5 starter connection diagrams, connection diagram via start-stop buttons

MP connection diagram

A popular scheme for connecting a magnetic starter via a push-button post.
The main circuit has two parts:

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Three pairs of power contacts direct electrical power to electrical equipment.
A graphical representation of the control, which consists of a coil, buttons and additional contactors that take part in the operation of the coil or prevent erroneous activation.

The most common wiring diagram is with one device. It's the easiest thing to deal with. To connect its main parts, you need to take a three-core cable and a pair of open contactors when the device is turned off.

Scheme with connecting a 220 volt coil

Will analyze a design with a voltage of 220 volts. If the voltage is 380 volts, you need to connect a different type of phase instead of the blue zero. In this situation, black or red. In case of blocking of the contactor, the fourth pair is taken, which works with 3 power pairs. They are located at the top, but the side ones are located on the side.

Pairs of power contactors are supplied with 3 phases A, B and C from the machine. To turn on when you touch the “Start” button, it is necessary that the voltage be equal to 220 V on the core, which will help the movable contactors connect with those that are stationary. The circuit will begin to close; to disconnect it, you need to disconnect the coil.

To assemble the control circuit, you need to connect one phase directly to the core, and connect the second phase using a wire to the start contact.

From the 2nd contactor we lay 1 more wire through the contacts to the other open contact of the “Start” button. A blue jumper is also made from it for the closed contactor of the “Stop” button; a zero from the electrical supply is connected to the 2nd contactor.

Working principle

The operating principle is simple. If you press the “Start” button, its contacts begin to close and a voltage of 220 volts flows to the core - it triggers the main and side contacts and an electromagnetic flux occurs. If the button is released, the contactors of the start button open, but the device is still turned on, since zero is transmitted to the coil through the closed blocking contacts.

In order to turn off the MP, you need to break the zero by opening the contacts of the “Stop” button. Again the device will not turn on, because the zero will be broken. To turn it on again, you will need to click “Start”.

How to connect a thermal relay?

You can also make a single-line graphic drawing of the connection of a three-phase electric motor to a magnetic starter via a relay.

Between the MP and an asynchronous electric motor, a relay is connected in series, which is selected depending on the specific type of motor. This device protects the motor from breakdowns and emergency conditions (for example, when one of the three phases disappears).

The relay is connected to the output from the MP to the electric motor, electricity passes through it in a series manner through the heating of the relay to the electric motor. On top of the relay there are additional contactors, which are combined with the coil.

Relay operation

Thermal relay heaters are designed for the maximum current that passes through them. When the current rises to unsafe limits for the motor, the heaters turn off the MP.

Installation of starters inside an electrical panel

The design of the MP allows installation in the middle of the electrical panel. But there are rules that apply to all devices. To ensure high reliability of operation, it is necessary that the installation be made on an almost straight and solid plane. Moreover, it is located vertically on the wall of the electrical panel. If there is a thermal relay in the design, then it is necessary that the temperature difference between the MP and the electric motor be as small as possible.

Connecting the motor via starters

Irreversible magnetic starter

If it is not necessary to change the direction of rotation of the engine, then the control circuit uses two non-fixed spring-loaded buttons: one in the normal position is open - “Start”, the other is closed - “Stop”. As a rule, they are manufactured in a single dielectric housing, and one of them is red. Such buttons usually have two pairs of contact groups - one normally open, the other closed. Their type is determined during installation work visually or using a measuring device.

The control circuit wire is connected to the first terminal of the closed contacts of the Stop button. Two wires are connected to the second terminal of this button: one goes to any of the closest open contacts of the “Start” button, the second is connected to the control contact on the magnetic starter, which is open when the coil is turned off. This open contact is connected by a short wire to the controlled terminal of the coil.

The second wire from the “Start” button is connected directly to the terminal of the retractor coil. Thus, two wires must be connected to the controlled “pull-in” terminal – “direct” and “blocking”.

At the same time, the control contact closes and, thanks to the closed “Stop” button, the control action on the retractor coil is fixed. When the Start button is released, the magnetic starter remains closed. Opening the contacts of the “Stop” button causes the electromagnetic coil to be disconnected from the phase or neutral and the electric motor is turned off.

Reversing magnetic starter

To reverse the motor, two magnetic starters and three control buttons are required. Magnetic starters are installed next to each other. For greater clarity, let’s conditionally mark their supply terminals as 1–3–5, and those to which the motor is connected as 2–4–6.

