Steel 45

Total information

Substitute

Steel 40Х, Steel 50, Steel 50G2

Type of delivery

Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 1050-74, GOST 2590-71, GOST 2591-71, GOST 2879-69, GOST 8509-86, GOST 8510-86, GOST 8239-72, GOST 8240-72, GOST 10702 -78. Calibrated rod GOST 1050-74, GOST 7414-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78.
Thick sheet GOST 1577-81, GOST 19903-74.

Thin sheet GOST 16523-70. Tape GOST 2284-79.

Strip GOST 1577-81, GOST 103-76, GOST 82-70.

Wire GOST 17305-71, GOST 5663-79.

Forgings and forged blanks GOST 8479-70, GOST 1131-71.

Pipes GOST 8732-78, GOST 8733-87, GOST 8734-75, GOST 8731-87, GOST 21729-78.

Purpose

Pinion shafts, crankshafts, camshafts, gears, spindles, bands, cylinders, cams and other normalized, surface-improved and heat-treated parts that require increased strength.

Chemical composition (according to GOST 1050-2013)

Chemical element	%
Carbon (C)	0.42-0.50
Silicon (Si)	0.17-0.37
Copper (Cu), no more	0.25
Arsenic (As), no more	0.08
Manganese (Mn)	0.50-0.80
Nickel (Ni), no more	0.25
Phosphorus (P), no more	0.035
Chromium (Cr), no more	0.25
Sulfur (S), no more	0.04

Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

test t, °C	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	δ, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2
Normalization
200	340	690	10	36	64
300	255	710	22	44	66
400	225	560	21	65	55
500	175	370	23	67	39
600	78	215	33	90	59
Specimen with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm, forged and normalized. Deformation speed 16 mm/min. Strain rate 0.009 1/s.
700	140	170	43	96
800	64	110	58	98
900	54	76	62	100
1000	34	50	72	100
1100	22	34	81	100
1200	15	27	90	100

Mechanical properties of rolled products

Heat treatment, delivery condition	Section, mm	σB, MPa	δ5, %	δ4, %	ψ, %
Hot-rolled, forged, calibrated and silver steel of the 2nd category after normalization	25	600	16	40
Calibrated steel of the 5th category after hardening	640	6	30
Steel, calibrated and calibrated with a special finish after tempering or annealing	<590	40
Normalized and hot rolled sheets	80	590	18
Normalized or hot rolled strips	6-25	600	16	40
Hot rolled sheet	<2	550-690	14
Hot rolled sheet	2-3,9	550-690	15
Cold rolled sheet	<2	550-690	15
Cold rolled sheet	2-3,9	550-690	16

Mechanical properties of forgings

Section, mm	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	HB
Normalization
100-300	245	470	19	42	143-179
300-500	245	470	17	35	143-179
500-800	245	470	15	30	143-179
<100	275	530	20	44	156-197
100-300	275	530	17	34	156-197
Hardening. Vacation
300-500	275	530	15	29	156-197
Normalization. Hardening. Vacation.
<100	315	570	17	39	167-207
100-300	315	570	14	34	167-207
300-500	315	570	12	29	167-207
<100	345	590	18	59	174-217
100-300	345	590	17	54	174-217
<100	395	620	17	59	187-229

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature

holiday t, °С	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2	HB
Quenching 850 °C, water. Samples with a diameter of 15 mm
450	830	980	10	40	59
500	730	830	12	45	78
550	640	780	16	50	98
600	590	730	25	55	118
Quenching 840 °C, water. Workpiece diameter 60 mm
400	520-590	730-840	12-14	46-50	50-70	202-234
500	470-520	680-770	14-16	52-58	60-90	185-210
600	410-440	610-680	18-20	61-64	90-120	168-190

Mechanical properties depending on the section

Section, mm	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2
Quenching 850 °C, tempering 550 °C. Samples were cut from the center of the blanks.
15	640	780	16	50	98
30	540	730	15	45	78
75	440	690	14	40	59
100	440	690	13	40	49

Technological properties

Forging temperature

Start 1250, end 700. Sections up to 400 mm are cooled in air.

Weldability

Difficult to weld. Welding methods: RDS and KTS. Heating and subsequent heat treatment are required.

Machinability

In the hot-rolled state at HB 170-179 and sB = 640 MPa Ku tv.all. = 1, Ku b.st. = 1.

Tendency to release ability

Not inclined.

Flock sensitivity

Insensitive.

