How to connect a well pump - installation and electrical diagram, installation in a well

Criteria for selecting a well pump

When choosing this device, you should consider the following:

1. Operating point of the unit This indicator determines the intersection of the device parameters with the properties of the well. It is known that water in wells does not have a constant level. These indicators are indicated in the passport of the water source. If there is no such document, you can take measurements yourself. It is recommended to take several measurements to obtain an average water level. It is important that their average indicator coincides with the passport characteristics of the purchased equipment, which operates in the range from 70 to 120% of its nominal parameters.
2. Types of well pumps Knowing the depth of the water source, you can determine what type of unit is needed - surface or submersible.

Fundamental differences between pump types:

• A self-priming surface device will allow you to raise water from a depth of up to 9 m. This option is suitable for small wells. Its advantage is the possibility of external fastening and easy accessibility in case of need for repair or dismantling. The negative thing is that this unit freezes in the cold and requires filling the suction channel with water before starting work. These devices are divided into: - centrifugal without an ejector, - self-priming with an ejector.
• The submersible unit will allow you to work at any depth. This type is the most suitable in any situation. It is more difficult to install, but such a pump works all year round.

Read more about choosing a well pump based on key technical characteristics and installation conditions.

Caisson installation

The caisson pit is one of the strapping methods. It is assumed that the equipment and head will be hidden. A pit is dug in the ground where the upper part of the casing pipe is placed.

The scheme is implemented in several ways:

1. Metal caisson. Steel is now a fairly expensive material, but it allows for good sealing. It is necessary to apply anti-corrosion compound on the outside. Assembly can be done independently without the use of special equipment. All you need is a welding machine.
2. Reinforced concrete rings. Installation is quite fast. But such arrangement does not allow achieving good waterproofing. You only need one or two rings, which are then covered with a concrete lid with a hatch. A frame of reinforcement is laid at the bottom and filled with concrete.
3. Plastic caisson. This is a lightweight and durable material that can only be destroyed by mechanical stress. The structure is completely sealed.

For proper operation of the system, the correct configuration is required. For this purpose, calculations are performed to select equipment.

Length of water pipeline and number of nodes

Although water will move horizontally through the system, losses in nodes and pipes cannot be avoided. It is recommended to purchase purchased equipment with a power reserve of up to 20%.

These devices are also divided into two categories:

• centrifugal , which have a higher price and better performance;
• vibration ones , which cost less and work worse.

Vibration pumps have a suction valve, which can be located:

• at the top of the device;
• at the bottom of the device.

The ability to avoid the ingress of bottom dirt, in the first option, can be compensated by the problem of working with a low water level in the well.

The second option has downsides - such a pump sucks up clay near the bottom, while the low water level will become much less of an obstacle.

The installation of vibration devices is not recommended in sand wells, which are generally considered to be all channels drilled to the depth of interstratal or groundwater.

Possible errors when connecting equipment

Types of check valves
Pump failure cannot be avoided if the height of its suspension is incorrectly determined. If set too low, small pebbles or sand will get into the pump. If, on the contrary, it is too high, air may be sucked in. Neglecting to install a non-return valve has a negative impact on the pressure device. In such a situation, each time it starts, it first fills a vertical pipe with water, and after shutting down, it is affected by a water hammer.

As the height of the water rises, the impact force increases, so the damage done to the pump will be greater.

It is also not recommended that the cross-section of the water supply pipe be too small. The operating period will remain unchanged, but this will have a bad effect on performance. Uninstalled electrical protection, especially in areas with voltage surges, can cause pump failure.

It is better to connect electrical devices through stabilizers, and complex and expensive electrical equipment through special control and protection stations. The cross-section of the electrical wire must be sufficient, otherwise the operating time of the motor will be significantly reduced.

If automation and instrumentation are installed incorrectly, as well as when pressure equipment is connected to the well, an accident in the system is inevitable. If you know little about the topic, it is better to entrust the work to professionals.

Well pump kit

Submersible pumps for meeting domestic needs are designed to work in wells Ø 75-100 mm. Models are distinguished by power, pressure, performance and type of drive (single-phase, three-phase).

The standard configuration of pumping equipment is as follows: a pump plus a power cable.

This arrangement may be sufficient if the device is intended to be used at the dacha for watering the garden.

To organize water supply at home, the devices are equipped with a control panel and additional equipment:

• automation unit;
• pressure gauge;
• pressure switch;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• check and drain valves;
• filter elements;
• deep-well pump protection unit;
• electrical voltage stabilizer.

The control package consists of a relay and a set of sensors that monitor the state of the installation and allow it to operate autonomously without human intervention.

The membrane accumulator is designed to equalize the pressure of the water supply system.

A protection sensor and voltage stabilizer support the operation of the mechanism during emergency situations, including:

• low water level in the well;
• phase failure;
• power surges;
• short circuit;
• pump overload or underload;
• engine overheating.

Main functions of automation units for pumps

A large number of suburban areas are equipped with wells and boreholes. The owners strive to have an autonomous source of water. More often this is a technical resource that is used for irrigation. But such water is also used quite actively as drinking water. In terms of chemical composition, it can significantly exceed tap water, especially if the intake is carried out from a great depth.

The automation operation scheme for water supply pumps and wells is not inferior in efficiency to central systems.

In order for the process to be technically optimal and meet the requirements, many people prefer to buy automation for a well pump.

Based on functionality, mechanisms can be divided into two types:

• automatic control of water supply;
• protective system.

Regulating mechanisms allow you to adjust the required flow. When watering - more intense, for domestic needs, including for supply to heating and household appliances - less force.

A protective mechanism prevents damage to the unit in the event of a significant voltage drop. In situations where the water level has changed, pumping is impossible; when turned on, dry running occurs.

A well-established scheme for the operation of a well and automation for water supply pumps is not inferior to central systems in terms of operating efficiency and even in some respects surpasses them. When using an individual source, interruptions and shutdowns are eliminated; electricity costs are less than paying for the amount of water consumed from the central water supply system. In cases where it is possible to use it as drinking water, the advantage becomes even more significant.

