How to distinguish a drill for metal from wood | What are the differences between drills?

What do twist drills for metal look like and how do they differ from models for woodworking?

Twist drills for metal look like this.

Photo No. 1: Twist drills for metal

Note! Twist drills for metal, which are most often used in everyday life, can be drilled into wood. For example, if you need to make holes in chipboard or plywood, then the available tools will do just fine. If you need to perform a large number of drilling jobs, for example, on fresh large-section timber, then special spiral drills for wood are better suited.

The main feature of their work is that the tools cut off wood fibers with their side edges. The process goes much faster, and the drills do not overheat.

Recommendations

• If the color is steel gray, then no treatment was carried out.
• If the color is black, it means the drill was treated to harden it using superheated steam.
• If the color is golden, it means the drill has been tempered to relieve internal stress.
• If it is bright gold in color, then a layer of titanium nitride was applied to the surface of the drill to strengthen the tool and extend its service life.

Also, when choosing a drill for metal, concrete and wood, it is important to consider the manufacturer. Of course, it is better to choose products from well-known companies that have been operating on the market for more than one year. If you use all the knowledge you have acquired, you will be able to avoid counterfeit goods and, therefore, unnecessary spending of money.

What do woodworking tools look like and how do they differ from metal drill bits for a drill?

By their appearance, metal twist drills for drills can be easily recognized and distinguished from analogues for woodworking. Tools of the second category come in two types.

Standard twist (screw) drill bits for wood

Standard screw drills for wood look like this.

Photo No. 2: twist drills for wood

Visually, they differ from metal drills in two parameters of the working parts.

Woodworking tools have special peaks at the ends. They make centering much easier and make the machining process more precise.

Drills for wood and metal can be distinguished by the angle between the cutting edges. For instruments of the first type, it varies from 90 to 100°. The angle between the cutting edges of metal drills is 110–140°.

Tools for woodworking may have special scorers.

Image #3: Construction of standard twist drills for woodworking

Lewis twist drills

Lewis twist drills look like this.

Photo No. 3: Lewis twist drills

They are designed for drilling perfectly smooth deep holes of small and large diameters in wood. In design, they are visually significantly different from standard ones.

Image #2: Lewis twist drill design

The main elements of such drills are the central rod and the massive Lewis spiral surrounding it. It is also called an auger. To facilitate centering, such drills have special threaded tips. Another difference between tools in this category is the small angle of inclination of the groove.

Types of drills - selecting tools for drilling metal, wood, concrete and tiles

Drills are used to create holes or recesses in any material.
This occurs due to the movement of the cutting edge along the axis, which rotates. In addition to making a new hole, you can also use a drill to expand an old one that has insufficient diameter. The process of making a hole is called drilling, and expanding it is called reaming. If only a recess is made, we are talking about drilling.

The design of different types of drills differs quite significantly from each other. Next, let's look at what they are.

1. A screw drill, also called a twist drill, is most often used in everyday life. With this tool, the length of which can reach 27.5 centimeters, you can drill both wood and other materials. Twist drills are produced with a diameter from 0.1 millimeter to 8 centimeters.

2. A flat drill shaped like a feather, hence the second name - feather, used for drilling large and deep holes. Its cutting edge is made in the form of a blade. It can be made in one piece, together with the shank, or it can be attached using a boring bar or a special holder.

3. For deep drilling. If you have to drill a particularly deep hole, the depth of which exceeds 5 drill diameters, use a long drill with 2 screw channels. A special emulsion flows through these channels, cooling the tool during operation. The channels are made either inside the drill or inside tubes soldered to the back of it.

4. Single-sided cutting drill. When the hole being made must have particularly precise dimensions, take a drill designed for cutting with only one side. It has a reference plane, and both cutting edges are on the same side of the central axis of the tool.

5. The ring drill is hollow inside. Due to this design, it drills only a narrow ring in the material. These are the so-called crowns.

6. To make a center hole in the part, use a special drill called a center drill.

Shank design

There are several varieties of the tail section of this instrument. Let's list them. So, the shank is:

• Made in the form of a cylinder;
• made in the shape of a cone;
• faceted, having three, four or six sides;
• SDS type.

Drill making method

The drill can be made of a single piece of metal (with a diameter of no more than 8 millimeters) or an alloy (with a diameter of up to 6 millimeters). In this case, a special steel called “high-speed” is used. Her brands: P9K15, P18 or P9.

If the diameter of the drill is more than 8 millimeters, then it is made by welding. In this case, the part that cuts is made of high-speed steel, and the shank is made of carbon steel.

When it is necessary to drill weak and brittle materials, use a drill equipped with carbide plates. It has grooves that can be straight, beveled or helical.

What shape of hole needs to be machined?

Depending on the task being performed, the purpose of the drills differs. So, according to the shape of the hole, they are divided into the following types:

• Conical;
• square;
• stepped;
• cylindrical.

What are the drills covered with?

1. The cheapest coating is a black oxide film. It protects the tool from rust and also protects it from overheating. The service life of the drill naturally increases.

2. Titanium nitride ceramic coating is very durable. It extends the life of the instrument by no less than 3 times. A drill coated with TiN cannot be sharpened, otherwise all its advantages will come to naught.

3. Drills coated with TiAlN - titanium-aluminum nitride - are of even higher quality and reliability. Moreover, such a drill can operate reliably 5 times longer than an ordinary one.

4. Titanium carbonitride, otherwise TiCN, is considered to be a coating of approximately the same quality.

5. When working with high-hard material, for example, porcelain stoneware or stone, you must use the most durable drills - diamond-coated. They have no equal in strength.

We drill different materials with different drills

1. If you need to make holes in non-ferrous metal, cast iron, steel, use spiral-type drills. The longitudinal grooves machined into them carry away the chips generated during operation.

It should be noted that the types of metal drills differ from each other not only in material and coating, but also in the type of shank. It can be made in the form of a cone, cylinder or hexagon.

To attach cylindrical drills, you need a chuck; conical drills are inserted more easily - directly into the machine.

The quality of a drill can be determined by eye - to do this, take a closer look at its color. Thus, ordinary drills of low quality have an inconspicuous gray color.

But the black drill is more durable - this means that it was treated with superheated steam at the end of production.

The tool has a light shade of gold that has been treated with tempering, relieving internal tension.

And if the drill shines brightly with gold, it means it is coated with titanium nitride. Such a drill will serve faithfully for a long time, and its friction is reduced due to the coating. Although its price is higher than that of other types of drills, the quality more than pays for it.

2. Carbide drills. Since metals have different densities, different drills must be used to process them. Hard materials such as heat-resistant steel, cast iron or non-ferrous metal require the use of tools made of carbide.

3. A few words should be said about step-type drills, which appeared not so long ago. They are very convenient for drilling fairly thin sheets of plastic, tin, and roofing materials. The holes can be from 0.4 to 3.6 centimeters or even more.

Working with wood

If you need to make small holes (no more than 1.2 centimeters in diameter) in a chipboard or wooden surface, then a regular spiral drill for metal can handle these.

But large holes or those that require increased precision are drilled only with a special tool designed for working with wooden surfaces. They are made from special tool steel, carbon or alloy.

They are not suitable for metal. There are the following types of wood drills:

1. Twist type drill bit is suitable for small and medium holes. Instead, you can take a metal drill, but the hole will turn out to be of slightly worse quality.

2. Screw drill. A single-spiral drill with a sharp cutting edge is also called a twisted drill. Due to its screw-like shape, excess chips are easily removed from it during operation. If you need to get a deep hole with smooth edges, you can't do without a screw drill.

