Operation of the units is possible in conjunction with expansion switches. As for the negative resistance indicator, its value in the circuit can correspond to a value of 55 Ohms.
These devices are connected to the generator based on the type of electrical network into which the switch will be connected. connection of machines
In such modifications, copper conductors. Another feature: low output voltage, mainly V. Sometimes such switches complement counters.
Article Video In some cities, as well as in suburban areas, there is a problem with unstable electricity supply. A power supply rated B is used as an element connecting all available parts. At the network input, protection is installed in the form of a circuit breaker located in the metering panel.
How to divide electrical wiring into groups. DIY electrical wiring
Photos of an ABB reversing switch, photos of a changeover, modular switch.
Due to possible discrepancies in performance characteristics, reversing units are not used for single-phase circuits. Video Modern electrical circuits are switched by various devices produced in a wide range.
First of all, it is installed in residential buildings. Such devices are called two-position devices. By means of reversible blocks, the required current frequency is supported.
And this is how distribution boards are mainly installed - they have a circuit breaker installed at each input.
A DIN rail can also be used here to accommodate modular protective equipment.
It is also important to remember that for this device it is necessary to use only expansion type switches. The dimensions of the shield are selected according to the number of installed modules. Circuit breakers - polarity and connection diagrams
More on the topic: Measuring loop resistance phase zero
Changeover type circuit breaker
All the changeover switches presented above have one drawback - they require the presence of a person to manipulate the switching circuits. This is inconvenient, especially when the central power supply is lost frequently and unpredictably. Therefore, a changeover circuit breaker was developed. More precisely, this is a whole block called automatic transfer of reserve (ATS).
ATS is a complex design, but craftsmen assemble such systems from relatively inexpensive relay devices (contactors). Models with normally closed and open contacts are used for this.
When using a homemade changeover switch, the connection diagram works according to a certain principle. For example, if there is central supply electricity in the line, then a relay with normally open contacts closes the circuit with the load. The relay with normally closed contacts, where the generator is connected, is open in this case. As soon as the current is lost, the combination is reversed and the network begins to power the generator.
Double pole switch
This is perhaps the main advantage of devices of this type.
This is the main property of such devices, allowing them to perform quite specific tasks. The reversing unit maintains the required current frequency. When choosing changeover switches for a generator, you must take into account that they are used in a single-phase network. At possible low temperatures beyond the permissible limits, a heating system for the cabinet should be provided in advance.
This is the most suitable option for use in two-phase circuits. The entire electrical network is divided into two parts. Its distinctive feature is a special system of blockers.
In contrast to the automatic switching on of the reserve - ATS, with the help of a reversible changeover switch, the reserve is manually switched on. In addition, units manufactured in an expansion version are common. Before installing products in residential premises, you need to make sure that KK series panels, etc., are installed in them.
Installation recommendations
Modular devices usually have 2 inputs and 2 outputs. If the generator cannot cope with the power supply to the entire area of the room, you will need to install a more complex switch circuit.
Such switches or switches are called multi-section or multi-pole. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid installing them in residential buildings with high energy consumption.
Two-phase network How to connect a switch with your own hands if the network is two-phase? Another distinctive feature of single-pole switches is the low output voltage. Reversing switch switch Hager SF263 for connecting a generator - review
Specifications
Characteristic designation structure
All reversing circuit breakers have the following basic technical parameters:
- rated current indicators - from 16 to 3,200 A;
- number of poles – from 1 to 4;
- permissible operating temperature – no more than -40 degrees to +55;
- cable cross-section – from 0.75 to 35 mm2;
- installation type - din rail or mounting plate.
Some models additionally have a control knob.
Connection diagrams
Three-phase network For this type of electrical network, reversible switches are used. When choosing reversing blocks for connecting switches, you can give preference to modifications that can be equipped with both a controller and a resonator.
The dimensions of the shield are selected according to the number of installed modules. Using changeover devices in different networks Each changeover switch of one type or another can only be used in an electrical circuit with certain parameters. The output current is supplied through special devices, the role of which will be played by pass capacitors.
The output current is supplied through a special device, the role of which is performed by pass-through capacitors.
In this case, when choosing control units, be sure to make sure that they have a thyristor base. To avoid distortion of the switch legs, inspect the bolts that secure the switch to the crossbar and, if necessary, tighten them. Irregular switching time.
What is a switch
In order to switch the supply network to the generator network, it is necessary to install a changeover switch in the distribution board according to a certain diagram. It should be borne in mind that such units are best used for generators with operating rates of no more than 20 Hz. Modular versions, as a rule, have two inputs and two outputs, so the two outputs are connected to each other in parallel by jumpers and connected to the distribution panel.