Based on functionality, automation is divided into regulating water supply and protective.

Connection sequence

Connection to a well and borehole

First, let's look at how to properly connect a pumping station to a well or well.

In this case, we will pay attention specifically to the two-pipe connection diagram, since it is more complex. We work in this order:

1. First, we assemble the ejector with our own hands. As a rule, this is a monolithic unit made of cast iron, which has three outlets.
2. We install a coarse filter made of propylene mesh at the lower outlet of the ejector.
3. There is a plastic socket at the top of the cast iron structure. You need to put a squeegee of the required length with a diameter of 32 mm on it.
4. Next, you need to assemble a squeegee to fit the diameter of the pipeline. Usually two parts with adapters are enough for this.
5. A bronze coupling is installed at the outlet of this outlet. With its help, the transition to the polyethylene pipe will be made.

1. Next, trenches are dug from the hydraulic structure to the house below the freezing point of the soil.
2. Water pipes are laid in the trenches.
3. A cap is installed at the exit of the well casing. If you can't find it, you can use a knee with a smooth angle.
4. To connect the ejector to the water supply pipeline, couplings are used.
5. Before lowering the second end of the pipe, it must be passed through the elbow at a right angle.
6. Polyurethane foam is used to seal the space. After this, the pipe can be connected to an adapter (angular), and it, in turn, must be connected to the outer part of the water supply.
7. Now you can lower the ejector into the well. In this case, the immersion depth must be determined in advance, taking into account the elevation of the top of the casing pipe.
8. The head is fixed to the casing using reinforced sanitary tape.

Features of connecting to the water supply

If there are centralized water supply networks near your home, then the pumping station can be connected to them. Typically, the need for such a connection arises when the pressure in the system is too low, which does not allow the heating equipment to function efficiently and correctly. This situation can arise for several reasons:

• the hydrogeological conditions of the area have changed;
• outdated equipment is used;
• As the number of residents has increased, water consumption needs have become greater.

To connect to the central water supply you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

1. The place where the pipeline will be disconnected is selected in advance. After stopping the water supply, the water supply is divided into two parts.
2. So the part that comes from the city highway is connected to the storage tank.
3. The liquid from this tank must flow through pipes to the pumping unit. A pipeline leading to a residential building is connected to the outlet from the pump.
4. Next, the electrical wiring is laid and connected.
5. After this, you can perform a test run, configure and adjust the equipment.

The main thing in setting up a pumping unit is to select the correct pressure in the system. To adjust the equipment, a small amount of water (about 2 liters) is poured into a special hole on the pump unit. Now you need to open the tap and measure the pressure in the system at which the pump turns off and on.

If the pressure at which the unit operates does not fall within the specified limits, it is necessary to adjust the device. It's very easy to do this:

• The cover on the pressure switch opens.
• To adjust the device shut-off pressure, use a screw marked “DR”. It needs to be twisted towards decreasing or increasing depending on the results.
• To adjust the switching pressure, you need to turn the screw marked “P”.
• After adjustment, the cover on the relay is put in place.

Also, do not forget that the long-term and proper operation of pumping equipment is affected by the composition of the water, namely various admixtures of sand and clay. To protect the equipment from impurities, a filter is installed at the suction inlet of the station.

Connecting a well pump without auxiliary equipment

The method of connecting the device without additional equipment allows its short-term operation under strict user control. This connection diagram for a well pump explains the very principle of starting the unit and cannot serve as a standard for permanent use.

Sequencing:

1. Before assembling the structure, it is necessary to check the operation of the electric motor. To do this, connect it to the network for 10 seconds and make sure there are no extraneous sounds.
2. Equip the bottom of the casing with a coarse filter.
3. Using a steel cable, attach the mechanism to the head flange through the eyes in the housing.
4. Install a check valve on the suction pipeline at a distance of 1-7 m from the pump.
5. Connect the power cable.
6. Carefully, without jerking, lower the device into the well until it touches the ground. Then smoothly lift it to a height of 1 m from the bottom of the excavation and fix it.
7. Plug the device into a power outlet connected to the house grounding bus.

How to lower it correctly

Do-it-yourself installation of a pump in a well is carried out after studying the instructions with drawings for installing the pump and gaining practical experience using the videos below.
In accordance with the passport data for the excavation and the immersion depth, the downhole unit and materials are selected. When assembling the structure and installation work, two or three people are involved, sequentially, step by step, performing the following operations:

1. We check the project package and lay out the submersible pump, pressure hose, control cable, cable and fasteners for assembly.
2. We begin assembly by installing the check valve into the outlet on the pump using an adapter fitting. In this case, we take into account the direction of movement of the liquid, indicated by the arrow on the body.
3. We cut the end of the pressure pipe at an angle of 90 degrees to the axis, put a plastic coupling with an O-ring on the hose and insert it into the body of the adapter fitting screwed into the valve. Tighten the coupling nut to secure the connection.
4. Using a heat-shrinkable sleeve, we connect the control cable to the engine, and fill the entry point of the wires into the unit body with waterproofing glue.
5. We insert a safety rope into the eyes on the device body, bend the threaded end into a loop and, using a special lock and a pressure washer, connect it to the main part of the rope.
6. To prevent the cable and cable from touching the column when lowered into the shaft, we connect it together with the hose into a single strand using plastic clamps. A meter from the pump, we fix the ties every 20 cm, and then every meter to the top of the casing.
7. Using a grinder, we cut off the casing pipe to the bottom of the caisson and install the head on the end. The cover serves to protect the well from debris, and it has holes for a pressure hose, cable and safety rope.
8. We thread the hose, cable and cable into the holes on the head. We cut off the pressure pipe at the level of the lid and insert an angle fitting into it to connect to the water main laid in the trench to the house. We attach the safety cable to the casing carabiner. We lay the cable in a trench and lead it into the technical room.
9. If the well is drilled no further than 5–7 meters from the house, the connection is simplified and a caisson is not installed. The pressure pipe is cut off at ground level and, together with the cable, is led through the head into the technical room in an insulated tray. To prevent the water from freezing in winter, a heating wire is inserted into the main hose, and a check valve is not installed on the pump. After injection, the liquid flows back, and the HDPE pipe remains dry.

