How to correctly decipher the channel symbol

What is a channel

A channel is a metal beam with a U-shaped cross-section. The main method of its production is shaped metal. It is carried out using two technologies, so the assortment consists of two large groups:

• hot-rolled elements - GOST 8240-97;
• bent - according to standard 8278-83.

The hot-rolled profile has high strength levels and is resistant to mechanical deformation and bending. Therefore, this category is used in the construction of critical and load-bearing parts of the building.

Bend creates less strong channels, so they are not used as support. But their other features are no worse than the hot-rolled version, and their low weight and economical price can be very beneficial in practice.

These are not the only differences between the two methods. When choosing a part for a specific purpose, you need to take into account its parameters, raw materials for manufacturing, and type of design.

Channels

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels with shelf slopes

(GOST 8240-97)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass.

Designation:
GOST also provides for the following series:
P
- with parallel edges of shelves;
E
- economical with parallel edges of shelves;
L
- light series with parallel edges of shelves;
S
- special. U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels with parallel flange edges

(GOST 8240-97)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass.

Designation:
where,
B1
– rolling accuracy;
AO1 - especially high, A1, A2, A3 - high, B1 - increased, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 - normal; 2
— rental category;
depending on the standardized indicators, rental products are divided into categories from 1 to 7; 1GP
- surface quality group;
1GP - for use without surface treatment, 3GP - for cold machining by cutting, 2GP - for hot forming; w
- weldability;
with a guarantee of weldability. GOST also provides for the following series: U
- with a slope of the internal edges of the shelves;
E
- economical with parallel edges of shelves;
L
- light series with parallel edges of shelves;
S
- special. U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels with inclined flange edges for carriage building

(GOST 5267.1-90)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; Angle
—the angle of inclination of the shelves;
P
—profile mass.

Designation:
where,
325
- strength class;
265, 295, 325, 345, 375, 390; 2
- category; from 1 to 15 depending on the state standard of the material.

Assortment, dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight of one meter, reference values. maximum deviations in size, weight of one meter and geometric shape of profiles must comply with GOST 5267.1 - GOST 5267.13.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels with shelf slopes

(DIN 1026)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass.

Designation:
U 100 DIN 1026-St 37-2

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels OTUA

(UPN NF A 45-202)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels OTUA

(UPN-A NF A 45-202)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass;
Jt
is the moment of inertia during torsion.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels OTUA

(UAP NF A 45-255)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass;
Jt
is the moment of inertia during torsion.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels OTUA

(UAP-A NF A 45-255)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels standard profile

(UK)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass;
Wpy
is the plastic moment of resistance.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels C

(ASTM USA)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass;
Wpy
is the plastic moment of resistance.

U GOST 8240-97 - P GOST 8240-97 - GOST 5267.1-90 - DIN 1026 UPN NF A 45-202 - UPN-A NF A 45-202 - UAP NF A 45-255 - UAP-A NF A 45-255 UK - ASTM C - ASTM MC

Channels MC

(ASTM USA)
A

- cross-sectional area;
Jy-Jz
is the moment of inertia about the axis;
Wy
is the moment of resistance relative to the axis;
iy
is the radius of gyration relative to the axis;
Sy
is the static half-section moment rel.
y-axis; P
—profile mass;
Wpy
is the plastic moment of resistance.

Area of ​​use

We have already mentioned the use of channels in different types of construction. Their main task is to strengthen concrete structures, increase the strength and service life of the building. In addition, channels are used to reinforce power lines, bridges, industrial buildings, and structures.

The catalog contains perforated products. They are equipped with special holes necessary for the rapid installation of structures without electric welding. Also, between the channel shelves there may be pipes for supplying utilities and cable lines.

Aluminum channels are relevant for light parts of a building, such as internal partitions, showcases, and shelving.

Geometric indicators

The state standard regulates all sizes of rolled metal products, according to production technology. The main parameters are:

• thickness, wall height;
• rolling length;
• internal corner radius;
• shelf curvature radius;
• thickness, shelf width.

There is also a distribution according to the level of rolling accuracy:

• marking “A” - high accuracy;
• "B" - increased;
• "B" is normal.