As for the negative resistance indicator, its value in the circuit can correspond to a value of 55 Ohms. In this particular case, the switch is three-pole. A power supply rated B is used in the form of an element connecting all available parts.
Operation of the changeover switch will be safe if you follow the installation rules and recommendations of specialists: It is better to use a closed room for installation and further work. Take a look at the diagram: Electrical diagram of a two-position switch. Here is a classic two-position switch with three contacts.
Single-module modifications are also offered on the markets. For industrial enterprises, devices are installed only if the input power is small. The procedure for connecting the device itself is performed using an inverting input. Contact systems are only applicable to closed type models. How to properly connect an RCD
Switch design
Installation of a reversing circuit breaker in a distribution panel
The reversing circuit breaker has the form of a box with a blade built-in contact system and spring brackets. When closing the first, metal blades enter the brackets. Thanks to this operating principle, contact rupture under its own weight is eliminated. There is a smooth redistribution of electricity from one line to another.
You can fix the switch on the wall in any position - horizontally, vertically and even diagonally. This does not affect its performance.
Single-phase generator for three-phase network.
Consult specialists. There is a three-phase network in a country house, but sometimes there are outages for 5-8 hours. There is a task to provide power to several consumers - three refrigerators, a pump, a septic tank, a water heater (storage), light. The trouble is that these consumers are scattered into different phases, and there is no point in buying a three-phase generator, because firstly, there is not a single three-phase consumer, and secondly, it is expensive. I would like to use one lever to switch to the gene during a power outage, so that all phases can be closed to one. The generator will have a manual start, if anything... but the main thing is that when the network is turned on, the housewife herself unmistakably turns it on properly. Tell me how to implement this more safely.
MIB wrote: There is a task to provide power to several consumers - three refrigerators, a pump, a septic tank, a water heater (storage), light.
We are silent about the other.
MIB wrote: The trouble is that these consumers are scattered into different phases
it's not a problem it's so nada
MIB wrote: there is no point in buying a three-phase generator, because firstly there is not a single three-phase consumer, and secondly it is expensive.
but much more powerful than single-phase, you will decide what you need more - electricity or chug-puff. In principle, it is possible to short-circuit the phases, but what is the total power consumption?
MIB wrote: because firstly there is not a single three-phase consumer
Then, indeed, you can get by with single-phase. With power, yes, you need to decide. You can switch it with a changeover switch, preferably 4 poles, if you can find one. Like these » >
I solved the same problem in the workshop at work - three-phase input, frequent shutdowns for “prevention”, from 10 to 18 hours. If there are no three-phase consumers (motors, transformers, which is of course rare in a private home, stabilizers!), then you can use a reversing switch from ABB » > or » > depending on the allocated power. Connect a three-phase input to one group, combine the second group of contacts and connect to the generator. When using these switches, the possibility of the generator operating on the network or in conjunction with the network is completely excluded.
3KW, maximum 3.5KW, so I don’t see the point in a three-phase generator, after all, emergency power supply for the most necessary things. Moreover, you can sacrifice a water heater .. and generally get by with 2.5 kW (with a margin).
2Merlin666 I'm trying to find a diagram of how the reversing switch works - does it simply cut the network and close all the phases together?
no, it has two three-phase inputs and one three-phase output. The switch has three handle positions - in the first position the first group of phases is connected to the output, the second position is zero (the output is not connected anywhere), the third position is the second group of phases is connected to the output. To work, connect the wires that you now have as input to the output, connect the input that you had to the first group of contacts on the switch, in the second group of contacts, connect all the contacts to each other, and connect one of the generator outputs to these contacts , which will now be a phase. Connect the second terminal of the generator to the neutral bus.
By the way, be sure to look in the instructions to see if you have an inverter generator; if it’s just synchronous or asynchronous, then that’s it - I’m just not sure whether the inverter generator will work normally with a solidly grounded neutral.
In normal mode - the switch is in position 1 - all consumers work from the network; when you turn off the power, you start the generator, warm it up, and use the switch to switch the input to it. Alright, turn off the generator and switch the input back to the network. The most important thing here is protection from the “fool”; even if you switch the switch while the generator is running or there is electricity in the network, there will be no consequences. The same problem can be solved using load switches, in principle, it will be 10 times cheaper, but the circuit will not be foolproof at all.
Device installation
Connection diagram for a reversing switch in a distribution panel
Regardless of which machine is connected - a single-phase reversing switch for a home or a two-, three-, four-phase one, when installing it, you should adhere to the following rules:
- Installation of the device is carried out only in enclosed spaces. Moisture must not enter the device box. If the installation is carried out outdoors, it is necessary to protect the switch with a sealed box-box. It must be locked.
- It is allowed to mount the device at temperatures from -40 to +55 degrees.