Connecting the well pump to the power supply with the control unit of the automation unit

Diagram of connecting a well pump to the power supply with a control unit (automation).

The control unit is designed to control the operation of submersible pumps without user intervention. The completeness of the cabinet varies depending on the chosen model and the manufacturer.

The standard set consists of the following elements:

• contactor with thermal regulator;
• indicator lamps;
• dry running relay;
• voltage level control unit;
• starting protective device “soft start”;
• power circuit breaker;
• terminals for connecting sensors and a submersible pump to automation;
• two-position automatic machine;
• cable entries.

Based on the list of equipment, we can conclude that the installation of the cabinet must be entrusted to specialists who will connect all the sensors and adjust the operation of the pumping equipment.

Procedure for installing a water pressure system

The location of the devices must provide access for maintenance and control of the operating mode. It is imperative to provide for the ease of replacement of non-working parts. Take care in advance about protection from precipitation and freezing. To connect the submersible pump to the electrical network, you must use a special cable marked VPP or KVV. The insulation of these wires is designed to last for a long time in water, without loss of flexibility and insulating properties. The imported analogue is labeled AQUA RN8.

We recommend connecting the well pump to electricity through an RCD, which is necessary to monitor the insulation of the included devices and cable. After all, a problem identified and resolved in time means a saved budget and nerves for the head of the family.

To install the pump and run water through the pipes we will need:

• the water-lifting unit itself;
• special tank - hydraulic accumulator;
• pressure switch, selected for the capacity of the hydraulic accumulator tank;
• American coupling for connecting the pressure switch to the hydraulic accumulator;
• collet coupling, for changing from size to size;
• brass adapters;
• fittings, plastic pipes, FUM tape.

As a rule, the installation and connection of a submersible pump begins with tying up the hydraulic accumulator and installing equipment on it. All stages of assembly are presented in order in the photo:

The first stage is the preparation process. In the second photo, we use FUM tape to wind the threaded connection. Next, we install the “American” connection, which allows for simple assembly and disassembly in the future. The fourth and fifth pictures show the installation of a pressure switch and pressure gauge for visual monitoring of the process in the system. After this stage, the process of installing an outgoing bend from a PVC pipe to a tee with sensors is demonstrated. The eighth and ninth photos show the installation of the collet clamp and the water supply pressure pipe. The tenth picture shows the installed group connected to the water supply. Well, the last steps are opening and connecting to the relay block.

If your system consists of one automation unit, a pressure sensor, then the terminals of this device will indicate the input “LINE” and the output “MOTOR”. That is, the input from the “LINE” socket and the connection of the “MOTOR” submersible pump. More advanced automation consists of an electronic unit.

The pump start control unit ensures an uninterrupted supply of water to the system, protecting the engine from running dry, reacting to the presence and level of water around the pump. The unit produces a smooth start and smooth stop, extending the engine's service life, and monitors its operating mode.

Control unit diagram:

Dry running is the operation of the engine without a sufficient amount of water or without it, which causes overheating of the working windings of the engine, destruction of the insulation, and failure of the motor. This is because water in deep-well pumps plays the role of a coolant, because... passes through it and cools the case.

Finally, we recommend watching videos that clearly demonstrate the technology for assembling a water pressure increasing system, as well as the process of installing a submersible pump in a well:

So we have provided step-by-step instructions for connecting a submersible pump to the network and water supply system. As you can see, it’s not too difficult to do everything yourself, the main thing is to have a suitable installation diagram at hand, and also to know some of the nuances that we talked about in this article!

It will be interesting to read:

• Heating of water pipes with cable
• Economical heating system for a private home
• Connection diagram for a pump with a float

Automation: main components and their purpose

Before connecting a submersible pump for a well or well, a water main with the necessary automation is installed. Automatic control systems are the same for any type of electric pump, the only difference is in the settings of the control devices and the volume of the hydraulic accumulator. There are only a few main nodes; when connected, they are placed in one place and perform the following functions.

We recommend: Boilers using sawdust and long-burning wood chips: which wood waste is suitable for heating

Pressure switch

The main device that automatically controls the operation of the electric pump. Externally, the device looks like a small box with a fitting for connecting to a water line. The principle of operation of the pressure switch is quite simple: if the pressure in the system exceeds the permissible value, water presses on the valve located inside the housing behind the fitting, and a metal plate with a pusher connected to the valve diaphragm opens the contacts inside the device.

During operation, the power cable of the electric pump passes through the pressure switch, at the same time the supply circuit is broken and the pumping equipment is turned off. It is possible to adjust the pressure switch in a certain range using two adjusting screws - one sets the upper response threshold, the second screw regulates the difference between the pressure that starts and turns off the device.

Rice. 2 Automation for deep-well pump

Hydraulic accumulator and the advantages of its use

When the electric pump is turned on and off, the water in the water supply system suddenly stops or immediately begins to move - this causes water hammer, during which the pipeline and equipment experience increased loads.

When consuming water, if there is not a certain reserve, the pump will turn on and off at short intervals - this will lead to increased loads on the system and equipment and will accelerate wear on the electric pump.

To eliminate the above negative factors, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the water supply system. The device is a cylindrical metal tank, inside of which there is a rubber membrane. With the taps closed, the rubber flask of the tank is filled with water, and the pressure in the accumulator should be equal to or slightly lower than the pressure in the system. When using water, it enters the pipes from the battery, increasing the time the electric pump is turned off.