What sizes are there?

The dimensions of our products are varied, they are determined by the manufacturer and production technology. Typically used standard sizes:

1. Element height. This is the name of the gap between parallel shelves, measured in millimeters. This parameter is in the range of 50-400 mm.
2. The width of the shelf is the distance from the outer corner of the part to the end of the parallel-installed edges. Sizes of 32-115 mm are allowed here.
3. Beam thickness. This indicator depends on the category, it can be 4.4 – 8 mm.
4. Shelf thickness. According to the product labeling, it is in the range of 7-13.5 mm.

A standard channel is no longer than 12 m. Note that there are elements on the market with a higher value, but they are usually made to order.

Main parameters of channel 12: dimensions, weight and cost

A metal product called channel 12 with parallel flanges has a body thickness of 7.8 mm and a wall thickness of 4.8 mm. Such products are produced in lengths from 2 to 12 m. Longer copies can be made to order. The popularity of this type of profile is due to its positive qualities, contained in the optimal ratio of weight, strength and relatively low cost.

Profiles made of low-alloy steel are subject to operation at high temperatures and under conditions of increased exposure to chemicals. Also, the products have excellent resistance to compression and bending, but at the same time have poor resistance to torsion.

The weight of 1 meter of channel 12 can be found using the table above or using an online calculator. The price of the product depends on this parameter. According to the table, the weight of channel 12 per 1 meter is 10.4 kg.

Channel 12 - drawing with dimensions according to GOST

Like channels of other sizes, this type of product has additional markings with different characteristics. The most popular is the 12P channel, which has parallel flanges with edges without slope.

The dimensions of the 12P channel are given below:

• width – 52 mm;
• linear meter weight – 10.40 kg;
• length in ton – 95.94 m.

The channel with mark 12 also has other series. For example, 12L is a rolled metal product with dimensions of 120x30 mm, characterized by inclined shelves. The weight of 1 m of such a profile is 5.02 kg, and the footage of 1 ton is 199 m.

Helpful advice! The marking of the channel 12C indicates its special purpose, 12E - an economical series of products with shelves without slope. Their size is standard - 120x52 mm, and their weight is slightly lower - 10.24 kg. Accordingly, a ton of material contains almost 97 m.

Together with the digital value indicating the width of the profile, a letter is placed indicating the structural features of the material

Weight of products

The indicator is based on several parameters:

• length;
• width;
• the material used;
• the thickness of the cross beam and parallel shelves.

Part 12P, made of aluminum alloy and steel, can have different weight categories with the same external characteristics. There are also multi-shelf products, when the side edges have different heights. Of course, you can calculate the weight of such products, but only using specific formulas.

Standard metal beams weigh 4.8-48.3 kg. According to modern GOST and European standards, a deviation of 6.5% is possible for each piece, if the difference in the mass of the entire batch is no more than 4%.

Determining the weight and price of a channel per meter: table of sizes, cost of profiles

Complex calculations of specific gravity, in addition to mathematical skills, also require updating the school course in physics and geometry. Therefore, it is better to use ready-made calculations given in special tables, or use an online calculator. To do this, just enter the necessary data and get an accurate result.

The cost of channels is determined in accordance with linear meters. The price formation is influenced by the profile height, which determines the product number, as well as the grade of steel from which the product is made. For example, a channel made from low-alloy steel will cost an order of magnitude more than similar products made from carbon steel. This is due to the fact that the first type of raw material has increased strength characteristics.

The current average prices for channels on the Russian rolled metal market are shown in the table:

Above is a general table. In order to have an idea about each type of channel, its individual features, sizes and characteristics, it is worth getting to know each type in more detail. Below, as an example, we will consider the most popular types and sizes of channels that are in high demand and widely used.

Channel materials

According to the required characteristics of the finished product, it can be produced from steel of different grades.

If hot rolled steel is used, the main raw materials are the following types of steel St3 (quiet and semi-quiet): 09G2S, 17G1S, 10KHSND, 15KHSND. The last two names are lighter than the others and more resistant to corrosion.