For a reversible control circuit, the starters are connected as follows: terminals 1, 3 and 5 with the corresponding numbers of the adjacent starter. And the “output” contacts are crosswise: 2 from 6, 4 from 4, 6 from 2. The wire feeding the electric motor is connected to three terminals 2, 4, 6 of any starter.

With a cross connection scheme, simultaneous operation of both starters will result in a short circuit. Therefore, the conductor of the “blocking” circuit of each starter must first pass through the closed control contact of the adjacent one, and then through the open one of its own. Then turning on the second starter will cause the first one to turn off and vice versa.

Not two, but three wires are connected to the second terminal of the closed “Stop” button: two “blocking” and one supplying the “Start” button, connected in parallel to each other. With this connection scheme, the “Stop” button turns off any of the connected starters and stops the electric motor.

The difference between a magnetic starter and a contactor

Often, when selecting a switching device, confusion arises between magnetic starters (MF) and contactors. These devices, despite their similarity in many characteristics, are still different concepts. A magnetic starter combines a number of devices; they are connected in one control unit.

The MP may include several contactors, plus protective devices, special attachments, and control elements. All this is enclosed in a housing that has some degree of moisture and dust protection. These devices are mainly used to control the operation of asynchronous motors.

The maximum voltage with which the magnetic starter operates depends on the electromagnetic inductor. There are MFs of small ratings - 12, 24, 110 V, but most often they are used at 220 and 380 V

A contactor is a monoblock device with a set of functions provided for by a specific design. While starters are used in quite complex circuits, contactors are mainly found in simple circuits.

Design features

Depending on the number of controlled electricity consumers, the posts can be two-button ("Start" and "Stop" pushers) and multi-button. In addition, when performing electrical and electrical work, single buttons are used, which the user can independently install on any control panel.

Push-button stations are mounted in a plastic or metal case that has mounting holes for installing the fittings in a place convenient for use. A separate group consists of push-button stations designed to control hoists (PKT series), beam cranes and overhead cranes with ground control.

The main functional element of the device that starts, stops or switches the modes of the electricity consumer is a push button - an electrical switching fixture with manual control.

Today, control panels use two types of pushers:

With self-return, in which the button returns to its original state due to a return spring installed on the pusher on the bottom side.
Pushers with position fixation (self-holding), which close the contact and hold it until pressed again.

The most common is a two-button starting valve, the design of which is shown in Fig. 2. The remote control consists of a housing 1 and a front panel 2, which are connected to each other by screws 3. The buttons are painted in different colors and control a pair of contacts located inside the housing.

In the free state of the “Start” button, its pair of contacts is open, while the “Stop” button, on the contrary, is closed. When you press the start button, its contacts close.

There are a huge number of switching schemes for various electrical systems and devices with just two buttons. However, most of them do not provide direct voltage supply to the consumer, but through the contacts of a magnetic starter, which are designed for high currents and voltages.

The pushers themselves have different shapes and colors, which in fittings produced in Russia are usually reflected in their symbol.

According to their shape, pushers are divided into:

By pusher color:

Stop buttons are usually colored red (“R”) or yellow (“G”);
“Start” pushers can be black (“B”), blue (“C”), green (“Z”) or white (“B”).

Device and design

simple post scheme

The standard push-button control station has the following design features:

Each of the buttons does not have a fixed position.
The “Start” button is usually painted green, and sometimes even backlit when turned on; it also has normally wired contacts; it itself is used to activate the operation of a particular mechanism.
The “Stop” button is usually red and is located on closed contacts. Due to this, the supplied voltage is removed from the device and its operation is suspended.
In addition , push-button control stations can have a metal or plastic body. Each of them has its own level of protection. They are allowed to be used in devices intended for distribution purposes, as well as in the automation of most industrial systems.
The push-button station is the basis of the design of most remote controls; it is directly involved in turning the equipment on or off, and acts in an emergency.

If the equipment is dangerous to human life or health, similar devices are produced with an increased degree of protection. The connection diagram in this case is much more reliable, and the remote control itself can be connected to various devices.

Often, the installation is controlled from 2 points. As a rule, this is caused by a certain production need. Typically, various electric motors operate using this technology, but other equipment can also operate.

The principle of operation of a magnetic starter and a small-sized contactor + Video explanation

Sometimes the question arises: why use MP or KM at all, why not just use a three-pole machine?