It is clear that the larger the volume of the hydraulic tank per pump, the greater the supply of water in the system and the longer the time the equipment will be at rest between start and stop, therefore, its service life will increase.

Any membrane tank has a nipple in the wall for pumping and releasing air into the chamber - this allows you to equalize the pressure in the system and the air gap behind the rubber bulb of the accumulator. If there was no such pressure in the accumulator, the rubber membrane would spread along the walls of the tank from the pressure of water and would not be able to perform its functions.

The standard minimum value of the hydraulic tank volume is not less than 10 liters, the upper limit can reach up to 100 liters.

Installation of a submersible electric pump for installation in a well

To install a submersible electric pump in a well, work is performed in the following order:

• Screws a plastic adapter coupling into the outlet of the unit to connect the pressure pipeline. If there is no built-in check valve, install your own, mounting it first at the outlet of the electric pump, then screw on the fitting for connecting HDPE pipes.
• They attach a pipe to the pump and fix it with a plastic cuff, thread a cable through the ears of the housing and connect its ends at the outlet using two special clamps, the free end is screwed to the main cable with electrical tape.
• Connect the power cable, cable and pressure hose together using electrical tape or zip ties in 1 meter increments, making sure that the power cord is secured without tension.
• The electric pump is lowered into the well to a predetermined depth. To do this, measure and cut the pressure pipe to the required length, insert it into the head, to which the cable is tied.
• After a dive, you can immediately check the operation of the electric pump without connecting to the pipeline, if the liquid supply corresponds to the passport data, connect the entire water line and then monitor and regulate the operation of the equipment with automatic devices.

Rice. 8 Preparing the downhole electric pump for immersion

To connect a well pump to a water supply system, devices are used that automate its operation, prevent frequent startup and reduce the load on the line. They can be independently assembled in one module, installed in a living space, or left in a caisson pit with a borehole head.

Features of equipment installation

There are two options for installing the pump:

1. The self-priming device is mounted next to the water source. A special submersible hose is lowered into the water at one end and attached to the pump at the other.
2. The submersible device is attached to the pipe. If it is a flexible hose, then an addition to the fasteners can be a cable, which is attached with one end to the pump, and the other to any stable element with a well. A flexible installation option is preferable, as it allows you to adjust the immersion depth of the unit. The pump is completely immersed in water. Most of these devices do not tolerate dry operation well. Therefore, it is always worth monitoring the level in the well or purchasing a pump with a float switch that will protect the device in the event of no or critically low water levels.

It is recommended to install a check valve on the pipe itself, which will keep water in the system.

The algorithm for installing submersible equipment includes the following points:

• All pipes are installed. If the pump will be installed on a rigid pipe, then it is recommended to place a small piece of flexible hose between it and the main channel for moving water into the house, which will dampen engine vibrations.
• The following are connected to the device: - cable, - electrical wire, - hose.
• The pump smoothly lowers to the bottom of the well.
• When the unit touches the bottom, the entire structure should be raised to a height of half a meter to a meter from the point of contact.
• The cable must be firmly secured, the wire must be connected to the network, the hose must be connected to the rest of the system and placed in the fastening channels.
• It is recommended to provide the upper hole of the well with a cover to prevent foreign objects and dirt from entering the system.

The electrical connection should only be made to a grounded source using a circuit breaker according to the following diagram:

Electrical connection diagram for a well pump

When installing the pump, you may need metal fluoroplastovie bushings; their options can be viewed here https://cema-bearing.com/metalloforoplastovie_vtulki/.

Some important recommendations

A special brass fitting is used to connect the check valve to the water supply pipe. The connection must also have a special drive sleeve. This measure will prevent the pipe from shrinking in diameter and will compensate for the excess stress created by the compression fitting.

The fitting, like all connecting elements, must be of high quality, designed for increased tensile loads. Otherwise, the pipe may simply jump out of the fitting. To connect the opposite end of the HDPE pipe with the outlet at the head, use the same compression drive-in fitting made of brass.

A special electrical cable for submersible pumps is available for sale. It is this that must be used to connect to the pump. Substitutions with lower quality materials are not acceptable. The power cable is connected to the pump cable by soldering; it is better not to use twisting in such an important place. The connection point is covered with a heat-shrink sleeve.

To secure the cable and cable to the water supply pipe, you need plastic clamps. They are installed every 2-3 meters. This measure helps to avoid accidental tangling of the cable while lowering the structure down. Instead of clamps, you can use electrical tape.

To attach the cable and cable to the water supply pipe, you can use plastic clamps. A special adapter will allow you to reliably connect the pump to the pipe

For the sake of economy, a special cable is used only in the area where it will be immersed in water. The remaining distance is covered by a regular PVS cable.

In any case, the cable cross-section must comply with the manufacturer’s recommendations specified in the pump data sheet.

Soldering is performed at the junction of the power cable and the pump cable. After this, the cable is closed with a special heat-shrink sleeve. To install it you will need a hair dryer

The pump can only be suspended from a stainless steel cable. Neither regular black steel nor its galvanized version are designed to withstand continuous use in water.

When lowering the pump in narrow areas, you can supplement the rotation of the pump with a small amount of pressure. But in any case, the pump must maintain a vertical position.

During installation of the pump, the well head may move slightly. You should make sure that the weight of the pump rests on the cable and is not supported by the pipe. Only after this the position of the head can be fixed with screws.

Well features

When the well is completely ready for operation, you can turn on the pump and start pumping water out of it, the quality and quantity of which can vary greatly. The main influence on this is exerted by several indicators, namely: 1. Depth

Water with different properties is extracted from different depths. These depths of occurrence of natural resources are usually called horizons. In cases with water wells, four such horizons are distinguished:

1. A simple well with a depth of up to 20 meters.
2. Well-well , having a parameter of up to 30 m.
3. Sandy horizon , which is located at a distance of 50 - 70 m below the ground surface level.
4. Artesian horizon . Its depth can be 100 meters and below.