Critical point temperature

Critical point	°C
Ac1	730
Ac3	755
Ar3	690
Ar1	780
Mn	350

Impact strength

Impact strength, KCU, J/cm2

Delivery condition, heat treatment	+20	-20	-40	-60
Rod with a diameter of 25 mm. Hot rolled condition.	14-15	10-14	5-14	3-8
Rod with a diameter of 25 mm. Annealing	42-47	27-34	27-31	13
Rod with a diameter of 25 mm. Normalization	49-52	37-42	33-37	29
Rod with a diameter of 25 mm. Hardening. Vacation	110-123	72-88	36-95	31-63
Rod with a diameter of 120 mm. Hot rolled condition	42-47	24-26	15-33	12
Rod with a diameter of 120 mm. Annealing	47-52	32	17-33	9
Rod with a diameter of 120 mm. Normalization	76-80	45-55	49-56	47
Rod with a diameter of 120 mm. Hardening. Vacation	112-164	81	80	70

Endurance limit

σ-1, MPa	τ-1, MPa	σB, MPa	σ0.2, MPa
245	157	590	310
421	880	680
231	520	270
331	660	480

Hardenability

Hardness for hardenability strips HRCе (HRB).

Distance from the end, mm / HRC e
1.5	3	4.5	6	7.5	9	12	16.5	24	30
50.5-59	41.5-57	29-54	25-42.5	23-36.5	22-33	20-31	(92)-29	(88)-26	(86)-24

Heat treatment	Quantity of martensite, %	Crit.dia. in water, mm	Crit.dia. in oil, mm
Hardening	50	15-35	6-12

Physical properties

Test temperature, °C	20	100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900
Modulus of normal elasticity, E, GPa	200	201	193	190	172
Modulus of elasticity under torsional shear G, GPa	78	69	59
Density, ρn, kg/cm3	7826	7799	7769	7735	7698	7662	7625	7587	7595
Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m °C)	48	47	44	41	39	36	31	27	26
Test temperature, °C	20- 100	20- 200	20- 300	20- 400	20- 500	20- 600	20- 700	20- 800	20- 900	20- 1000
Linear expansion coefficient (α, 10-6 1/°С)	11.9	12.7	13.4	14.1	14.6	14.9	15.2
Specific heat capacity (s, J/(kg °C))	473	498	515	536	583	578	611	720	708

Foreign analogues of Steel 45

USA	Germany	Japan	France	England	European Union	Italy	Belgium	Spain	China
—	DIN,WNr	JIS	AFNOR	B.S.	EN	UNI	NBN	UNE	G.B.
1044	1,0503	S45C	1C45	060A47	1,0503	1C45	C45-1	C45	45
1045	1,1191	S48C	2C45	080M	1,1191	C43	C45-2	C45E	45H
1045H	1,1193	SWRCH45K	AF65	080M46	1,1192	C45	C46	C45k	ML45
G10420	C45	SWRCH48K	C40E	1449-50CS	2C45	C45E		C48k	SM45
G10430	C45E		C45	1449-50HS	C45	C45R		F.114	ZG310-570
G10440	C45R		C45E	50HS	C45E	C46		F.1140	ZGD345-570
G10450	CF45		C45RR	C45	C45EC			F.1142
M1044	Ck45		CC45	C45E	C46
	Cm45		XC42H1
	Cq45		XC42H1TS
			XC45
			XC45H1
			XC48
			XC48H1
Sweden	Bulgaria	Hungary	Poland	Romania	Czech	Austria	Australia	Switzerland	South Korea
SS	BDS	MSZ	PN	STAS	CSN	ONORM	AS	SNV	KS
1650	45	A3	45	OLC45	12050	C45SW	1045	C45	SM45C
1672	C45	C45E	OLC45q	12056	HK1042	Ck45	SM48C
C45E	OLC45X	K1042

Legend

Mechanical properties
σB	temporary tensile strength (tensile strength), MPa
σ0.2	conditional yield strength, MPa
σcom	compressive strength, MPa
σco0.2	compressive yield strength, MPa
σ0.05	elastic limit, MPa
σben	bending strength, MPa
σ-1	endurance limit during bending test with a symmetrical loading cycle, MPa
δ5, δ4, δ10	relative elongation after rupture, %
ψ	relative narrowing, %
ν	relative shift, %
ε	relative settlement at the appearance of the first crack, %
τK	ultimate torsional strength, maximum shear stress, MPa
τ-1	endurance limit during torsion testing with a symmetrical loading cycle, MPa
KCU and KCV	impact strength, determined on a sample with concentrators of the U and V types, J/cm2
HRСе and HRB	Rockwell hardness (scale C and B respectively)
HB	Brinell hardness
H.V.	Vickers hardness
HSD	Shore hardness
Physical properties
E	normal modulus of elasticity, GPa
G	modulus of elasticity in torsional shear, GPa
ρn	density, kg/m3
λ	thermal conductivity coefficient, W/(m∙°C)
ρ	electrical resistivity, Ohm∙m
α	linear thermal expansion coefficient, 10-61/°С
With	specific heat capacity, J/(kg∙°С)

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ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1. Rolled products are accepted in batches consisting of steel of one heat, one size and one heat treatment mode (when manufactured in a heat-treated state).