Above is a spiral drill, below is a twisted drill bit for concrete.

3. The feather type drill is suitable for making holes with a diameter ranging from a centimeter to 2.5 centimeters. The result will not be of very high quality - rough walls, approximate accuracy. But these drills can please you with an extremely low price.

4. Crowns for wood. A drill made in the form of a crown (ring) can be used when you have to drill a hole with a diameter of up to 10 centimeters. As a rule, the set contains one shank, a mandrel and a center drill. Several crowns are included in the kit.

5. The Forsner drill has a centering point and a sharp-edged scoring tool. Thanks to it, the cutting line is accurate. For blind holes that have clear dimensions, this tool is perfect. They drill into soft wood, laminate and chipboard.

We work on concrete and brick

To comfortably work with surfaces such as brick, stone and concrete, you must have a drill with a hard tip. It is made of a special alloy, and drilling is carried out using shock-rotational movements.

Unlike conventional drills with a cylindrical shank, the drill used in a hammer drill can have a different shape in addition to the cylindrical one. These are, for example, SDS-top, SDS-max or SDS-plus. Drills with SDS shanks are used to work with rotary hammers.

1. If you need to make a medium or small hole in concrete, take a drill or drill with a carbide tip. The shape of the tool is in the form of a screw.

At the top is a concrete drill, below is a concrete drill for a hammer drill.

2. We drill a large hole with a crown, which has carbide teeth on the edge. In this case, we use the percussion drilling method using a hammer drill. You can also use a diamond-coated tool. We use either non-impact drilling with water cooling or dry drilling. The core remains inside the nozzle - a cut out piece of material.

Pobedit drills can have different quality - it depends on the brand of this material (pobedit). To drill a granite surface, you need to take a drill with plates made of medium or high hardness. Medium soft or soft plates are suitable for soft concrete or brick. This must be taken into account when purchasing Pobedit drills and drills.

We work on glass and ceramic tiles

It is more convenient to drill glass and tiles either with a crown or with a tool made in the form of a spear.

1. A spear-shaped drill tip can be either pobedite or made of tungsten carbide. In addition, there are ring-shaped drills with diamond coating. If you don’t have a special tool at hand, you can take a drill for concrete work, only a sharp one. And you have to work carefully - after all, this drill has a different shape.

A spear-shaped drill bit for ceramic tiles, and below that an annular drill bit with diamond coating.

2. But a crown for glass or ceramic tiles looks about the same as a crown for concrete work, but it does not have teeth, but only dusting.

3. The tiles can be drilled with special ballerina drills. They come in handy if you need to make a large hole. Drill carefully, from the inside of the tile, with the drill speed set to minimum.

We drill everything

Perhaps the classification of drills would be incomplete without mentioning universal drills. When finishing rooms, this tool can be used to work on almost all surfaces. Brick and concrete, tiles, wood and plastic, aluminum, steel - a universal drill can handle all of this. It also has a tricky sharpening, which, by the way, is also called universal.

. Types of drills

How to determine what type of work a twist drill is intended for (concrete or metal)

To determine what kind of work a twist drill is intended for (concrete or metal), look at its tip. For instruments of the first category, they have a special shape.

Photo No. 4: twist drills for concrete

As you can see, the diameters of the blunt tips are larger than the diameters of the drills themselves. These elements of the working parts are made from pobedit. This is a super-strong alloy that is used in the production of equipment intended for the extraction of mining materials. It is the pobedite tips that make drilling in concrete possible.

How to determine which tool is suitable for the job?

Firstly, the cutting part must be harder in structure than the material being processed. Naturally, a wood drill is not suitable for working with harder materials. Secondly, the diameter must correspond to the required size of the intended hole. Depending on the purpose, the following drills can be selected for working with:

• Metal;
• Concrete;
• Tree;
• Glass and tiles.

A concrete drill is made of special fused metals, and the drilling process itself is carried out through impact and rotational movements. When working with wood, if you need to make a small hole, you can use a regular twist drill for metal, but if you have to do high-precision work or need to make a large hole, you can only use specialized wood drills. They are made from special carbon or alloy-enhanced steel and cannot be used for metal work.

Metal drills are capable of working with a variety of types of metal - from ordinary steel to the highest strength grades, in addition they can be used to work with gray and ductile cast iron, cermets, non-ferrous metals and hard plastics. Such drills can be used not only for drilling holes in solid material, but also for increasing the diameter of the hole.

The main task of the master is to select a tool of the appropriate type and diameter, which requires knowledge of the features and classification.

Drills and drills for concrete: differences and application features

A drill is a cutting tool for creating through or blind holes in a material, as well as for increasing the diameter of existing holes (drilling operation).

Different types of drills are designed to work with specific materials: metals, plastics, natural or artificial stone, brick, concrete pavement, etc.

It should be noted that, unlike end mills, drills cannot move along the workpiece and remove material from the surface - they are designed only for axial load.

There are drills of other designs (where a conical or tetrahedral shank is used instead of a cylindrical one, and the cutting cone has a tricky shape). However, the twist drill described above is the most versatile for a wide range of jobs in industry and construction.

Structurally, the drill is:

• cutting cone (in the front part) with sharp edges - the sharpening angle affects the characteristics of the drill and is determined by the type of material being processed;
• spiral grooves for removing chips from the cutting area - their shape determines the speed of chip removal and drilling performance (as well as heating of the tool itself);
• and a smooth cylindrical shank for attaching the drill to the tool chuck.

We drill different materials with different drills

We work on metal

1. If you need to make holes in non-ferrous metal, cast iron, steel, use spiral-type drills. The longitudinal grooves machined into them carry away the chips generated during operation. It should be noted that the types of metal drills differ from each other not only in material and coating, but also in the type of shank. It can be made in the form of a cone, cylinder or hexagon. To attach cylindrical drills, you need a chuck; conical drills are inserted more easily - directly into the machine.

The quality of a drill can be determined by eye - to do this, take a closer look at its color. Thus, ordinary drills of low quality have an inconspicuous gray color.

But the black drill is more durable - this means that it was treated with superheated steam at the end of production.

The tool has a light shade of gold that has been treated with tempering, relieving internal tension.

And if the drill shines brightly with gold, it means it is coated with titanium nitride. Such a drill will serve faithfully for a long time, and its friction is reduced due to the coating. Although its price is higher than that of other types of drills, the quality more than pays for it.

2. Carbide drills. Since metals have different densities, different drills must be used to process them. Hard materials such as heat-resistant steel, cast iron or non-ferrous metal require the use of tools made of carbide.

3. A few words should be said about step-type drills, which appeared not so long ago. They are very convenient for drilling fairly thin sheets of plastic, tin, and roofing materials. The holes can be from 0.4 to 3.6 centimeters or even more.

Working with wood

If you need to make small holes (no more than 1.2 centimeters in diameter) in a chipboard or wooden surface, then a regular spiral drill for metal can handle these. But large holes or those that require increased precision are drilled only with a special tool designed for working with wooden surfaces. They are made from special tool steel, carbon or alloy. They are not suitable for metal. There are the following types of wood drills:

1. Twist type drill bit is suitable for small and medium holes. Instead, you can take a metal drill, but the hole will turn out to be of slightly worse quality.

2. Screw drill. A single-spiral drill with a sharp cutting edge is also called a twisted drill. Due to its screw-like shape, excess chips are easily removed from it during operation. If you need to get a deep hole with smooth edges, you can't do without a screw drill.