We recommend: Penoplex - technical characteristics, dimensions, prices and installation features

The choice of the depth of the future water source will depend on many factors, some of which are:

• purpose of the source,
• required amount of water,
• presence or absence of permits,
• price,
• geodetic conditions of the area,
• depth of the aquifer.

2. Diameter

This indicator directly depends on:

• parameters of drilling equipment,
• characteristics of the future pump,
• affordability of the process,
• intended purpose.

The larger the diameter, the more expensive the well will cost, the larger the diameter of the pipes required for its installation.

The positive side will be high productivity. When choosing a drilling diameter, you should always be guided by the principle of sufficient necessity. At the same time, it is recommended to make a small margin in the parameters, since it is not always known for certain:

• how much water the future source will provide;
• how quickly it will recover;
• how the well will behave after a long time.

3. Well flow rate

This definition refers to the maximum amount of water that can be pumped out of a well in one hour. This parameter not only depends on the power of the installed equipment, but also on the recovery ability of the source itself. It is rare that large volumes of water can be endlessly pumped out of a well or a drilled artesian canal. The more powerful the equipment, the sooner the water will be pumped out. The more often pumping is done, the smaller the volumes will be. Weak equipment can work for a long time, pumping up to the top as much water as is restored in the well. Determining the exact flow rate is a complex process and unnecessary for individual use sources.

4. Volume of water consumed

This indicator depends on the flow rate of the source and the needs of its user. If water consumption is less than the well can provide, then problems with water shortage can be avoided.

The amount of water in the well, in addition to its depth and width, may depend on:

• season,
• pumping intensity,
• parameters of the equipment used.

Correct calculation of consumption will allow rational use of valuable natural resources. This will additionally allow you to:

• save energy,
• extend the life of the pump,
• provide higher quality and cleaner produced water.

A competent and careful approach to the arrangement of an autonomous source of water supply for a site will give its owner the opportunity to access the most valuable natural resource, which must be treated with respect and love. This will definitely have positive consequences in the near and distant future.

Installing a pump in a well

An important point when carrying out water supply work for a country house is the proper installation of the pump in the well. If the equipment is installed correctly, this is a guarantee of its long and uninterrupted operation.

Despite the fact that there is nothing complicated in installing a pump in a well, there are also some nuances that should be taken into account before starting work.

Important criteria when selecting water supply equipment

If the water supply equipment was selected incorrectly, installing a well pump can be a rather difficult task. The parameters that must be taken into account when choosing pumping equipment include the following:

• Dynamic and static level of a water artesian well. You can find this information in the installation passport. If you do not have such data, for example, due to the loss of documents, do not panic - this information is restored experimentally;
• To calculate the required volume of water that must be provided by the installed equipment, count the number of water consumption points. These include a sink, bathtub, shower, toilet, washing machine, dishwasher, etc.;
• Distance between the house and the water trunk.

What are the dangers of unqualified installation of a pump in a well?

If errors were made during the installation of downhole equipment or low-quality materials were used, this can cause a number of negative consequences. There are often cases when work performed by non-professionals leads to breaks in water-lifting products, the impossibility of dismantling when replacement is necessary, as well as premature breakdowns of pumps.

The first two scenarios, when the old equipment cannot be removed from the well, jeopardize the possibility of its subsequent use. Because of this, all the work has to be done anew: they drill another well, install a new caisson, since using the old one is impractical, and install new equipment.

Scheme for a submersible well pump

To connect the pump to a well in the country, first select a water intake: an open natural reservoir, a well, or drill a water well. In this case, the depth of the horizontal liquid is taken into account. Up to 8 m - the hydraulic unit is fixed superficially, deeper - it is lowered into the drilled hole. Taking into account the depth of immersion and the diameter of the drill, a cylindrical apparatus of smaller diameter is used.

Before immersing the hydraulic mechanism, lower the measuring cord with a load to the bottom, find out at what depth the liquid is located. Using a measuring cord, the exact footage of the descent and the length of the horizontal water layer are determined. If it is at a depth of 60 m, they drill further.

Connecting a submersible pump with your own hands consists of 3 stages:

1. Select according to the technical characteristics of the pump model.
2. Attaching a cable with an automation electrical cable and a lifting pipe.
3. Fastening the head to the hydraulic apparatus body.

Preference is given to screw and centrifugal designs, their advantages:

• low cost, resistance to pressure;
• connection of additional pumps;
• synchronous operation with automation;
• productivity – high efficiency with the required pressure.

The manufacturer provides a deep well pump with a table and graphs that show the ratio of pressure and displacement of liquid at the outlet. If it rises from a depth of 80 m, according to the table, the water supply network receives 30 liters. When pumping, the passage of water along a horizontal plume is taken into account: 5 m of horizon corresponds to 1 m of pressure height.

To immerse the water apparatus and hold it in the well, a steel cable is used, which is passed through the 2 upper holes of the housing head. Secure with plastic clamps parallel to the electrical cable and water-lifting polypropylene pipe. The pipe is connected at the bottom with a collapsible brass or plastic coupling.

What should a good pump be like?

First you need to select and purchase a suitable pump, as well as a number of materials necessary for its successful installation. The pump is usually submersible, but it is highly desirable that it be centrifugal.

Unlike centrifugal models, vibrating pumps cause dangerous vibrations in the well, which can lead to destruction of the soil and casing. Such models are especially dangerous for sand wells, which are less stable than their artesian counterparts.

The pump power must correspond to the productivity of the well. In addition, the immersion depth for which a particular pump is designed should be taken into account. A model designed to operate at a depth of 50 m can supply water from a depth of 60 m, but the pump will soon break down.

A submersible centrifugal pump is the optimal choice for a well. Its performance, size and other indicators should be correlated with the characteristics of your own water source

Another risk factor is the level of quality of drilling work. If an experienced team drilled, the well will better withstand the destructive effects. And for wells created with your own hands or through the efforts of “shabashniks”, it is recommended to use not just a centrifugal pump, but special models for wells.