By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, batches are formed from steel of the same grade of several heats of the same size.

Each batch is accompanied by a quality document in accordance with GOST 7566.

When deoxidizing agents other than silicon are used for semi-quenched steel, a corresponding indication is made in the quality document.

For rentals accepted with characteristics established by the consumer in accordance with paragraphs. 2.2 and 2.3, the quality document indicates the test results for the ordered indicators.

3.2. The rolled products are subjected to acceptance tests.

3.3. To check the quality, the following are selected from a batch of rolled products:

for chemical analysis - samples in accordance with GOST 7565. The manufacturer periodically controls residual copper, nickel, chromium, arsenic and nitrogen, at least once a quarter. When producing steel, taking into account the manganese equivalent, control of residual copper, nickel and chromium is carried out at each heat;
to control surface quality and dimensions - all rods, strips and coils;
to control the macrostructure by fracture or etching, to test for impact bending, to determine the depth of the decarbonized layer - two rods, strips or coils;
to test hardness - 2% of rods, strips or coils, but not less than 3 pieces;
for tensile testing - one rod, strip or coil for control in a normalized state, two rods, two strips or two coils for control in a cold-worked, annealed, high-tempered or tempered condition;
to determine hardenability - one rod, strip or coil from a ladle melt of steel of all grades that do not contain boron, and two rods, two strips or two coils from a ladle melt of steel grades containing boron;
to determine the grain size - one rod, strip or coil from a melting ladle;
for slump testing - three rods, strips or coils;
To determine hardness after hardening, use two longitudinal samples from the melt.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3.4. If unsatisfactory test results are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeated tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 7566.

The results of repeated tests are applied to the entire batch.

RENTAL CHARACTERISTICS INSTALLED BY AGREEMENT OF THE CONSUMER WITH THE MANUFACTURER IN THE NTD

1. Rolled products with a normalized mass fraction of nitrogen in electric steel.

2. Rolled products with a lower hourly fraction of manganese, reduced against the norms of the table. 1 per manganese equivalent equal to:

BM = 0.3 (Cr%) + 0.5 (Ni%) + 0.7 (Ci%),

where Cr, Ni, Cu is the residual actual mass fraction of chromium, nickel, copper in steel, not exceeding the standards specified in Table 1.

3. Rolled products calibrated from steel grades 08, 55 and 60 in a cold-worked or heat-treated state with control of mechanical properties.

4. Rolled products with normalized impact strength on type I samples at a temperature of minus 40°C.

5. Rolled products with normalized impact strength on type II samples at a temperature of plus 20°C and sub-zero temperatures.

6. Rolled without control of relative contraction.

7. Rolled products calibrated and with a special surface finish with normalized hardness in a normalized and tempered state and hardened with a tempering state.

8. Long-rolled products with standardized hardness in a normalized state.

9. Rolled products with standardized hardness within specified limits.

10. Rolled products without hardness control.

11. Rolled products with a standardized austenite grain size.

12. Rolled products with standardized purity for non-metallic inclusions.

13. Rolled products with standardized purity based on hair fibers identified on the surface of finished parts by the magnetic method or etching.

14. Rental of small-tonnage lots.

APPENDIX 6

APPENDIX 7

APPENDIX 8 Mandatory

TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. Transportation and storage - in accordance with GOST 7566 with the following addition.

5.1.1. Products are transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of goods in force for this type of transport. By rail, transportation is carried out depending on the weight and overall dimensions in covered or open cars. The weight of the cargo package should not exceed 10,000 kg for mechanized loading in open vehicles, and 1,250 kg in covered vehicles. Packaging, means and methods for forming packages - in accordance with GOST 7566.

When sending two or more packages, the dimensions of which make it possible to arrange a transport package with overall dimensions in accordance with GOST 24597, the packages must be formed into transport packages. Fastening means - according to GOST 21650.

GOST 1050-88 - Long-rolled products, calibrated, with special surface finishing, made of high-quality carbon structural steel. General technical conditions

Steel 45

Total information

Chemical composition (according to GOST 1050-2013)

Mechanical properties

Technological properties

Critical point temperature

Impact strength

Endurance limit

Hardenability

Physical properties

Foreign analogues of Steel 45

ACCEPTANCE RULES

RENTAL CHARACTERISTICS INSTALLED BY AGREEMENT OF THE CONSUMER WITH THE MANUFACTURER IN THE NTD

APPENDIX 6

Recommended

APPENDIX 7

Recommended

APPENDIX 8

Mandatory

TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

ANNEX 1

Mandatory

SAMPLE SELECTION SCHEME FOR DETERMINING HARDNESS AFTER HARDENING

Recommended