- The relay is fixed according to all the rules. Free movement of the mechanism when acting on it is not allowed.
- If the recommended operating temperature range cannot be maintained, the safety cabinet must be heated or cooled.
- The connection of a three-phase, two-, one- or four-phase reversing switch is carried out using a wire wire crimped with a sleeve, a busbar or wires with a central core.
Installation of the reversing switch according to the diagram must be carried out by an experienced electrician who has permission to perform this type of work. Otherwise, emergency situations cannot be ruled out. Installation of the relay (reverse) is carried out only when the network is completely de-energized.
Selection of electric generator
A home power plant consists of an internal combustion engine and a rotating generator that produces electricity. The most common are four-stroke models with a maximum speed of 3 thousand revolutions. The volume of the fuel tank in domestic models is 10-15 liters. The main selection criterion should be the area of use. Generators can act as the main source of energy, but more often they are a reserve in an emergency.
When choosing, you should pay attention to some parameters:
When connecting, it is important to ensure the coordinated operation of 3 elements:
- home network - consumer;
- centralized supply chain;
- cable from the reserve.
Before connecting, determine the following points:
- safe and economical location of the electric generator;
- frequency of power failures in the general network, need for automation;
- calculated power consumption taking into account reserve and losses.
A suitable connection diagram must be provided.
Automation of electrification requires a lot of financial investments and regular qualified maintenance. For an individual home, the gentlest mode would be manual connection. It makes sense to use partial automation in the form of semi-automatic machines - their cost is not high. However, with any choice, the system must be periodically monitored.
A continuous supply of energy is quite expensive; a private home rarely needs such provision. Important consumers of electricity, such as a computer, can be connected to an uninterruptible power supply.
AVR system
Organizing an automatic launch costs significantly more than a manual one. However, it does not cancel external control - starting the internal combustion engine involves controlling the throttle valve. As previously noted, the engine must be warmed up after starting. Some owners use partial automation - the main power is connected through a contactor. When the input is disabled, it opens. The next step requires you to manually start the generator. It has a built-in relay for warming up and automatically switching the home network to a backup source. When electricity appears in the main network, the contactor is turned off, and the load goes to the general network. With full automation of power supply, the reserve has microprocessor regulation of the generator operation.
Generator connection
The generator must be well protected from moisture. For this purpose, use a separate room or canopy. When installed indoors, exhaust gas must be provided. The electric generator is installed after the meter, otherwise you will have to pay for the energy you generate yourself. A backup source can be used to top up during peak loads. It is necessary to choose the right installation scheme to avoid unnecessary expenses.
Unstable power supply leads to the problem of how to connect the generator to the home network. You should choose simple and safe schemes. A generator with an internal combustion engine will be a convenient source of energy. The equipment is easy to transport and use, its cost is not high. To correctly select the optimal circuit, you will need to know the features of the device and switching equipment.
To be able to switch electricity to the necessary devices, special devices are installed - changeover switches. An important part of their design are blockers. There are different versions of such devices on the market; they are distinguished primarily by their performance characteristics.
Generator, electrical network and automatic heating boiler
A standard generator, designed according to the classical scheme, produces a sawtooth sine wave of the mains voltage, so it is advisable to use an inverter generator for a heating boiler that produces voltage in the form of a pure sine wave (wave). The frequency from a conventional generator is generated with a value different from the industrial frequency of the alternating voltage network of 50 Hz. The voltage is also different from the standard 220V voltage. And many, for example, gas heating boilers require voltage with a clearly defined neutral and phase, while in conventional generators there is no clear phase.
To ensure a high-quality connection of the heating boiler from the generator, it is necessary to use a UPS, and it is better if it has a double converter. It is possible to install a power source with built-in batteries or an accumulator, in which case the UPS will act as an AC converter, which will allow the user to gain a few minutes to start the generator and maintain continuous operation of the heating boiler. The same generator can be used as a battery charger.
The boiler and the circulation pump, its presence in the heating network is necessary, will not fail after power is supplied from the generator, but this probability is nevertheless present, it always increases with periodic use of the generator to power the boiler.
Fig. No. 3. Connection diagram of a heating gas boiler from a generator via a UPS.
An ideal option for an on-line type UPS. Its advantages:
- Voltage to the heating system will be supplied continuously.
- The heating boiler has a clearly marked neutral and phase, this is necessary for boilers with a combustion sensor.
- The voltage sine wave has a pure appearance.
- Excellent network voltage stabilization, the UPS copes with the task of protecting against high-frequency pulses and interference from welding equipment.
- Ability to cope with increased quality of mains voltage without a voltage stabilizer.
- Increasing battery life up to several days, especially if you install high-capacity batteries.
Safety rules required to be followed when operating a generator feeding a heating boiler.