Bending is carried out from the following varieties: St3ps5, 09G2S, 08ps, 1ps, 2ps.

Since all of the above alloys are sensitive to corrosion, galvanizing is used when necessary. Due to it, the service life of parts is increased, especially those used in open space, under conditions of high humidity.

Channel design features

Metal products have different shelf sizes and also differ in the location of their internal edges.

In terms of dimensions, there are 2 types of edges: equal flanges or with flanges of different lengths. The first category is more popular.

The internal edges can be placed perpendicular to the wall and parallel to each other, or obliquely. It follows from this that the designation of the channel helps to find out its parameters:

1. The letter “P” is a rolled product with parallel edges.
2. The letter “U” denotes the inclined edges of the channel.

What other brands are there?

We have named the main indicators, the most current options, but there are 3 more brands of parts:

1. “E” (economical) - has thinner shelves and walls, is lightweight, and therefore inexpensive. The edges of its shelves are only parallel. If there is no need to support heavy structures, significant funds are saved on construction.
2. “L” (light) – similar in shape to the previous one. Manufactured according to GOST, the main raw materials are light metals, for example, aluminum.
3. “S” (special) - differs in its own dimensions, used in narrow areas: the construction of cars, cars (GOST 19425-74 and 5267.1-90).

Features of channel 16: dimensions, weight and cost

Channel 16 is widely used for strengthening large-sized structures such as bridges, supports, as well as when pouring the foundations of high-rise buildings. The technical features of a special series of rolled metal products provide for its use in mechanical engineering, carriage building and shipbuilding.

Related article:

Assortment of channels: the ratio of characteristics as a guarantee of reliability. Types, markings and characteristics of U-shaped rolled metal products. Requirements according to GOST, Gosstandart tables. Weight and dimensions of channels.

The main feature is the slope of the edges in the middle of the products, which gives increased bending strength and torsional stability. This product type has three series:

• 16P - used in installation work due to ease of installation;
• 16U – is resistant to vertical loads, which suggests its use in areas with increased seismic activity;
• 16L - due to its low weight, it is used for the construction of monolithic structures and in shipbuilding.

Depending on the design, channels have different purposes

All products comply with specific GOST:

• 8240-97 – hot-rolled channels;
• 8278-83 – cold-formed channels with equal flanges;
• 8281-80 – bent with unequal flanges.

The standard dimensions of channel 16 correspond to the following values:

• height – 160 mm;
• shelf width – 64 mm;
• wall thickness – 5 mm;
• shelf thickness – 8.4 mm.

The weight of channel 16 corresponds to 14.2 kg. There are about 70 m of rolled products in one ton. These indicators directly proportionally affect the pricing of steel profiles. For example, the average price of channel 16 per meter is 520 rubles. Products are produced in lengths from 2 to 12 m.

Helpful advice! The length of the product affects the ease of its transportation. That is why it is not practiced to produce channels longer than 12 m. At the same time, this is the length that is most popular, and special vehicle platforms are designed just for it.

The length of the channel can be different and most often starts from 2 m

Channel designation

Having considered the defining characteristics and parameters, we can take a closer look at the labeling. In accordance with the height of the wall, it can be located on a tag connected to a bundle (for parts up to 22 mm) or directly on the rental. According to the standard, it should be applied no closer than 30 cm from the end.

Products are stored, packaged, transported, and labeled only in accordance with special GOST 7566-94. The mark is written in the form of a fraction, and the name of the element is written to the left of it.

In the upper section the fractions are contained in order

• shelf dimensions in cm according to the assortment table in GOST;
• position of the edges;
• rolling accuracy level;
• standard according to which a specific product is manufactured.

The raw material data is presented at the bottom. From left to right it is written:

• metal grade;
• GOST alloy production.

For example, here: 30P-V GOST 8240-97/St3 sp4-1 GOST 535-88 we see a channel whose flange faces are parallel, with normal accuracy. The wall height is 30 cm. The rolling was carried out according to state standard 8240-97.

For production we used steel St3, semi-quiet, category 4, group 1, manufactured in accordance with GOST 535-88.