Such devices better withstand the loads associated with pumping water heavily contaminated with sand, silt, clay particles, etc. Another important point is the diameter of the pump. It must match the dimensions of the casing pipe. It is also important to take into account the power supply features of the pump. For wells, both single-phase and three-phase devices are used.

It is easier to find equipment for four-inch pipes than for three-inch pipes. It would be good if this point was taken into account at the well planning stage. The greater the distance from the pipe walls to the pump housing, the better. If the pump fits into the pipe with difficulty rather than freely, you need to look for a model with a smaller diameter.

Read more about choosing a pump in the article How to choose a pump for a well: recommendations for choosing pumping equipment .

Scheme for a surface well pump

Conditions allow the pump to be installed upstairs. Then a scheme is used for a surface well pump, which is recommended to be placed next to the source. The advantage of an outdoor location is that the device is easily accessible if repairs need to be made.

Operation of a surface hydraulic unit is not complicated. Install a pump to the water well, lower the hose into the tank, turn on the start-up protection unit, and press the “Start” button. Recommended location for efficient work and safety:

• a few meters, closer to the water intake;
• as far as possible from the populated area;
• indoors, with exhaust ventilation;
• on a solid foundation.

• fitting for connections;
• hose, water intake hose;
• pipe entering the storage tank;
• a set of irrigation hoses;
• fittings, fasteners, clamps.

Turning on the pump and checking the water supply system

• The hose from the pump should be free and not yet connected to anything;
• Plug in the pump. The socket must be grounded;
• Pump the water until it becomes clear;

• We disconnect the pump from the outlet and switch it to the hydraulic accumulator, to the “Motor” terminals;
• We pump air into the expansion tank of the hydraulic accumulator (using a machine pump) to 1.5 atmospheres;
• We supply water from the pump to the inlet of the hydraulic accumulator fitting;
• We connect the house water supply to the outlet after the filter;
• Close all valves and faucets in the house;
• Turn on the accumulator automatic switch;
• We check for leaks in the entire system;
• On the battery pressure gauge we expect a pressure of 2.8 atm;
• We begin to open the taps in the house one by one and check the system;
• You can reduce the pressure to 2.3 atm. (for the period of testing the system 1-2 days).

All! Installation of the well pump, connection and launch of the entire water supply system are completed.

Elesant.ru

Tags: , automatic, beat, sconce, view, water heater, choice, switch, engine, house, , capacity, clamp, grounding, cable, how, design, contactor, , installation, smooth, connection, rule, principle, check, wire, manufacturer, laying, start-up, work, size, calculation, relay, repair, row, garden, system, connection, means, term, diagram, ten, type, current, installation, filter, photo, shield, effect

Types of protective automation for well pumps, connecting blocks

When choosing an automation unit for a well pump, you should pay attention to the voltage indicator recommended for normal operation of the latter, and to the permissible deviations. To protect the device from running without water, it is necessary to install a U-shaped relay. This element will turn off the pump if no water flows into it.

Modern manufacturers offer several types of protective mechanisms to ensure safe operation of pumps:

• Start-protective, they are based on printed circuit boards;
• relay blocks;
• devices whose operation is provided by microprocessors.

The connection diagram of a well pump to an automatic system that prevents overheating is carried out by performing the following steps:

Modern protective mechanisms are starter-protective, relay and microprocessor-based.

1. You need to prepare the equipment. Need to purchase:

• hydraulic tank (hydraulic accumulator);
• pressure gauge;
• adapter coupling with collet clamp;
• plastic pipes and brass adapter.

2. Wrap the entrance to the hydraulic accumulator with fum tape and screw on the adapter coupling.

3. Connect a pressure gauge and relay to the brass adapter.

4. Connect the brass adapter and the adapter coupling.

5. From a plastic pipe, assemble an elbow that will connect the relay and battery with the water supply system.

6. Connect the well pump hose using a coupling with a collet clamp.

Note! After assembling the system, be sure to ensure that the cable is securely fastened to the terminal block.

Tools and materials

Prompt installation of the pump depends on complete preparatory work. It is important to purchase all the necessary materials and equipment, in accordance with the calculations made in the project, paying attention to the product manufacturers.

1. A downhole unit that creates a vacuum to suck in liquid and, using centrifugal force, pushes it to the surface.
2. Compressor to maintain pressure in the hydraulic tank and consumption system.
3. Hydraulic accumulator.
4. High pressure pipe made of HDPE.
5. Check valve.
6. Electrical control cable.
7. Stainless steel cable.
8. Pressure gauge.
9. Cover for the casing pipe (head).
10. Adapter or tee with drain tap.
11. Automation equipment for monitoring the operation of the unit.
12. Accessories, fastening and waterproofing materials.

Control automation for a submersible pump

The automation system that regulates the operation of the pump consists of several elements. The main one is the control relay, which is supplemented by the electrical part. Depending on the features of the configuration, there are two principles of operation of the devices.

The control automation for a submersible pump consists of a control relay and an electrical part.

Regulation of water pressure in the pipeline. Valid when water is supplied from a well and the system has a hydraulic tank. After the first rise, it fills the container and is then fed into the home system. Automation operating according to this scheme has a sensor with electrodes.

Some units (usually intended for wells) are equipped with special floats to control the amount of water. It should be noted that the price of submersible pumps for wells with automation of this type is quite high, but the devices are in demand. Regardless of the method of controlling the filling of the accumulator, all tanks have an emergency drain, which, if necessary, will reduce the pressure in the tank. A positive characteristic of the operation of just such a control system is the stable operation of the pump, ensured by constant hydraulics.

Level control. This is done using commands. A certain pressure is set on the relay, the pump turns on and off depending on its change. A similar scheme is actively used in private areas; it also requires the presence of a membrane tank. As positive characteristics of such a scheme, it should be noted the relative ease of installation and the low price of the automation. The ideal picture is slightly spoiled by the inaccuracy of readings and the short service life in a system with vibration pumps.

