The drill has long been used not only for drilling holes in various materials. This tool has found its application not only in the field of construction, but also in the field of designing and assembling furniture. To do this, special types of attachments are installed on the tool, which are called wood cutters. Wood cutters for drills allow you to carry out different types of processing of wood materials. To do the job correctly, you will need to choose the right nozzle.
A wood cutter for a drill is somewhat reminiscent of a drill, however, instead of a cutting edge there are teeth of various designs. The ability to perform certain technological operations depends on the shape of the teeth. To secure the attachment in the tool chuck, the cutter has a cylindrical shank.
Set of wood cutters
The working part of the nozzles is sharpened using high-precision equipment, and specialized grades of steel are used for their manufacture. Their service life depends on the quality of the steel used for the production of nozzles. Milling attachments for drills come in the following types:
- Mounted, the dimensions of the mounting holes of such products are 32 mm, and they are intended to perform relevant tasks on stationary milling machines
- End mills are also called finger cutters, and their seating area can range in size from 8 to 12 mm. Such products are suitable not only for stationary milling machines, but also for hand drills
Types of wood cutters
This is interesting! For hand tools, it is important to use exclusively end mills. Using these products you can process not only wood materials, but also drywall.
Milling cutters are produced according to their intended purpose, depending on the types of wood materials that are planned to be processed with them. Some of the most reliable and wear-resistant products are those designed for processing plywood. Their main advantage is plates made of hard alloys, which has a positive effect on the service life of the products. Depending on what operation is planned to be performed on the wood material, cutters are divided into appropriate types (moulding, disk, seam, fillet, etc.).
Short description
As for the concept of a finger cutter, this name means end or key cutters that have a cylindrical shape and differ in the high-speed cutting part. In addition, they have one more small difference. For example, the end one can have from 3 to 5 cutting edges and is used for processing materials with the side surface, and its end part performs the cleaning function.
But keyed ones can perform work on both surfaces, both the end and the side. End mills can be used not only on special machines, but work can also be performed using manual equipment. This type of milling tool has found its application in many industries, but the largest percentage still falls on industry.
Main requirements
Due to the fact that this tool is multifunctional and is associated with various types of surface treatment of materials, it has a number of requirements that must comply with the designated standards. According to GOST, there should be no burrs, cracks, traces of corrosion or other damage on the working part of the tool. It is especially unacceptable to have developed places in the very center hole.
This tool is manufactured with extreme precision, but still, before going on sale, each of them undergoes a special test. According to GOST, deviations of only 0.02 mm and 0.03 mm are allowed; if such indicators are exceeded, then such a cutter will be rejected accordingly.
Main characteristics
Since finger cutters are designed for processing any surface, each of them has its own characteristics. These include:
Wood end mill
Milling tools for wood processing are made of steel, which has increased strength and has the exact shape of the pattern of the working part. But it is worth noting that depending on the surface being processed, it is necessary to select the appropriate type of cutter. For example, to work with plywood you will need a cutting part made of harder alloys, which increases the work process.
In addition, they also have several varieties, namely they are solid and prefabricated. The latter have quite a significant advantage, since they have the ability to set the knives to the required size and are very easy to replace if necessary.
One of its advantages is that it can be used to insert door hinges. First of all you need:
- To mark the loop, to do this, you need to attach it to the location and mark it, best with a paint knife. But it is recommended to attach the hinges to several self-tapping screws so that there is no displacement.
- Then you should press two small bars against the door, thereby making a place where the soles of the cutter will rest.
- After this, a slot cutter with a straight attachment is loaded into the tool. In this case, the work must be carried out carefully so as not to go beyond the marked marking lines.
- To establish the required hinge cut on a hand cutter, it is necessary to set the appropriate depth. The correctness can be checked on any wooden block, and only then carry out actions on the surface of the door.
- After cutting out the door hinge, it is necessary to process the made recess with a chisel, if necessary.