Above is a spiral drill, below is a twisted drill bit for concrete.

Drill bits for concrete and metal

To drill a hole of a certain size, you need to take a drill of the appropriate diameter. However, in addition to the design dimensions (diameter and length of the spiral part), drills differ in the type of cutting cone. In accordance with this, drills are designed to work with certain materials:

• plastic (metals, plastic, plexiglass, textolite, etc.);
• fragile (concrete, stone, inorganic glass, ceramics, etc.).
• Wood drills (perks) can be classified into a separate category. Such drills are characterized by the presence of a sharp tip, which facilitates initial penetration into the material.

Selecting a drill for wood and metal: types, sharpening, GOST

A drill is a special cutting tool for forming holes in solid materials.

The drilling process involves reaming - increasing the diameter of an existing hole and drilling - making recesses or blind holes. For these purposes, various equipment is used (drill, hammer drill, machine tool), which puts the drill into operation: through translational and rotational movements, cutting edges of different configurations and with different sharpening angles remove chips from the material being processed (metal, wood, glass, plastic, etc. ). When working with concrete, brick, stone, tile, the drill not only cuts the material, but also crushes it.

Varieties of drills according to the configuration of the working (cutting) area

This type of classification is considered the main one, since for high-quality drilling a tool should be used, taking into account the specifics of the source material, the size of the hole, etc. A drill of the correctly chosen shape of the working surface will allow you to make exactly the hole that is necessary, avoiding defects in work, which will be very difficult to correct. Let's consider the main types of tools according to this classification.

Screw or spiral

This type of drill is the most in demand, so every craftsman will probably have one.

The design consists of a shank - a rod, thanks to which the drill is attached to the drill chuck, neck and directly the working (cutting) area.

The elements of the working area ensure the desired position of the drill in the hole and cut the material. This zone has a cylindrical shape with helical grooves diametrically opposite to each other, which serve to remove chips. An additional cutting element necessary for precise movement of the drill is a ribbon. There are two of them on a typical screw drill. The width of the bands is proportional to the diameter of the drill, but if they are too wide, the friction of the tool against the walls of the hole will increase. Cutting edges are the main functional element of a twist drill. They cut the material, forming a conical cutting surface.

Lewis spiral or screw

This is a type of screw drill that has one groove and a cutting part equipped with a sharp centering end with a thread that allows the drill to easily, without pressure, go deep into loose material, for example, wood. Lewis spirals are recommended for the formation of through holes with a smooth inner surface, large depth, but medium diameter. The main disadvantage of this tool is its high price, tendency to become off-center and jam. In addition, they are quite fragile.

Feather (feather) or flat

This type of drill is used when it is necessary to make deep holes with a diameter of 8-50 mm. The double-edged cutting zone is shaped like a shovel with the tip protruding from the center. It serves to center the hole. The blade (feather) can be solid cast with a shank or attached to it with a holder or a boring bar.

Feather drills are easy to manufacture and inexpensive, but the absence of spirals does not ensure normal removal of chips from the surface being machined. Another disadvantage of using a flat pen drill is that the resulting hole will have a very rough surface.

Single-sided cutting

This type of tool is used for drilling holes of particular precision. The working area of ​​the drill consists of a reference plane and two cutting edges located on one side of the center.

Crown (ring) or crown

This drill is a hollow cylinder (glass) with a serrated edge at the ends. A crown is necessary for preparing holes with a diameter of more than 100 mm. A set of drills of this type includes a mandrel, a centering drill with a shank and several attachments of different diameters.

Subtypes of core drills

Craftsmen use a variety of crown designs, which is due to the requirements for the hole diameter.

1. Double-cutting core drill. The body of this tool has 3 guide plates and 2 cutters. This allows you to drill holes 110-180 mm in diameter.
2. Three-incisor crown. The design differs from the previous one in the size of the drill and the number of cutters. Suitable for forming holes with a diameter of 180-250 mm.
3. Multi-cutter drill. Cutters are installed in a body with a centering drill, grooves for removing chips and ball bearings for adjusting the direction of the drill. With a tool of this configuration, you can drill holes with a diameter of 50-100 mm to a depth of up to 400 mm.

Centering

This type of drill is suitable for drilling the center. Tools with a safety cone are available for sale.

Stepped

A drill of this configuration began to be used relatively recently and is now often indispensable for producing large-diameter holes (from 35 mm) when working with sheet material with a thickness of 1 to 8 mm. The design of the drill consists of cutting parts of different diameters mounted on one rod, which allows you to work without changing drills if you need a smooth hole of large or medium diameter. The main advantages of a step drill include precise centering and very smooth hole edges. The disadvantages are the high price of the product and the limited thickness of the processed material by the height of the cutting zone step. Step drills can be used to make a new hole or widen an old one.

Forstner drill

This tool has become indispensable when working with wood, laminate, chipboard and other loose materials. Thanks to the special design (the presence of a centering tip with a scoring tool), the exact dimensions of the hole are maintained and a neat cut is ensured. This is achieved by a clear fit of the cutting zones of the drill to the surface being processed. The result is a round blind hole with a flat bottom, smooth, even edges and walls. These capabilities of Forstner drills are widely used in furniture production.

Ruzheinoye

This tool allows you to make holes with a depth that is several times greater than the diameter of the drill. The main design feature is that the tip of the drill and the main cutting edges are located asymmetrically relative to the axis by 0.2-0.25 mm in diameter. A typical gun drill design includes two screw channels located either in soldered tubes or inside the cutting area. Through these channels, coolant (coolant) enters the cutting zone.

Varieties of drills by types of shanks

The shank, the so-called “drive” of the drill, is a mandatory fastening element of the drill, which is clamped in the chuck of a hammer drill, drill or spindle head of the machine. All types of drills are produced with shanks of the following shapes:

• conical (cone-shaped);
• cylindrical (cylindrical);
• faceted;
• SDS type.

Conical (Morse taper)

This drill shank is shaped like a cone and is intended for drills used on machine tools. The cone-shaped head allows for quick tool changes in automatic mode. The variety of designs of tapered shanks is due to the methods of fixing drills for machine tools. They are:

• with claws - fasteners in the spindle head are carried out by wedging. Thanks to this fixation, light materials are prevented from turning during drilling.
• with thread - fastened by means of a rod. This type of fixation is the most reliable. It prevents the tool from falling out.
• without threads and paws - designed for working with light materials.

Types of tapered shanks

There are several modifications of tapered shanks:

• Instrumental. The product parameters are regulated by GOST. The most common type, since they are specially designed for quickly replacing drills on machine tools.
• Shortened. Used to form shallow holes. The tail part is reduced due to thickening.
• Elongated. Necessary for deep drilling.
• Metric. The ratio of the length of the shank to the working area of ​​the drill is one to twenty.

The main advantage of the tapered shank is the ease of centering without the use of additional tools.

Cylindrical

Drills with a drive of this shape are the most popular among home craftsmen, since the cylindrical shank is suitable for a regular drill. As a rule, the diameters of the cutting part of the drill and the shank are identical, but it happens that for more reliable fixation in the chuck, a shank of a larger diameter is used. But if you need to clamp a thick drill in a standard drill chuck, select shanks with a smaller diameter. The main disadvantage of working with a cylindrical drive of drills is their slippage during rotation.

Faceted

Such shanks are rods with three, four or six edges.

tetrahedral

The use of these shanks has been practiced since the mid-19th century. Initially, they were simply inserted into the spindle or secured with a screw. Over time, clamping chucks appeared, but most modern drills are not equipped with devices that can securely hold drills with a square shank. In addition, the centering of the drill is not ensured. The advantages of the design include ease of manufacture and resistance to rotation. Drills with similar shanks are used for working with a brace.