Note! When using a pressure level control circuit, the relay can be installed in the power circuit of the pump.

The pressure switch can be installed in the power circuit of the pump.

Types of hydraulic tanks

The hydraulic accumulator is a tank made of sheet metal divided into two parts by an elastic membrane. There are two types of membrane - diaphragm and balloon (bulb). The diaphragm is attached across the tank, a pear-shaped cylinder is secured at the inlet around the inlet pipe.

According to their purpose, they are of three types:

• for cold water;
• for hot water;
• for heating systems.

Hydraulic tanks for heating are painted red, tanks for water supply are painted blue. Expansion tanks for heating are usually smaller in size and lower in price. This is due to the membrane material - for water supply it must be neutral, because the water in the pipeline is potable.

Two types of hydraulic accumulators

Depending on the type of arrangement, hydraulic accumulators can be horizontal or vertical. Vertical ones are equipped with legs; some models have plates for hanging on the wall. It is the elongated upward models that are most often used when independently creating water supply systems for a private home - they take up less space. The connection of a hydraulic accumulator of this type is standard - through a 1-inch outlet.

Horizontal models are usually equipped with pumping stations with surface-type pumps. Then the pump is placed on top of the tank. It turns out compact.

How to make a water pump with your own hands at home

Summer residents are not lazy and savvy people. Therefore, the question of how to make a water pump with your own hands without electricity is asked quite often. In fact, there are many options, all of them are quite feasible. One of the most effective and most affordable is a pump based on a pump mechanism. This is the type that is most often used in conditions where there is no electricity.

We recommend: Which heat-resistant paint for barbecue is better to choose?

To create a pump you will need the following elements and parts:

• PVC pipe with a diameter of 5 cm;
• PPR pipe with a diameter of 2.4 cm;
• two 0.5 inch check valves;
• pipe plugs and bends;
• 8 mm bolts with nuts, rubber gaskets.

The pump is assembled from the above parts. The main thing is to ensure the tightness of the structure, otherwise the mechanism will not work. The piston creates pressure in the working chamber. Under its influence, water, passing through the valves, is supplied to the outlet. It is very important that the gaskets fit tightly.

It is difficult to perceive when described, but in fact it does not cause problems to create a pump powered by solar energy with your own hands. The operating principle is somewhat reminiscent of how a submersible pump is connected to a hydraulic accumulator: gas takes part in pushing out water.

A pump based on a pump mechanism is the most affordable to make yourself.

Required components:

• metal grate;
• rubber bulb;
• cylinder with propane-butane mixture.

The grate is filled with gas and connected to the bulb. The pear is placed in a tank pre-equipped with valves for inlet and outlet. Solar energy expands the gas, the latter pushes out air, providing a pressure difference in the water tank.

Note! All tank seams must be sealed tightly. Such a pump must be located in a well-lit place.

Briefly about the main thing

Installing an electric pump in the heating circuit of the house allows you to provide the necessary pressure in it. This will allow the premises to be heated as efficiently as possible. Electric pumps are installed in homes in “dry” and “wet” versions. The second type of device is more common.

They usually try to install the electric pump on the return line after all radiators, tie-ins and a reservoir for expansion of the coolant. If necessary, it can be mounted on the supply, but at the maximum distance from the boiler.

The pump is installed on a bypass. This is a loop with a filter and shut-off valves. First, all its elements are assembled into a single structure, and then it crashes into the main pipeline with a separate tap to shut it off.

Reasons for decreasing pressure in the system and how to increase water pressure in the pumping station

Situations when the water pressure in a pumping station does not meet the requirements are quite common. Do not rush to adjust the operation of the automatic water pump. To solve problems, you should first carry out the following diagnostics:

Water pressure is affected not only by automation, but also by the condition of the filters, air pressure in the system, and the tightness of the suction pipeline.

1. Check the condition of the filters. Impurities of sand, clay and other elements can not only clog filters, but also cause corrosion of system elements, which will certainly affect the efficiency of the pump.
2. Measure the air pressure in the system. Its reduction also affects the full functioning of the station.
3. Make sure the suction pipe is tight.

If, as a result of the above actions, no problems are identified, it is necessary to intervene in the operation of the automation: check the condition of the hydraulic accumulator and set the pressure switch for the well pump. Quite often a mistake is made in which a high level of lower pressure is set. The station practically does not turn off in this mode, which, naturally, has a detrimental effect on its functioning.

Low pressure can also be caused by damage to the membrane or microcracks in the tank. Sometimes it is impossible to eliminate defects; a complete replacement of the hydraulic accumulator is required.

The water pressure in the system is easily regulated automatically.

General information

Previously, all houses installed a system through which the working environment moved naturally. The movement of water was ensured by heating it in a boiler or even an ordinary furnace. It cooled in the radiators and other elements of the building’s thermal circuit, after which it was returned to the heating equipment. It was according to this simple scheme that it circulated through the pipes.

Nowadays additional equipment is used everywhere. Before installing a pump in a heating system in a private home, specialists perform calculations and select a device, taking into account the characteristics of the building’s thermal circuit. Professionals also take other nuances into account.

On a note! A thermal circuit with natural circulation is just a relatively simple heating circuit. After all, when installing it, pipes must be laid with a slope, batteries are mounted in strictly specified places, and pipelines of exceptionally large diameter are used. In some buildings, all the rules are difficult or impossible to comply with. Therefore, it is not possible to ensure the required coolant circulation through the system.

Conventional diagram of the thermal circuit of a building with natural movement of coolant Source rtkpipe.ru
Professional installation of additional equipment allows you to solve these problems. Most homeowners turn to specialists for help. After all, they know very well how to properly install a circulation pump in a heating system.

Well pump with automation: operating features, connection

Is there a difference between borehole and sump pumps? Yes, but it would be more accurate to say that pumps with certain technical characteristics are used to pump water out of a well. These are monoblock centrifugal devices, where the engine, water intake elements and pipe are located in one housing.