Bent channels are designated a little differently. Dimensions are written in the following form: height*width*thickness. These are followed by the element's accuracy level. For example, A100*50*3 GOST 8278-83/2-St 3sp GOST 11474-76.

Types of channels - classification, standards

According to the production method, the channel is divided into bent and hot-rolled profiles. A bent profile is obtained by cold profiling from a steel sheet blank (strip). In turn, a bent channel can be equal-flanged or unequal-flanged.

GOST 8278-83 regulates the range and maximum deviations of bent steel equal-flange channel. According to the requirements of this document, channel dimensions can be in the range from 25x26 to 410x65 with a thickness of 2 to 20 mm. The length of the bent profile, which is made from carbon, low-alloy steels, can range from 3 to 12 m.

GOST 8281-80 contains the range and value of maximum deviations of bent steel unequal-flange channel, which is made from ordinary quality grades and high-quality carbon steels, as well as low-alloy grades. Profile dimensions according to this document range from 32x22x12 to 300x80x40, thickness from 2 to 10 mm. The measured length of this profile is 4-11.8 meters.

GOST 8240-97 contains the range, classification and maximum deviations of the dimensions of hot-rolled channels for general and special purposes. The profile of this group can be 50 - 400 mm high. The channel number reflects the section height expressed in centimeters. According to this standard, the cross-section of a channel can have 2 types of profile: 1) with sloped edges (U and C series), 2) with parallel edges (P, E and L series). The width of the profile corresponds to the width of the shelf and can take a value of 32-115 mm. The marking of a channel, for example 10P, reflects its height and type of profile.

There are also highly specialized types of channels. Their shape and size are regulated by relevant standards.

GOST 21026-75 standardizes rolled products with bent flanges, which are used for the production of trolleys. They have only 2 standard sizes SP-10 and SP-12. GOST 5267.1-90 contains dimensions and reference characteristics of hot-rolled channels for railcar construction. The channel number according to the requirements of this standard can take values ​​from 8V to 30V-2. GOST 5422-73 contains the dimensions of hot-rolled profiles intended for tractors. According to the standard, profile No. 5 corresponds to a 24T channel, and profile No. 6 corresponds to 18T.

Calculation of mass and cost using the example of channel 10

The part with the designation 10 is a very popular version of rolled metal. Its varieties and types are regulated by GOST 8240, created in 1989. The properties of the beam include the dimensions of the shelves and walls, rounding radii with a mark of 10U.

This channel is presented in three subtypes:

• U - with a slope;
• P – with parallel edges;
• E - budget-friendly products with parallel shelves.

Attention!

Each type of product is designated differently - 10P, 10U or 10E; the listed values ​​are in a special table. The numbers are the same, but that doesn't mean the details are identical.

Most industries use the 10P option due to its compact dimensions. It is most suitable for load-bearing structures of individual construction. The number 10 indicates its height, which is 100 mm, and the letter P indicates the type of profile and placement of shelves. Main parameters of this type:

• width – 46 mm;
• wall thickness – 4.5 mm, shelf – 7.6 mm;
• curvature radius – 7 mm.
• The radius of the flange edge is 4 mm.

To calculate the weight, we need the cross-sectional area. It is equal to 10.9 cm square. The mass of 1 meter of metal beam with the designation 10 and a density of 7.85 g/cm³, according to calculations, is equal to 8.59 kg.

The permissible error is from 3 to 5%. The average price of one meter of such products is 365 rubles (2019).

Marking and designation of channel in accordance with GOST 8240

The height of the channel profile is approximately 1.5-3.5 times greater than the width.
The shape of its cross-section provides it with high levels of rigidity. This allows this type of rolled steel to be used in heavy engineering and construction, mainly for the manufacture of critical metal structures, as load-bearing elements of floors, frames of buildings and structures. In addition, many brands of channels are used in the automotive industry, carriage building, for the manufacture of supports, fences, gates, and for decorative purposes. The geometric parameters and dimensions of the channels of the P series (with parallel edges) and the U series (with a slope of internal edges) are the same, the main difference is only in the radii of curvature of the shelves.

The key parameter in marking and designation is height. Channel number = Height in mm / 10, or, in other words, equal to the height of the channel in cm.