Hexagonal (hexagonal, hex)

The six sides of the shank provide excellent resistance to twisting of the drill and transmit high torque to it. Therefore, for thin drills that require high torque, a shank of this configuration is made. With this type of drive, there are various types of drills: pen drills, twist drills, Forstner drills.

Triangular

The convenience of using these shanks lies in the possibility of clamping in standard three-jaw chucks, transmitting high torques, and also being resistant to rotation.

Type SDS

This design was developed and patented by Bosch for the rapid replacement of used drill bits in rotary hammers. A design feature is the presence of grooves on the tail rod of the drill, due to which the drill is fixed in the chuck. There are several types of SDS shanks used in different models of rotary hammers or jackhammers.

Materials for the manufacture of drills, GOST standards

Even now, industrial production of drills is carried out in accordance with GOST standards. Using tools made according to established standards from high-quality raw materials will prevent damage to equipment and the workpiece and make work easier.

Below is a list of GOSTs related to drills:

When performing work, it is important to use drills that can best cope with the task. For this purpose, various metal alloys and natural raw materials are used.

Metal alloys

The most common material for the production of drills is metal. Small products (up to 10mm), as a rule, are made from a solid rod of steel or other metal alloy. Large drills are produced by welding the working surface (made of high-speed steel) and the shank, for which carbon steel is used. Working with hard materials: stone, concrete, hard alloys requires the use of drills with pobedite plates soldered on them (a compound of 90% tungsten and 10% cobalt).

Diamond

Diamond is one of the strongest natural minerals. This property has found application in the manufacture of tools for working with superhard materials. The tool is manufactured using powder metallurgy technologies or the galvanic method. The latter method allows you to produce drills with any working surface, but the sharp edges in this case will be weakly strong, since the mineral grains will be arranged in one row. Drills made by powder method have ultra-high strength, but using this technology it is advisable to produce tools only with a sufficiently large diameter. This is due to the fact that the strength of the structure is ensured by a certain distance between the diamond grains. In small diameter drills, the intertooth gap is the same as the grain size.

Advantages of diamond drills and features of their use

Thanks to modern technologies, diamond drills are produced with attachments in the form of a cylinder, cone, ball, etc. Diamond tools do not require sharpening and constant cooling when performing work. To avoid overheating, it is enough to periodically immerse the drill in a container of cold water. However, such a miracle tool is quite expensive.

The use of a diamond drill is advisable for performing delicate, complex work where traditional tools are ineffective: in the manufacture of mirrors, in the jewelry, optical, watch industries, in stone processing, for forming holes in concrete, ceramics, and hardened alloys.

Drill markings

All industrial drills (with the exception of drills with a diameter of up to 3 mm) must be marked. The thicker the tool, the more information the consumer needs to know. This is a kind of calling card of the instrument. Therefore, the lack of information about the accuracy class, steel grade, and manufacturer may indicate a falsified product. At best, the drill will quickly fail; at worst, it will ruin the material being processed. By alphanumeric designations you can determine which drill is foreign or domestic.

Products from domestic manufacturers

On Russian drills you can most often find the “P” sign, which indicates that high-speed steel was used in production. The number following “P” corresponds to the percentage of tungsten in the alloy. For tungsten-free high-speed grades, codes EK-41 and EK-42 are used. Next, the presence of alloying elements is indicated: molybdenum (M), cobalt (K), vanadium (F), nitrogen (A), electroslag remelting (SH). The values ​​of elements such as carbon and chromium are not marked, since the amount of the first usually corresponds to the vanadium content, and the second is always equal to 4%. Sometimes the marking contains a value indicating the size of the drill.

Imported drills

Foreign manufacturers mark products differently - HSS and DIN:

1. H.S.S. This is a general designation for all grades of high-speed steels. The following letters indicate the material that this drill can handle. “G” – for alloy and carbon steels, cast iron, copper and aluminum alloys. Drills with the letter “E” are suitable for both the listed materials and acid-resistant and stainless metals.
2. DIN. This marking marks drills that can cope with different tasks: both for standard work and for deep drilling.

Types of coating

Additional processing of the external surface of the drill performs several important functions: it protects the tool from corrosion, strengthens the surface, improves heat transfer, and reduces friction. Let's look at the most well-known drill coating operations.

1. Oxidation is the application of a black oxide film to the drill, protecting it from extreme heat and corrosion. This type of coating is the most common and inexpensive.
2. TiN – drill treatment with titanium nitride. This technology increases the service life of the drill by more than 3 times, allows you to work with fairly hard materials, and reduces friction. But a drill coated with titanium nitrite cannot be sharpened, so as not to remove this hardening layer from the working surface.
3. TiCN – titanium carbonitride coating. In terms of performance characteristics, it is close to TiN treatment.
4. TiAlN – titanium-aluminum nitride coating. Increases the service life of the tool by five times or more.
5. Diamond coating is the most durable coating available today. It makes it possible to drill holes in particularly hard materials.

Drill color

By the color of the drill, with some degree of probability, you can determine what kind of processing the tool was subjected to and what characteristics it has. Approximate correspondence between drill color and coating method is given in the table:

When purchasing drills, you need to pay attention to the uniformity of the tool’s coating and the absence of cracks, chips, or burrs.

Classification of drills by purpose

It is recommended to use a specific type of drill for each material. Illiterate use of cutting tools often leads to damage to equipment, fittings and, of course, the source material. To avoid such mistakes, you need to know which type of drill will do the best job for a particular job.

Drills for working with metal

Drilling in metal is usually carried out with a milling, twist or step drill. The material used to make such drills is usually high-speed steel. This should be indicated by appropriate markings. If it is missing, the product should be treated with caution - there are many low-quality fakes on the construction market. The table below contains information about which grade of drill bit is suitable for a specific type of metal.

In addition to the marking, the sharpening angle may indicate the purpose of the tool. The sharper it is, the softer the alloy should be. For such cases, the optimal angle is 80-90º, for drilling cast iron and steel alloys - 100-120º, for harder metals - 130-140º.

Wood drills

The following types of drills are used for working with wood:

• spiral;
• feathers;
• Lewis spiral;
• Forstner;
• milling, etc.

A twist drill for wood is visually not much different from a drill for metal, but it requires special sharpening with a centering spike. Therefore, to make holes with increased accuracy and a smooth, clean surface, you need to use a wood drill with an appropriate working surface, made of carbon or tool steel.

Drill bits for concrete/brick

To work with brick, concrete, stone and similar materials, you need a special concrete drill tipped with a high-hardness alloy, for example, Pobedit, on the tip of the working surface. The operation of drilling concrete itself is somewhat different: the drill or drill, together with rotational movements, must perform shock-translational movements. In this case, the stone will not be cut, but crushed. It will be difficult to make a hole in concrete more than 6 mm deep with a drill, even an impact drill. Therefore, to work on concrete, brick or stone, you need a hammer drill and high-strength drills.

To make large-diameter holes in concrete, brick or stone, a core drill with diamond coating or carbide teeth will help.

Drill bit for tiles/glass

Working with tiles/glass requires special care and, accordingly, special tools. For these purposes, tubular diamond drills (crown), as well as feather (spear-shaped) drills soldered with tungsten carbide or Pobedit, are used. The effectiveness of tools of these configurations is the same, however, for drilling large holes in tiles, it is better to use a crown, and for glass - a feather. To make large holes in the tiles, use a “ballerina” device. At minimum speed, drilling is performed from the back of the tile.