- When all the grooves for the hinge are made, you can install the doors.
For PVC and aluminum
This variety is intended for processing these materials and is used for:
- milling drainage surfaces;
- milling a groove for a lock;
- processing of PVC and aluminum profiles;
- cleaning grooves for seals.
As for the milling cutter for aluminum, it has a specific structure, since this material has certain features, namely the adhesion of chips, which complicates the process. Due to its specificity, such a tool eliminates the possibility of inaccuracies or distortions in relation to the specified parameters.
For metal
Basically, such equipment is used in production and is considered simply an indispensable tool. Its main purpose is:
- Milling grooves for locks.
- Cleaning the grooves and special grooves into which the seal will then be placed.
- Creating drainage holes.
- In addition, it is widely used in the automotive industry for work requiring milling.
Diamond cutters
Any work on surface treatment requires compliance with GOST, which, in turn, improves quality. Particular attention is paid to actions related to concrete and stone surfaces, both internal and external.
Therefore, diamond cutters are ideally suited for grinding operations. Thanks to this tool, work with such surfaces is carried out with the highest quality possible, while spending very little time.
Among the varieties of this type, the diamond finger cutter is used for work on granite and marble. This material is quite strong in structure, and with the right selection of tools, you can work not only on granite and marble, but also on other stones. In addition, the diamond cutter is quite durable, which allows you to save money on frequent replacement of the worn-out working part of the tool.
Regardless of the work performed, it is worth considering the fact that for each type of material used, an appropriate cutter is required. The whole point is that, depending on the structure, as well as the hardness of the material, it is necessary to select the appropriate diameter of the tool. In addition, it is very important to take into account the speed of its revolutions. This is due to the fact that the higher the speed, the more the tool heats up.
For example, if steel with a strength of HRC 38-47 is processed, and the metal cutter has a size of 3 or 6 mm, then the speed of rotation should be 25-25 m/min. But if it is necessary to produce on heat-resistant alloys with a strength above HRC 47, and the diameter of the cutter is similar, then the speed must be reduced to 10-15 m/min.
Video: sharpening finger cutters for a hand router.
Milling cutters
Important point.
The type of cutter coating is easy to determine by color. The golden hue of the working part is given by titanium nitride, blue-gray by titanium cyanide, and violet by vacuum deposition of TiAlN. The plasma hardening method involves applying a colorless protective layer.
Metalworking tools are made from durable alloys for cutting tools. To make cutters, a rod is used, the diameter of which determines the dimensions of the product. After pre-processing on turning and milling equipment, the workpieces are subjected to thermal effects in a salt atmosphere at a temperature of 650-1200 ˚C. At the next stage, the cutters are grinded on a special machine. To reduce wear after finishing, the cutting part is coated with a durable coating.
What metals are cutters made of?
The working surface of metal milling cutters is made from high-speed steel, carded wire, hard alloys, various types of ceramics or diamond. There can be several or one working blades. Manufacturers produce solid, welded, brazed and assembled tools, as well as milling heads - steel products with replaceable plates for mechanical fastening to the body. Fasteners are used to connect the parts. Modern types of metal cutters are designed for effective processing of all existing alloys.
Classification of cutters
Milling equipment differs in tool feeding methods. Machines with screw, rotary and linear principles of operation are used in production for the manufacture of complex metal elements that require sampling of material in hard-to-reach places. To make the right choice of tool for certain operations, you need to understand the classification of cutters. Products used in modern metalworking differ in a number of significant characteristics:
- Design features of the cutter;
- Working surface material;
- Purpose of the tool;
- Teeth arrangement;
- Blade attachment method.
Despite the variety of options, it is easy to identify the main types that are common in production and in everyday life. Some cutters are designed for use on industrial equipment, but tools are also available for working with metals in home workshops. Household products are usually compatible with a hand router or drill. When choosing a tool for independent use, you should focus on the opinions of experts in order to avoid safety violations and a decrease in the quality of work.