The machine is designed for up to 10 thousand shutdowns and starts, and for MP and KM this figure is measured in millions
During power surges, the MP (KM) will turn off the line, playing the role of protection
The machine cannot be controlled by remotely applying a small voltage
The machine will not be able to perform additional functions of turning on and off additional circuits (for example, signal circuits) due to the lack of additional contacts

In a word, the machine perfectly copes with its main function of protection against short circuits and overvoltages, and MP and PM do theirs.

That's all, I think that the principle of operation of MP and CM is clear, for a more clear explanation, see the video.

Happy and safe installation!

In addition to the article, I attach technical documentation for KMI series contactors

Cost indicators

The cost of Russian push-button posts is quite low and depends primarily on the number of buttons, category of placement and climatic design. Devices in a metal case are slightly more expensive than analogues installed in a plastic case.

For example, the price of two-button devices “PKE-222-2” is in the range of 250.0...280.0 rubles. A similar device with a mushroom-shaped “Stop” button will cost a little more – 380.0 rubles.

The price of one-button posts does not exceed 150 rubles. The six-button telpher remote control “PKT-60” costs 300.0 rubles. A device with a similar number of buttons and electrical parameters, equipped with a key (“foolproof”), will cost 200.0 rubles more.

Start button.

As a result, the contacts are closed. There are two types of MF with contacts: Normally closed - power supply to the load is turned off at the moment the starter is triggered. For example, if the electric motor is 1.5 kW.

While some machine, such as a sawing machine, was operating, the voltage in the network was lost. What series of starter are you demonstrating in the video??? The reversing starter must have mechanical protection against simultaneous activation of its two halves.

They are located at the top of the starter housing. Power is supplied to the device through contacts located on the top of the MP housing.

They have 2 pairs of contacts. It is often used in practice, noting its high reliability. When controlling the machine's electric motor using a magnetic starter, the machine will not turn on until the "Start" button is pressed. Start stop, connecting a magnetic starter

How does the starter work?

In the standby state, the control circuit is de-energized, the contacts of the starting device are held at a short distance by springs.

The principle of operation of the starter is as follows.

After pressing the start button, current flows through the coil winding, and a magnetic field appears around it, reinforced by the magnetic circuit.
This part of the starter acts as an electromagnet: It attracts the moving part of the core along with the contacts.
When the button is released, the control circuit does not open, the electromagnet reliably holds the contacts of the supply circuit in the closed state, and the engine runs.

When the shutdown button is activated, the throttle control circuit opens, the magnetization of the magnetic circuit decreases, and the springs open the contacts.

220 volt coil: connection diagrams

To control the operation of the magnetic starter, only two buttons are used - the “Start” button and the “Stop” button. Their design can be different: in a single housing or in separate housings.

Buttons can be in the same housing or in different ones

Buttons produced in separate housings have only 2 contacts, and buttons produced in one housing have 2 pairs of contacts. In addition to the contacts, there may be a terminal for connecting the ground, although modern buttons are produced in protected cases that do not conduct electric current. Push-button stations in a metal case for industrial needs are also produced, which are highly impact resistant. As a rule, they are grounded.

Connection to 220 V network

Connecting a magnetic starter to a 220 V network is the simplest, so it makes sense to start familiarizing yourself with these circuits, of which there may be several.

A voltage of 220 V is supplied directly to the coil of the magnetic starter, which are designated as A1 and A2, which are located in the upper part of the housing, as can be seen from the photo.

Connecting a contactor with a 220 V coil

When a regular 220 V plug with a wire is connected to these contacts, the device will start working after the plug is plugged into a 220 V socket.

Using power contacts, it is permissible to turn on/off an electrical circuit for any voltage, as long as it does not exceed the permissible parameters indicated in the product passport. For example, you can apply battery voltage (12 V) to the contacts, with which a load with an operating voltage of 12 V will be controlled.

It should be noted that it does not matter which contacts the single-phase control voltage is supplied to, in the form of “zero” and “phase”. In this case, the wires from contacts A1 and A2 can be swapped, which will not affect the operation of the entire device. It is quite natural that such a connection circuit is used extremely rarely, since it requires direct voltage supply to the coil of the magnetic starter

In this case, there are many options for switching on, using a time relay or a twilight sensor, connecting, for example, street lighting to power contacts. The main thing is that the “phase” and “zero” are nearby

It is quite natural that such a switching circuit is used extremely rarely, since it requires direct voltage supply to the coil of the magnetic starter. In this case, there are many options for switching on, using a time relay or a twilight sensor, connecting, for example, street lighting to power contacts. The main thing is that the “phase” and “zero” are nearby.