Universal drills

In addition to drills for narrow purposes, there are universal ones. They can be sold individually or as a set. Thanks to the special sharpening, such drills can process almost any material from wood to steel and ceramics. Most often this is a pobedite soldered tool. The packaging with a set of drills usually indicates what materials they are suitable for.

Drill sharpening

Any drill wears out during use. You can work with wood without thinking about sharpening the drill for months. But for drilling metal, the sharpness of the tool is extremely important. Only a well-sharpened drill can handle this material. Let's look at the signs that indicate a drill requires immediate sharpening.

• slow and uneven immersion into the material being processed;
• strong heating during operation;
• “chewing” the material instead of cutting;
• drilling is accompanied by a creaking-squealing sound;
• finished products have jagged edges and a rough interior surface.

Most often, such drills are thrown away or used for soft materials - many craftsmen do not consider it necessary to give the tool a second life. However, at home, you can build a device for sharpening drills from the tools available in almost every workshop.

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Impact drilling

There are special lines of cutting tools for impact drills. They differ from conventional drills, firstly, in the increased hardness of the material - for hammer drills, drills are made of high-speed, carbon or alloy steel (possibly with high-hardness brazing on the cutting edges).

The second difference is the shape of the drill and/or grooves that remove chips (feather or centering grooves are found - with spiral or straight grooves).

And finally, the third (perhaps the main) difference is the shape of the shank. To facilitate installation of the drill into the hammer drill chuck (while simultaneously guaranteeing strict alignment during operation), the shank of such a tool has special grooves. Such a system is called SDS, which translated from German stands for “insert, turn and go.” This is exactly how the SDS drill is attached to the hammer drill chuck - quickly, easily and reliably (no need to look for keys and make efforts to tighten it, as in the three-jaw chuck of a conventional drill).

It should be noted that hammer drills are often called drills. This emphasizes the obvious design differences (the presence of the same SDS shank) and the general purpose - the use of a drill for drilling with impact loading.

The SDS shank has varieties:

• SDS-plus is currently the most common type of tool with a shank diameter from 10 to 40 mm. The fastening system includes four grooves on the shank (a pair of guides and two for fixing). The minimum length of drills with SDS-plus shanks is from 110 mm (and no more than 1 m). Diameter – from 4 to 32 mm. SDS-plus drills are mainly used on lightweight hand-held hammer drills.
• SDS-max - this type of shank is used for large-diameter tools (over 20 mm), intended for powerful, heavy drilling machines. The shank with a diameter of 18 mm has three open grooves and two closed ones (the standard recess in the chuck is 90 mm).

Features of materials processing by cutting

In metal technology, it is customary to consider the process of cutting a material by introducing a wedge into it.

Cutting by introducing a wedge into the thickness of the material: α – angle of sharpening of the wedge (angle at the apex); h – cutting depth; l – chip separation length; l₁ – length of chip twisting; d – width of the blasting surface

1. It is assumed that the wedge itself is made of a hard substance that is stronger than the body being penetrated. Therefore, only the processed object is destroyed.
2. The movement of the wedge is carried out due to the applied force P. It is sufficient to have a destructive effect in the contact zone.
3. The sharpening angle α is less than 90⁰, so cutting into the material is possible.
4. The wedge has two surfaces: one faces the material being cut, which is why it was called the front; the other is adjacent to the workpiece, it is called the back.
5. During the destructive action, chips are formed. Depending on the plastic properties of the workpiece, it can: break into separate fragments; chip away while maintaining a single body; to be twisted, twisted.

The cutting process is characterized by the following parameters:

• h – cutting depth, mm (for different types of tools this value is determined in different ways);
• v – cutting speed, m/s (it is customary to consider linear movement inside the cut chip per unit of time);
• s – feed, mm/rev (a criterion characterizing the productivity of the cutting edge penetration into the workpiece).

When developing a technological process for processing materials by cutting, the main parameters are calculated. From these they are further determined:

toper – the duration of the actual time required to remove the layer by cutting, min;

tpiece – piece time is calculated to determine the actual costs of a technological operation, min.

Elements of a metal drill

For metal, drills made of high-speed steel are used, as well as with overlay plates made of hard alloys. They are marked:

1. R6M5, R9, R18 - different versions of high-speed steel. Its main feature is the possibility of self-hardening during cooling after completion of work;
2. T5K6, T15K8 – carbide surfacing for drills on hardened steel. They are used to make holes in metal having a hardness of HRC 45...50;
3. VK6, VK8, VK12 – drills with carbide tips for cast iron. They can be used to drill holes in the presence of shock loads.

Cutting edges of a twist drill for metal

A distinctive feature of a tool designed to make holes in metal parts is the presence of several cutting edges. It's easy to identify them:

• jumper. It is located between the main blades;
• two main blades. For different types of metals, they create their own sharpening angle;
• the ribbons are two spiral edges. Their task is to form the inner surface of the hole.

When sharpening, an angle is formed between the two main blades in a special way.

Drill sharpening angle

Wood drill cutting edges

For wood, a different type of drill is used. The most widespread are perks (feather drills). The main difference is this:

• there is a special cone that defines the center (in some designs a conical spiral is created here);
• sharp triangles along the periphery specify the drilling diameter;
• the two main cutting edges are perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Wood drill bit

When the hole depth is shallow, there is no need for surfaces to remove chips from the holes. Due to centrifugal force, waste flies out.

Drilling and reaming

The drilling process has certain differences from other operations. This is where the tool itself rotates. At the same time, it is embedded inside the part.

Drilling and hole reaming

Possible options:

• drilling, this process is characterized by the creation of a new hole;
• reaming is an operation to increase the diameter of a hole.

When metal is processed, the heat generated is distributed:

• on the cutting edge of the drill;
• for heating the chips;
• to heat the entire workpiece.

Quite a large amount of heat is released. It usually accounts for up to 50...60% of the total energy spent on the operation. Therefore, when working with steel and other alloys, they try to remove heat. Lubricants and coolants are used.

It is customary to distinguish processes by depth. If the hole is drilled to 4...6 diameters, then it is assumed that normal drilling is being performed. If you need to get a hole in which the depth is more than 6 diameters, then such an operation is called deep drilling. Here it is necessary to supply coolant to the cutting zone.

Drilling wood

When doing woodwork, note:

• the chips practically do not heat up;
• the body of the part itself has local heating only in the place where the cutting edge comes into contact with the material being processed;
• The edge gets very hot, there is practically no heat dissipation.

Drilling wood. The resulting chips do not heat up

When working with wood, coolant is used extremely rarely. Only wood boards impregnated with polymer resins can be treated with lubricants and cooling. Delta wood, which was previously used to make aircraft, was drilled using coolant. In those processes, the need was determined by the high productivity of labor at aircraft factories.

Main types of wood frames

Considering the design of the tool, you can note the difference:

• the twist drill does not have a pronounced ribbon, but has a sharp cone for penetration in a given direction;
• For deep holes I use the Lewis spiral design. It only has one main edge. She crashes into the part. During operation, the spiral itself is pressed tightly against the walls, so moving to the side is impossible;
• Forstner drill is used to make shallow holes. A similar tool is used on filler machines, where recesses for fittings are made.

