

DIY coal crusher

The easiest one to create with your own hands is a coal roller crusher. It is often made using cutting and crushing elements, which is convenient in a summer cottage. Such coal crushers are suitable for various materials - plastic, wood, glass. It should be taken into account that the power of the crusher should be no more than 2.6 kW.

Homemade coal crusher

Required components:

electric motor (drive);
from 10 to 20 saws, each 10 mm thick;
galvanized iron sheets;
metal pipes;
working shaft, metal pin;
washers, nuts.

The hairpin, with circular saws strung on it, acts as an axis. Washers should be inserted between the saws so that they do not rub against each other. The axis with saws is installed on the working shaft using a pulley.

The pulley will fit from a car generator; from there you can also take 2 bearings with a diameter of 2 centimeters for smooth rotation.

Next, a connection is made to the electric motor drive, which will ensure rotation of the axis with the saws.

The frame is welded from metal pipes. Two profiles for the receiving hopper and the working chamber are installed inside the frame. The structure is sheathed with galvanized iron sheets, leaving two holes - for the motor and the snare drum. The frame is placed on 4-6 legs.

Next, the drive belt tension disc is installed. The cutters should move freely by periodically adjusting this disc. The body is placed on the working element - a drum with saws and a loading hopper is installed on top. This creates a simple but effective tool for crushing coal, and, if desired, other material.

Step-by-step instruction:

Installing cutters

All cutting saws are placed on a pre-prepared axle. Their diameter should be equal to the diameter of the cutters. The installed discs are secured with washers and nuts. To ensure that when the saws rotate, their sharp edges do not touch each other, it is necessary to use special thin washers for spreading the saws. In this case, the number of disks should be 1 more than washers.
When the disks are secured and spaced on the axle, a pulley is installed . It can be borrowed from the generator of a domestic car. In order for the pin to rotate, it is necessary to use two bearings with a diameter of 2 cm.

Assembling the crusher frame

The prepared metal pipes are welded together into a frame. Two profiles are installed inside the structure, which are necessary to strengthen the hopper and the grinding unit.
A metal sheet is welded to the frame, are made for the motor and drum.
For structural stability, 4 legs are attached to the body.
Install a disk that provides belt tension. It must be positioned so that the saws can move freely. In addition, this placement will allow periodic adjustment of the disc belt.

Installation of the casing and bowl for receiving material.

The casing is placed on the saw system.
The hopper is strengthened directly above the cutting unit.

How to make a plastic crusher?

The system for crushing plastic bottles and other similar items is built on the inclusion of circular saws (about 20 pieces), an electric motor, an axis intended for fastening saws, a metal profile, various fastening elements, as well as a hopper, a belt, a pulley and several bearings.

The process of creating a low-cost crushing system for plastic products involves seven steps.

The first step is to make a block , which is called a cutting block. To do this, circular saws are put on the prepared axis in advance. And to make space between them, nuts are used.
Now the system is mounted on a pulley , free rotation is achieved through the use of bearings.
A rectangular frame and support frame are made from metal materials .
Now you need to weld the legs , which are proportionate in height. Welding is used for this.
The frame is covered with a steel sheet, it is welded to the frame. A proportionate hole is made in it, the engine is mounted at a distance from the cutting part. The protection casing, as well as the plastic supply container, is the key to the safe operation of the crusher, as well as its efficiency.
After constructing the frame, you need to do the final assembly . The knives are fitted with a protective casing and a hopper through which the plastic flows. Even at the stage of installing the casing, you need to think about how to make a hole in it so that the axle articulates with the pulley.
Finally, it remains to connect the cutting unit and the motor shaft, for which a belt is used . Everything was done, as promised, at home!

If you have a drawing in front of your eyes, the risk of making a mistake is minimized. In principle, the device is simple - everyone should be able to do it.

Nuances of preparation and assembly

Before actual assembly, do not be too lazy to draw a small drawing - this will clarify certain aspects of the assembly and avoid problems when creating the device.
For high productivity of the device, it is necessary to install as many cutting disks as possible (up to 25 pieces) with a thickness of 0.1 m.
When working with harder materials than wood, it is best to use a motor unit instead of an electric motor, as its power is much higher.
If you don’t want to worry about periodically sharpening the machine’s cutters, purchase wheels with alloy attachments.
To create pressure on the material during the grinding process, a block should be attached to the structure opposite the hopper.

Basic requirements for homemade devices

Any homemade unit must not only produce chips of a suitable shape and size, but also be adapted to work with the most commonly used materials.

Therefore, it is necessary to think through not only the working unit that crushes the wood, but also the devices that supply the material .

In addition, the design of the unit must ensure maximum safety during its use. This concerns not only the possibility of wood being processed flying out or sharp rotating parts, but also clothing being pulled under drive belts or chains, as well as electric shock.