Using the Start and Stop buttons

Basically, magnetic starters are involved in the operation of electric motors. Without the presence of the “Start” and “Stop” buttons, such work is associated with a number of difficulties. This is primarily due to the operating characteristics of electric motors, which are often located at a considerable distance. The buttons are connected to the coil circuit in series, as in the figure below.

Switching diagram of a magnetic starter with buttons

This method is characterized by the fact that the magnetic starter will be in working condition as long as the “Start” button is pressed, which is very inconvenient. In this regard, the circuit includes additional (BC) contacts of the magnetic starter, which duplicate the operation of the “Start” button. When the magnetic starter is turned on, they close, so after releasing the “Start” button, the circuit remains operational. They are designated in the diagram as NO (13) and NO (14).

Connection diagram for a magnetic starter with a 220 V coil and a self-retaining circuit

You can turn off running equipment only using the “Stop” button, which breaks the electrical power supply circuit of the magnetic starter and the entire circuit. If the circuit provides other protection, for example, thermal, then if it is triggered, the circuit will also be inoperable.

Power for the motor is taken from the T contacts, and power is supplied to the magnetic starter contacts, designated L.

This video explains in detail and shows in what order all the wires are connected. In this example, a button (button post) is used, made in one housing. As a load, you can connect a measuring device, an ordinary incandescent lamp, a household appliance, etc., operating from a 220 V network.

How to connect a magnetic starter. Connection diagram.

Watch this video on YouTube

Protection methods

Magnetic starters serve not only to connect and disconnect loads, but also to protect motors. Two things are dangerous for three-phase AC motors:

Short circuit (no matter to the body, between windings or interturn). Phase imbalance or loss of one or two of them.

A thermal relay helps combat the first phenomenon. Its main element is a bimetallic plate. When cold it has one shape, when heated it has another shape. A working current is passed through it, going to an electric motor that heats it. The stronger the current, the more it heats up. To prevent the plate from changing its shape ahead of time, it is deformed.

Through the insulating material, a movable normally closed contact is attached to it, which is included in the control circuit of the MP coil. When the current exceeds, the plate changes its shape and opens the contact, which leads to the operation of the MP and stopping the engine. In total, two such relays are installed per MP, one per phase. The third phase will in any case be connected with these two.

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The stationary part is fixed to the body, and the movable part is not fixed. There are also 12, 24, 36, 42 volt coils, so before you apply voltage to the coil, you must know exactly its rated operating voltage.

The easiest way is to consider them separately to make it easier to understand the principle of organizing the circuit. This means that the three-pole circuit breaker must be set to 3 or 4A.

Certain minor adjustments will be made for the power circuit. If there are special safety requirements and high humidity in the room, it is possible to use a starter with a 24-12 volt coil. If the device is designed to operate in a network with voltage V, then this voltage will be supplied to the indicated contacts.

You are right. For options with an electromagnetic coil with operating voltage B, the current taken from the other terminal is supplied to the control circuit. Who will hold the well with his hand all the time? When a wire with a plug is connected to them, the device is connected to the network.

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Supports operation in a network with alternating or direct voltage. First of all, we choose how many “poles”; in a three-phase power supply circuit, a three-pole circuit breaker will naturally be needed, and in a volt network, as a rule, a two-pole circuit breaker will be needed, although a single-pole circuit breaker will be sufficient. What series of starter are you demonstrating in the video??? As a result, the contacts are closed.

If you transfer the phases on the corresponding contacts, you can easily achieve this effect from any motor device. For example, the PKI prefix.

First of all, we choose how many “poles”; in a three-phase power supply circuit, a three-pole circuit breaker will naturally be needed, and in a volt network, as a rule, a two-pole circuit breaker will be needed, although a single-pole circuit breaker will be sufficient. For example, for a 4kW motor, you can install a 10A automatic.

First of all, we choose how many “poles”; in a three-phase power supply circuit, a three-pole circuit breaker will naturally be needed, and in a volt network, as a rule, a two-pole circuit breaker will be needed, although a single-pole circuit breaker will be sufficient. A rigid spring is installed inside the coil on the central core, which prevents the contacts from connecting when the device is off. Reversible connection diagram for a magnetic starter

General technical characteristics and description of the push-button station

Returning to the photo of the push-button post, it is worth noting its rather massive body. According to GOST, “correct” push-button posts are made not of plastic, but of a special material called carbolite.