Rules for choosing and working with concrete drills

In addition to practical experience, the success of working with a hammer drill depends on the correct selection of the tool. Naturally, you should start by determining the purpose of the drill (for metal, concrete, wood) and its size. Experienced craftsmen recommend having not just one, but a whole set of drills of a certain type, but of different diameters. This significantly expands technological capabilities - even if you use ordinary hand tools. In addition, drills of the same size are often sold as a set of several units, because hammer drill tools cannot be resharpened/restored, do not require careful maintenance, and are literally a consumable item.

The second criterion is the material of the tool. As noted above, concrete drills are made of carbon, high-speed and alloy steel. They can be distinguished by color:

• coal black for “quick cut” (contrary to popular belief, this is not the hardest tool).
• The golden hue of the drill indicates that during the manufacturing process it was subjected to tempering (heat treatment - heating to the line of phase transformations in steel and subsequent slow cooling). This means that internal stresses in the metal are removed, and the drill is characterized by increased strength.
• The bright golden color indicates that the drill is coated with titanium nitrile - such a tool is distinguished by the best durability and quality.

When working with a hammer drill, it is important to ensure that the drill does not overheat. In this case, in no case should you “forcibly” cool the instrument (for example, by immersing it in water)! You can give rest only by taking a break from work (and the downtime should be equal to the drilling time). By the way, too rapid heating of the drill indicates an incorrect operating mode (excessive speed or dullness of the tool).

If a tool gets stuck in concrete while drilling, do not loosen the working hammer! You must immediately stop drilling, unfasten and remove the tool from the chuck. Next, you should install a new drill and carefully use a hammer drill to drill out the material around the stuck tool (then you can remove it from the wall).

How are metal drills classified?

The main classification parameter is the shape of the cutting part.

The standard option is ordinary cylindrical twist drills; this type is used for simple household needs. Most often they are made of high-speed steel; they have a sharpening angle of 120 degrees. Twist drills are equipped with two main cutting edges, which are formed by the intersection of the front helical surfaces of the grooves used for chip flow with the rear surfaces facing the cutting surface.

They, in turn, are divided into varieties:

• With a cylindrical shank – have a diameter of no more than 12 mm;
• Square;
• With a conical shank - have a diameter from 6 to 60 mm;
• With a hex shank - the rarest option.

Less common are core drills for metal, which are used for drilling holes with a large diameter. Externally, the tool is similar to a concrete drill, but differs from it in the absence of carbide tips. Crown products have frequent small teeth and are made of high-strength steel.

More modern are step drills. Their advantage is that, due to their unique shape, they can be used for drilling diameters from 6 to 30 mm. The limitation on their use is their applicability only for sheet material with a thickness of no more than 2 mm.

You should also pay attention to such types of drills as:

• Flat or feather - are durable and inexpensive, but do not have chip removal. They have a cutting edge that is made in the form of a shovel. It can form either a solid part together with the shank, or be attached using a special holder;
• Elongated spiral, having screw channels passing through the body of the product;
• For making deep holes with a depth of more than 5 diameters of the drill itself. For these purposes, an elongated tool is taken that has two screw channels through which a special emulsion liquid flows, which helps cool the tool during operation.
• Drills for single-sided cutting - used when it is necessary to drill a hole with particularly precise dimensions. Such products have a supporting plane, and two cutting edges are located on one side relative to the central axis of the tool;
• Centering - necessary to make a center hole in the part;
• Ring, hollow inside - used for drilling a narrow ring in the material;
• Conical - for working with sheet metal with a thickness of no more than 4 mm.

What else can be said about classification?

In addition to the shape of the cutting and tail parts, the tools differ in a number of parameters. The most basic ones include the method of strengthening treatment:

• The cheapest coating is a black oxide film; its purpose is to protect the instrument from corrosion and prevent overheating, which naturally extends its service life.
• Very durable ceramic coating made from a nitrogen compound with titanium. It can extend the operating time of the tool by more than three times. However, such a drill cannot be sharpened, because it erases the protective layer.
• The highest quality coating with titanium-aluminum nitride and titanium carbonitride; tools with such coating will last five times longer.

With frequent use, the tool wears out and requires sharpening.

Diamond drills for concrete - how to use correctly?

When carrying out renovations in premises, it is necessary to make holes for fastening objects in concrete or brick walls. Diamond concrete drills are used for this type of process. Compared to metal drills, which quickly become dull, drilling with a diamond tool ensures a directed transfer of impact energy, maximizing the removal of slurry due to the spiral shape.

Characteristics of drills for concrete

A diamond-coated drill, or a diamond tubular drill, is a cylinder with 2 through passages on the sides to remove contaminants. The main advantages of an electric drill include the equipment with strong alloys for soldering on top of the cutting element. The hardness of boron is as close as possible to the hardness characteristics of diamond. This alloy is called "win". This type of drill is the most durable of all existing ones. Diamond bits are divided into 2 types:

• Designed for drills, available in polyhedron and cylinder shapes.
• Used for hammer drills with a cylindrical shank and marked SDS-plus, SDS-max.

Features of use

When performing installation and using a drill, craftsmen obtain recesses ranging in size from 4 mm to 3 cm due to its versatility. Place the drill into the apparatus by pressing on the nozzle and pushing in the chuck, which is thickened at the end. If the builder needs to achieve a recess in the wall up to 12 cm in diameter, they use another type of nozzle - a crown type. It is divided into subspecies: diamond and victorious. The first one has a diamond coating, and the second one has small teeth made of pobedite.

If there is a need to drill passages for attaching sockets or switches, or a large number of wires, then use drills with a core drill. At the same time, it is imperative to know exactly the depth and diameter that you need to obtain in order to select the right tool. When choosing a suitable drill, they rely on the main feature - the larger the diameter needed, the longer the length.

Crowns are often used to create holes in a wall to accommodate an outlet.

Types of drills - main parameters

Type and shape of the working part

1. A screw drill, also called a twist drill, is most often used in everyday life. With this tool, the length of which can reach 27.5 centimeters, you can drill both wood and other materials. Twist drills are produced with a diameter from 0.1 millimeter to 8 centimeters.

2. A flat drill shaped like a feather, hence the second name - feather, used for drilling large and deep holes. Its cutting edge is made in the form of a blade. It can be made in one piece, together with the shank, or it can be attached using a boring bar or a special holder.

3. For deep drilling. If you have to drill a particularly deep hole, the depth of which exceeds 5 drill diameters, use a long drill with 2 screw channels. A special emulsion flows through these channels, cooling the tool during operation. The channels are made either inside the drill or inside tubes soldered to the back of it.

4. Single-sided cutting drill. When the hole being made must have particularly precise dimensions, take a drill designed for cutting with only one side. It has a reference plane, and both cutting edges are on the same side of the central axis of the tool.

5. The ring drill is hollow inside. Due to this design, it drills only a narrow ring in the material. These are the so-called crowns.

6. To make a center hole in the part, use a special drill called a center drill.

Shank design

There are several varieties of the tail section of this instrument. Let's list them. So, the shank is:

• Made in the form of a cylinder;
• made in the shape of a cone;
• faceted, having three, four or six sides;
• SDS type.

Drill making method

The drill can be made of a single piece of metal (with a diameter of no more than 8 millimeters) or an alloy (with a diameter of up to 6 millimeters). In this case, a special steel called “high-speed” is used. Her brands: P9K15, P18 or P9.

If the diameter of the drill is more than 8 millimeters, then it is made by welding. In this case, the part that cuts is made of high-speed steel, and the shank is made of carbon steel.

When it is necessary to drill weak and brittle materials, use a drill equipped with carbide plates. It has grooves that can be straight, beveled or helical.

What shape of hole needs to be machined?