How to use a homemade crusher?

A homemade grinding apparatus is considered a universal device.
Working with a homemade crusher is not limited to processing leaves or other small debris. A high-quality device, created according to the above instructions, is capable of processing wood and household waste. The described design, based on a horizontal arrangement of cutting discs, is more reliable in terms of durability. In factory versions of crushers, saws are installed vertically , which forces the user to constantly monitor the moisture content of the stems entering the machine. Wet raw materials contribute to the breakdown of devices with this arrangement of saws.

Making a homemade shredder allows you to select the required engine power that matches the material being processed.

Thus, with a little imagination and dexterity, you can achieve amazing results. After all, while your neighbor is saving up for an expensive crusher, you will already be making full use of the technical “fruit” of your efforts. Thanks to high-quality assembly, a homemade grinding apparatus can become a universal machine for crushing many materials, including hard ones.

Other designs

There are different crushers, their main difference from each other is the processed material. There is a fundamental difference between a machine that shreds cardboard or foam rubber, and a machine that is suitable for rubber (tires, tires) or, for example, expanded clay. Crushers are also made to crush bird bones. You can make a glass grinding machine yourself.

Use elements of used equipment: washing machine, meat grinder, grinder, etc. The main thing is that the principle of operation of the device is observed . Figuratively speaking, this is the principle of a meat grinder, in which the material passes through the drum/reception bowl, ends up in the crushing system and is effectively crushed. The department where the material is ground is represented by cutters and a milling cutter. The raw material will be processed until it reaches the required grinding size.

For example, until it becomes metal shavings or sawdust

With the help of a gear-rotor crusher you can crush even asphalt and clay. The roller system is most often used for grain processing. And there are a great many examples of such structures. But if you look at the step-by-step instructions for making a garden crusher, a device for any other material will be made according to the same basic plan. Only its power, size, number of saws, etc. will change.

See the video below for options for making a crusher with your own hands.

Stone crusher. Description, features and types of stone crushers

The first patent for a stone crusher was received in 1877. The document was issued in Germany to a certain Mehler. He failed to bring his idea to life. Contemporaries use only Miler's single-rotor design.

It is presented, for example, in the Tornado rotary impact crusher from Verko Steel. Miler had several accelerators on one shaft.

The engineer assumed that the machine would be able to produce several fractions of stone at once. A complex scheme is unreliable, and therefore is not used. What kind of stone crusher meets the needs of our time, and what are its features?

Description and features of stone crushers

Crushing materials consumes about 10% of the world's energy. The data was provided by the industry resource "TBO" with reference to an article in the "Rossiyskaya Gazeta". A solid figure gives an understanding of how important stone grinding is.

The energy consumption for it largely depends on the given fraction and parameters of the raw material. There are soft, easily recyclable materials, for example, gypsum. Crushing dolomite or iron ore is much more difficult, and therefore more energy-consuming.

Crushed stone crusher

It is hardly possible to find a building material more in demand than crushed stone. It is part of concrete mortars and is used in laying road surfaces and landscaping areas. But getting cubic meters of durable stone, where all the grains have approximately the same size and shape, is not so easy. In addition to the fact that strong rocks need to be extracted from the bowels of the earth, they also need to be crushed to a certain fraction. And this requires equally durable crushing equipment.

All crushers and crushers of crushed stone are usually divided according to the class of stone size obtained at the output (mm):

Moreover, most designs can operate in any of the specified ranges - you just need to reconfigure the machine to get a new fraction at the output. There are also stationary and mobile models, but the former are used only at large enterprises developing thick rock deposits. At the same time, any mobile crusher for processing crushed stone, although inferior in productivity, can be used to crush small reserves and then transported to a new location.

Mobile equipment, as a rule, has a cone or jaw type - only they allow you to regulate the fractions of the source material and commercial products. If you frequently change the place of work and, accordingly, the characteristics of the crushed rocks, this is the optimal solution. A whole fleet of different types of crushers of considerable cost can be replaced by one universal machine.

Hammer crushers

Hammer crushers resemble rotary crushers. The material is crushed by rapidly alternating blows of hammers hinged on a rotating rotor. Hammer crushers crush medium-hard mineral material. They are used in the production of glass and building bricks, for crushing dry clay, coal, and broken bricks. Typically, such a crusher is light in weight and low in cost. There are single-rotor and double-rotor crushers.
Recently, reversible hammer crushers, in which the direction of shaft rotation can be changed, have become increasingly widespread. A significant disadvantage of hammer crushers is the rapid wear of the hammers and their use only for crushing low-abrasive rocks, large dust formation, and the lack of mechanisms to prevent breakdowns when uncrushable parts enter.

The advantages include a high degree of crushing, which avoids re-processing, low energy consumption and light weight, ease of design and maintenance.