Carbolite is a synthetic dielectric, a type of cast technical phenolic plastic. It has high strength and high electrical insulation. Thanks to this, it has become widespread in the electrical industry. If only specialists have to deal with push-button stations, then everyone has seen electric meters with carbolite housings.

For information, dielectrics of synthetic origin include not only carbolite, but also getinax and textolite.

Returning to the push-button posts, thanks to the carbolite body, the post can operate in AC electrical circuits with voltages up to 600-690 Volts, DC up to 440 Volts.

How to install a button yourself instead of the ignition switch with aliexpress

If you nevertheless set out to equip your iron horse with such a device, it’s time to get acquainted with the features of its installation. At the moment, there are several ways to install the start-stop button. Let's consider the most common and fairly simple method.

To bring this idea to life, we will need a minimum set of components from Aliexpress, which includes:

four-pin relays;
connecting wires;
diode;
the actual start-stop button.

Once all the components have been found, it’s time to start installing the system itself.

At this stage, it is important to adhere to a certain sequence of actions. This approach will save you from all sorts of unwanted surprises, which in the future can result in serious problems

The installation algorithm involves the following steps:

the positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive contact of the relay;
the enabling “+” relay is also connected to the battery;
the negative terminal is mounted to the ground of the car;
the control contacts of the load relay are connected to 12V;
the control negative output is connected to the corresponding output of the button;
the enabling positive signal remains unconnected.

The presented installation diagram differs from all others in its ease of implementation and should not cause difficulties even for a novice car enthusiast.

What is included in the package, tools and consumables

It would not be superfluous to mention the completeness of the device in question. Due to the fact that currently there is an abundance of all kinds of analogues and modifications

given device, it is important to choose the most suitable one

It often happens that, due to his lack of awareness, a car enthusiast, ordering a “start-stop” button on various trading platforms, falls for the tricks of scammers or simply unscrupulous sellers

That is why it is important to know which consumables should be included with this device.

So, the complete set of delivery assumes the presence of:

the “start-stop” button itself;
control module;
connecting wires with connectors.

However, the standard package does not allow you to assemble a working circuit for this device. To do this you will need to buy several more relays.

Connection diagram

To connect the device to the car, you must follow a specific connection diagram. We bring to your attention one of these schemes with a detailed explanation of the operation of key elements.

Here's another diagram, maybe it will be easier to navigate.

How to connect the device correctly

When installing a button, it is extremely important to avoid making mistakes when connecting one or another node. To do this, you must be guided by the above diagram

It is also worth noting that one diagram will not be enough to carry out the button installation procedure. In this case we are talking about various kinds of accompanying actions. Let's look at them in more detail.

Before implementing the planned project, you will have to perform some actions, namely:

remove the ignition switch;
remove the steering wheel lock mechanism;
disconnect the underwater leads;
remove the immobilizer antenna;
install the button in the most suitable place for yourself;
connect underwater wires.

After carrying out the above actions, the stage of checking the system for operability follows. If you follow the instructions supplied with the device, such a procedure should not cause serious difficulties.

Video on connecting the Start-Stop button

To get acquainted with the installation of the presented device, we invite you to watch a video dedicated to the topic in question.

In it you will find useful information that will help save you from all sorts of troubles at all stages of system assembly.

220 volt coil: connection diagrams

Buttons can be in the same housing or in different ones

Connection to 220 V network

Connecting a magnetic starter to a 220 V network is the simplest, so it makes sense to start familiarizing yourself with these circuits, of which there may be several.

A voltage of 220 V is supplied directly to the coil of the magnetic starter, which are designated as A1 and A2, which are located in the upper part of the housing, as can be seen from the photo.

Connecting a contactor with a 220 V coil

When a regular 220 V plug with a wire is connected to these contacts, the device will start working after the plug is plugged into a 220 V socket.

Connection Instructions

The easiest connection option is through a button. In this case, you need to act as shown in the video:

In an example with an engine it looks like this:

You can connect the motor using a reverse circuit as follows:

Using this principle, you can independently connect the device to a 220 and 380 volt network. We hope that our instructions for connecting a magnetic starter with diagrams and detailed video examples were clear and useful for you!

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Source: samelectrik.ru