Depending on the task being performed, the purpose of the drills differs. So, according to the shape of the hole, they are divided into the following types:

• Conical;
• square;
• stepped;
• cylindrical.

What are the drills covered with?

1. The cheapest coating is a black oxide film. It protects the tool from rust and also protects it from overheating. The service life of the drill naturally increases.

2. Titanium nitride ceramic coating is very durable. It extends the life of the instrument by no less than 3 times. A drill coated with TiN cannot be sharpened, otherwise all its advantages will come to naught.

3. Drills coated with TiAlN - titanium-aluminum nitride - are of even higher quality and reliability. Moreover, such a drill can operate reliably 5 times longer than an ordinary one.

4. Titanium carbonitride, otherwise TiCN, is considered to be a coating of approximately the same quality.

5. When working with high-hard material, for example, porcelain stoneware or stone, you must use the most durable drills - diamond-coated. They have no equal in strength.

How to use the device?

Electrochemical coating of one metal with another, which is more resistant to mechanical movement and chemical processes, allows you to select the appropriate drill diameter and type for different processes. You also need to make sure that the nozzle does not overheat. The cooling device should be stopped at regular intervals. It is unacceptable to water the working parts with cold water. If, during drilling, an obstacle is discovered in the thickness of the concrete layer, you should change the drill used to cut metal. Having passed this section, insert the previous one again. For load-bearing walls it is better to use a hammer drill. The power of this device will guarantee the required quality of the desired holes.

What does the market offer?

High-performance segments with a long service life are offered on the market by domestic and foreign manufacturers. A quality product comes at a high price. Foreign manufacturers include Metabo, Bosch, Makita, Stayer, FIT. Preference is given to Bosch tools, since due to the four-spiral shape, after finishing work it is easy to remove the remains of construction waste material from the recesses.

A cheaper option for the tool is Interskol products.

Russian production, as well as companies from the CIS countries and China, offer tools that are more affordable in price. Among them are “Interskol”, “Zubr”, “Enkor”. When choosing a tool, you need to understand that the drills are coated with a high-quality alloy and made using modern technologies, which means the price should be appropriate. There are often fakes in the markets that are darker due to the use of poor quality raw materials.

The concrete drill should have a white metallic color.

How to choose?

To choose a drill for a power tool, you need to know exactly what type of electric drill is supported by a chuck - SDS-plus or SDS-max. The former are suitable for working with brick or medium-hard concrete. SDS-max shanks are adapted to interact with any hardness of concrete and brick. You can also choose a crown to create round holes. To guarantee quality, it is better to purchase drills from well-known companies.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that if the drill is broken or bent, you should absolutely not sharpen it yourself. Loading a rotary hammer with a crooked attachment can lead to tool breakage. Before each use of the drill, apply a special lubricant to the base of the head. This will increase the service life of the drill and hammer drill.

How to identify a drill in concrete

When carrying out construction work or repairs, the question often arises about the use of one or another type of material and tool. The choice of a drill and drill when it is necessary to work with concrete is no exception. Next, we will try to briefly answer the most common and common questions and allow ourselves to give some practical advice.

Can a regular drill be used for working with concrete? It is possible, but absolutely to no avail. After all, when using a conventional drill, the process of sliding along the surface of the concrete will begin and, simply, the structure will be destroyed, but the desired hole will not be created.

The obvious question is: what drill should I use in this situation? For high-quality work, it is best to use drills with a carbide tip, such as Pobedit drills.

Brief contents of the article:

Wood drill

In the modern world there is a huge selection of tools for working with wood. When working on wood of any complexity, it is impossible to do without the main types of wood drills. There are only three of them:

• Twist drill. The metal spiral is sharpened. This spiral is used when making a hole with a small diameter, about 8-28 mm, but a large depth, about 300-600 mm. It is thanks to its spiral shape that the tool can be easily removed from the hole after finishing work.
• So-called feather drills are used when it is necessary to make a non-through hole with a diameter of about 10 mm in wood. and more. These drills are used only to directly create the hole. Because there are no cutting edges on the side surface, and, therefore, it is impossible to drill an existing hole.
• Cylindrical drill. They are widely used to create holes of large diameters, starting from 26 mm. Such drills are also called ring or core drills. The main advantage of using drills of this type is that you can get a neat hole without any scoring or other defects. It also results in high quality processing.

It must be remembered that when choosing the right good and strong drill, you need to carefully examine the appearance. If this tool is actually of high quality, then it should not have chips, various dents or scratches, as well as other defects. It is necessary that the cutting edges have a high-quality sharpening over the entire length, and also have a uniform color.

When starting to select a tool , regardless of what material it is intended for processing, you need to carefully look at the color of the drill. The final hardening treatment that was carried out is determined by the color. And now useful tips and recommendations for their use.

What type of concrete drills are there?

In principle, all drills are similar to each other, but there are some differences depending on the area of ​​application and the materials used. If you do not pay attention to the material and scope of application, then all drills have common components: a tail, a cutting blade for work, and parts for removing chips.

To work with materials that have a high hardness threshold, as we have already mentioned, Pobedit drills with a tip resembling the letter T are used.

It consists of hard alloys of tungsten and cobalt, which are the material that will win. Although nowadays more modern materials and alloys are already used for concrete drill tips, the name “Pobedite drill” is firmly entrenched among the people for concrete drills.

Types of drills for metal, wood and concrete. Types of drills and their purpose

The purpose of any drill is to create different types of recesses and holes in a given material. This process occurs due to the rotation of the cutting element around its axis. In addition to creating new holes, using these tools you can also expand old ones that have a small diameter. According to their design, application and production method, all types of drills have noticeable differences. Let's look at them in more detail.

Classification by type and shape of the working part

Due to the different types of tasks and functions, the elements have different shapes of the working part and are classified as follows:

• Screw type drill. Its second name is spiral. It is the most common, because it is used most often in everyday life. This tool, the length of which is from 5 to 20 or more centimeters, will help in drilling both wood and other types of materials: metals, ceramics, concrete. The line of spiral instrument models is available in diameters from 0.1 mm to 3 cm.
• Flat type drill. It is shaped like a feather. This feature gave it another name - feather. It is primarily used to create deep holes of relatively large diameter. The cutting element of such a tool is made in the form of a blade.
• To perform deep drilling, long products are used that have two screw channels. A special liquid flows through them, cooling the tool during the working process. In most cases, the channels are placed inside the drill.
• There is also a type called a single-sided cutting drill. It is used only in cases where the future hole must be made with high precision. Thanks to a single reference plane and the location of both cutting edges on the same side of the axis, the result of this tool is of high quality.
• Ring type drill. This type of structure is interesting because it is hollow inside. Thanks to this design, a narrow ring comes out during drilling. These types of drills also have another name – crowns.
• To make a center hole, you can use a so-called centering product. It is available in any hardware store.

As a result, we can conclude that there are various types of drills. And their purpose is also different. Let's look at sharpening methods.

Types of drill sharpening

Having considered the types and shapes of working surfaces, it is necessary to address the issue of sharpening these elements. The process, or rather its type, completely depends on the tasks that will be performed by this tool.

The following types of sharpening exist:

• Ordinary, spiral. Used for working with steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
• For cast iron. The name speaks for itself - for working with a mixture of cast iron.
• Cross point on the edge. For all types of drilling work.
• With centering point. For working with soft materials.
• Cone-shaped appearance with a point.
• Machining with sharpened bridge and main blade for adjustment. Suitable for durable steel.