The well pump is installed at a depth of no more than 25 m. It has a rather low performance. The pump for an automatic well should be positioned so that it does not drift along the water layer. It is also necessary to eliminate vibrations of the unit, as they will raise all sorts of unwanted particles from the bottom.

It should be noted that the protection against solid particles entering and sticking to the wheel blades in well pumps is weak. Therefore, when pumping contaminated water, they quickly lose their rated performance.

Well pumps, that is, centrifugal ones, differ from vibration pumps in the way they are protected from running dry. It consists of the following: when the intensity of the water flow entering the pump decreases (when air enters), the current strength of the device’s electric motor also decreases. The sensor reacts to the current situation by giving a signal to turn off the unit.

Connecting a submersible pump for a well is carried out according to the same scheme as for a well pump.

The connection diagram for a submersible pump for a well is almost the same as for a well pump. The only difference is in the method of fixation: the borehole is attached to the head; for a well, a metal frame is made, a hole is made in it, into which the cable is inserted.

Connection diagram of a pumping station to a well at the dacha

The pumping station can be placed inside the well, if there is space for this; in addition, utility rooms are often allocated for it in the house itself or in the room

Pay attention to the depth at which the pipeline will be located. The pipe must not only be insulated, but also placed below the freezing depth of the soil so that the water in it does not freeze during the cold season

In order for the system to work correctly, you need to choose not only the type of pump, but also the depth at which it will operate. The deeper the water source and the farther it is from the building, the more powerful the pump itself should be. There should be a filter at the end of the pipe; it is located between the pipe and the pump, protecting the latter from debris getting into the mechanism.

It is usually written on the devices what depth they are designed for, but it is worth taking a more powerful one, since the calculation is carried out only from the bottom of the well to its surface, without taking into account the distance to the building. It is easy to calculate: 1 meter of vertical pipe location is 10 meters of its horizontal location, since it is easier to supply water in this plane.

Depending on the type and power of the pump, the pressure may be stronger or weaker. It can also be calculated. On average, the pump provides 1.5 atmospheres, but this is not enough pressure for the normal operation of the same washing machine or hydromassage; the water heater may require a higher temperature.

In order to control pressure, the equipment is equipped with a barometer. Depending on the pressure parameter, the size of the storage tank is calculated. The productivity of the station also plays an important role. This parameter indicates how many cubic meters per minute the pump is capable of delivering. You need to calculate based on peak water consumption, that is, when all the taps in the house are open or several consumer electrical appliances are running. In order to calculate which pumping station for a well is suitable, you need to know the productivity. To do this, you need to add up the number of water supply points.

From the point of view of power supply, it is more convenient to use those systems that are powered from a 22 Volt network. Some stations operate on 380 V phases, but such motors are not always convenient, because a three-phase connection is not available in every home. The power of a household station may vary, on average it is 500-2000 W. Based on this parameter, RCDs and other devices that will work together with the station are selected. To prevent the structure from overheating, many manufacturers install automation that will turn off the pumps in the event of an emergency load. The protection also works if there is no water in the source when power surges occur.

How to calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator?

The size of the tank determines how often the pump motor will turn on. The larger it is, the less frequently the installation operates, which allows you to save on electricity and increase the service life of the system. A hydraulic accumulator that is too large takes up a lot of space, so a medium-sized one is usually used. It holds 24 liters. This is enough for a small house inhabited by a family of three.

Trailer operation of hydraulic accumulator expansion tank

If up to 5 people live in a house, then it is better to install the tank at 50 liters; accordingly, if there are more than 6 people, it should be at least 100 liters. It is worth noting that the standard tanks of many stations hold 2 liters; such a hydraulic tank can only cope with water hammer and maintaining the required pressure; it is better not to save money and immediately replace it with a larger one. It is the number of water users in the house that will determine which pumping station to choose for the dacha.

Water purification

Do not forget that water from a well, even if it is suitable for drinking, may have impurities, for example, sand, small stones, and various debris may get into it, which can be gotten rid of by using a special water purification system. The most commonly used filters are filters. They are placed outside to make them easy to change. They can have different fractions and purify water to varying degrees. At the output, deep fine filters are used.

Models

• Gilex.
• Vortex.
• Ergus.
• Bison
• Gardena.
• Wilo SE.
• Karcher.
• Pedrollo.
• Grundfos.
• Wilo.
• Poplar.
• Unipump.
• Aquario.
• Aquarius.
• Biral.
• SFA.
• Vortex.
• Waterstry.
• Zota.
• Belamos.
• Pedrollo.

Before choosing a pumping station for a summer house with a well, it would not be superfluous to find out how things are with servicing the products of the selected manufacturer, and whether there are nearby dealers who can provide spare parts.

How to raise water to a height without a pump: video, description

Do not rush to assess the conditions for cultivating soil without electricity as extreme. It is in such situations that a considerable number of gardeners find themselves who have developed plots of land in vacant lots and other unclaimed areas. Ingenuity and useful experience, which many share on the Internet, make it possible to organize water supply without electricity.

There are quite a few such pumping methods. The most accessible ones include the following:

An Archimedes screw is a device consisting of a cylinder and a screw placed inside it with a handle for rotation.

1. Application of the Archimedes screw. The device consists of a hollow cylinder and a screw placed inside it with a handle for rotation. The system must be lowered into the source at an angle. A mechanically driven screw takes in water and delivers it upward.
2. Using a hydraulic ram. The method was invented by the Montgolfier mechanic. It is based on the kinetic energy of water: the flow passing through a rigid pipe is blocked, and water flows through a check valve into the hydraulic tank located above. The tank is equipped with a fitting at the bottom, onto which a hose is placed that supplies water to the consumer.

To get more information on how to raise water to a height without a pump, it is worth watching the video:

On a note! When creating a mechanical water supply device, it should be taken into account that the most effective and affordable method is a piston system.