End mills
Finger products are used by manufacturing enterprises when working on milling machines to form grooves, contour recesses and protrusions. End mills process surfaces perpendicular to each other. The tool is fixed in the spindle device with a conical or cylindrical tail. Finger cutters move in different directions, but some types are not designed for axial movement. Products are classified according to several criteria.
Flat End Mills
When cutting and rough milling metal products, a special tool is used. Flat end cutters are produced with U-shaped ends and a number of teeth of 1-6. The diameter of the shank and cutting part is from 0.2 mm. Rounding of corners with a radius value not exceeding 0.5 mm is allowed. Chips can be discharged to the right, left, straight and in a hybrid direction. The functionality of a flat face cutter is determined by the number of blades. Single-tooth products are only suitable for rough work.
Ball nose cutters
Tools for milling elements of non-standard configuration are used mainly in woodworking enterprises, but are also in demand when working with metal. Solid ball end cutters and prefabricated products with replaceable inserts are used in the serial production of stamping fixtures, injection molding products, turbine blades and other volumetric parts made of steel and alloys. Milling tools of this type are also used in artistic metal processing.
Can it be sharpened?
The question of how to sharpen a cutter is very relevant, since the material from which the working part of the tool is made tends to become dull, and buying a new one is a very expensive matter, especially if work needs to be done on a daily basis. Proper sharpening is that first of all you need to know what material the tool is made of.
If the working part has a simpler tooth shape, then you can sharpen it using a diamond wheel or sharpening stones. But in this case, it is recommended to use sharpening materials with different abrasive particles. But when it comes to sharpening the teeth of a finger cutter with complex shapes, it is best to use special machines.
Due to the fact that finger cutters are used for precise processing of materials, the surface of the teeth should not have any burrs. Since their presence will make the edges of the holes uneven, which, in turn, will lead to damage to the material, and the working surface of the teeth will become dull again very quickly.
Republished by Blog Post Promoter
Types of metal cutters for a milling machine - classification, features
To be able to process steel workpieces, giving them the desired shape, milling machines are widely used in production. Thanks to metal cutters for milling machines, products are obtained in exact accordance with the engineering design. The types of cutters presented on the domestic market today are very diverse, which allows you to choose the most suitable option for a particular case.
Main types of cutters
Principles of classification of cutters for metal
Different types of milling machines are determined by the design and purpose of the tool, as well as the method of feeding the cutter, among which we can distinguish helical, rotary and linear. The working edges of a cutting tool, each of which is essentially a cutter, are made of particularly hard steel alloys or materials such as ceramics, diamond, carded wire and others.
A variety of cutters makes it possible to select material in the most difficult areas, as a result of which the workpiece is given the required shape and turns it into a specific part.
Many types of cutters in one photo
Classification of cutters is made according to the following parameters:
- location of teeth (incisors);
- design (prefabricated, solid);
- tooth design;
- direction of teeth;
- method of fastening cutting elements;
- material of cutting elements.
Types of cutters for metal
Any novice craftsman faced with the need to process metal has to look for information about what types of cutters are available. Let us describe the most common types of cutters according to their intended purpose.
Disk
Disc cutter
Disc cutters are used for the following types of work:
- blank trimmings;
- cutting grooves;
- metal samples;
- chamfering, etc.
The cutting elements of such tools can be located on one or both sides. Depending on the type of processing (from preliminary to finishing), the size of the cutter and its teeth changes. Carbide disc cutters operate in the most difficult conditions with high vibration and the inability to effectively remove chips from the cutting area.
Among the varieties of such tools are:
- grooved;
- slotted;
- cutting;
- designed for processing metal parts on two or three sides.
The names of these tools are determined by their purpose: for example, cutting cutters are needed for cutting metal workpieces on milling machines, and with the help of slotting cutters, grooves and splines are cut.