Classification by shank design

There is a classification of drills, the main criterion of which is the structure of the rear part - the shank of the tool.

According to this classification, there are the following types of instruments:

• Cylindrical type.
• Cone-shaped.
• Faceted. With six, four or three edges.
• SDS products.

Production technology

Some types of drills are made from a solid metal blank. These include instruments whose diameter exceeds 8 mm. Drills with a diameter of up to 6 mm are made from alloys.

This is a special steel, also called high-speed steel. Those types of tools whose diameter exceeds 8 mm are manufactured by welding. The shank of such products is made from a carbon steel alloy. And the cutting part is made of high-speed alloy steel. For processing weak and brittle materials (soft wood, some metals), a drill with carbide inserts is used. Such tools are equipped with grooves of different shapes. There are straight, screw and beveled types.

Classification by hole shape

The shape of the holes produced is another method of classifying products. According to this characteristic, they are divided into the following types:

• Conical shape.
• Square.
• Stepped.
• Cylindrical.

Classification by coating

The material with which the drill is coated is a very important characteristic of the tool.

The coating determines the durability and efficiency of a given tool. According to this parameter, the following products are available:

• A budget option for drill coating is oxide film. The function of this coating is to protect the tool from corrosion and protection from overheating. Thanks to the oxide film, the service life increases.
• Ceramic coating. It is made from titanium nitride. Thanks to this, this type of coating increases the service life of the tool three times. But there is one drawback. Such drills must not be sharpened.
• As a derivative of the previous type of coating, titanium-aluminum nitride was created. In this case, the drill resource increases 5 times.
• Titanium carbonitrad is similar in action to titanium-aluminum nitride.
• The most durable and wear-resistant tools are those coated with diamond coating.

Types of drills for metal

Spiral products are perfect for working on non-ferrous metals, cast iron and steel.

The chips that are formed during processing go through machined grooves. Drills for metal work differ from each other not only in the material and coating from which they are made, but also in the type of shank. To determine the quality of a tool, you do not need to be a high-class specialist. Just take a closer look at the color of the coating. Low quality instruments have a gray tint. If the color of the product is black, this is a sign of higher quality. A drill with a bright golden hue indicates that the tool is coated with titanium nitride and its quality is excellent. Speaking about the strength of the material from which the drill is made, it can be noted that it must be carbide. After all, metals themselves have high strength. Therefore, for their processing, a material is needed that will have greater strength.

For wood processing

When you need to make several small holes in wood material, the simplest twist drill will do. For high-precision work or when it is necessary to make a large hole, special tools for working with wood are used. They are made from tool steel, carbon-containing or alloyed. This tool is not used for working on metal.

Types of wood drills:

• Spiral type.
• Helical.
• By type of pen or feather.
• Crowns for wood processing.
• Forsner drill.

For working with concrete

To work with more durable surfaces (concrete, brick, stone), you will need a very strong product that has a hard tip. The alloy from which types of concrete drills are made has high strength characteristics. The work of such a tool is carried out using impact-rotational mechanisms (perforator). Most often, SDS shanks are used for this type. To carry out a certain drilling, the types of drills must be selected according to the type. To make a small hole in solid concrete, you need to use an auger-shaped drill with a hard tip. For large holes, it is necessary to use special toothed carbide crowns. As a rule, they are coated with diamond coating. This is necessary for greater efficiency and longer service life.

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Drills from Pobedit

It is better to purchase Pobedite drill bits for concrete from a quality manufacturer and, if possible, take advice from the seller based on the scope of application and tasks. After all, there are a lot of drills on the market from Chinese or domestic manufacturers that tend to deteriorate quickly; they are not enough for many holes, but only for a couple or three. Then the drill will simply begin to slide, which will make the simple task of making a hole long and ineffective.

Also, very often in inexpensive drills for concrete, the tip breaks off, and it simply becomes impossible for them to work efficiently. And if the drill is of a well-known brand, then after the integrity of the drill is broken, you can still work with it a little.

In a situation where there is a wide range of drill products on the market, it is sometimes very difficult to figure out which concrete drills are best to purchase. There are options for purchasing a separate drill, or buying a set of drills. Buy a little cheaper, at the same time, or pay a little extra and get products from a quality manufacturer.

In any case, if you need to make more than one hole, we recommend not to use Chinese-made drills; they can be identified by the presence of hieroglyphs on the packages.

Selecting drill diameter

We also recommend that when choosing the diameter of a drill for concrete (pobedite), take into account the fact that when drilling a material such as concrete, beating occurs inside the hole and this contributes to the formation of a hole with a slightly larger diameter than the drill itself. Therefore, it is better to first make a hole with a drill with a smaller diameter, and then, if necessary, drill out the finished hole using a larger drill.

Suggestions for drill diameters at points of sale range from 0.3 to 2.2 cm.

Tool selection

If you plan to drill concrete not for industrial purposes and volumes, but for the home during renovation, then you can use a conventional drill in the classic version, because Pobedit drills for drills are normal practice. But there is one nuance here that cannot be ignored: for easier work, the drill should have the function of not only rotational movements, but also translational ones.

If you use a conventional drill, you need to use a metal pin or rod during the break between drillings, which needs to be periodically driven into the concrete with a hammer, and it is better to periodically moisten the drill with water for cooling.

Still, the best tool for drilling concrete is a hammer drill, because it is much more powerful than a drill, although its rotation speed is lower. Due to its power and a properly selected drill bit for a hammer drill, you can essentially make a hole of any depth in concrete.

As far as we know, there is reinforcement in concrete, the pitch of which is difficult to predict. This fact must be taken into account from the point of view of the fact that it is easy to rest a Pobedit drill against iron reinforcement and stop, since such a drill will not penetrate the metal.

In this case, it is best to replace the Pobedit drill with a metal drill and use this drill to go through a layer of reinforcement. Then, if necessary, continue working with a Pobedit drill.

What common?

• Manufacturers produce twist drills for metal and wood of the same diameters, because identical holes may need to be drilled in both materials. Their diameter varies from 0.1 mm to 8 cm. There are, of course, unique ones, but they cannot be found in a simple household or hardware store.
• They can have the same dimensions and reach 600 mm .
• Metal drill bits can be used to drill small holes in wood. However, you cannot use wood drills for metal. But it is important to remember that if a metal drill is used for woodworking, you need to constantly monitor its condition. The edges of the hole will not be smooth, because such a drill will tear the fibers, also wood shavings can clog the grooves, and the drill will begin to overheat, which will have a very bad effect on its condition. It is very important to clarify that analogues for concrete are not suitable for working on wood. Although many builders save money in this way, it is possible not only to ruin the entire structure, but even cause a fire, since the heavy-duty material will not drill, but will simply scorch the wood.
• Some types of drills are used for metal and wood, for example, screw or spiral, they are simply made from different materials so that you can drill both dense materials and more pliable ones like chipboard.
• There are universal drills that can be used to drill anything. And not only metal or wood, but even plastic, ceramics and concrete. It has a unique sharpening, thanks to which you can drill anything. True, if you had to buy it, it is better to choose expensive rather than cheap models. Counterfeits and models with poor alloy will not last long; some of them break after the first use. Quality ones, on the contrary, can last for many years.
• Carrying out work on drilling holes in different materials is identical. The technology is exactly the same, as are the recommendations given for the job.
• The markings of similar products are the same . Letters and numbers indicate the manufacturer, type of steel, tungsten content, and particles of other elements in the alloy. It is believed that the more elements in the alloy, the better the drill will be. It can withstand heavy loads and temperatures.