The stamping press, which is used to forge metal blanks, operates according to a fairly simple scheme. The principle of its operation is essentially similar to the principle of operation of a conventional hammer, which is used to strike a metal product in order to deform it and give it the required configuration.
Mechanical presses type K2130 are used in cold sheet stamping areas
What equipment is desirable to have when organizing the production of furniture from chipboard
In this case, the set of machines must include the following types.
Format-cutting
This equipment is intended for cutting slab and sheet materials. These format circular saws (this is what, technically correctly, the mentioned machine is called). The device ensures that cuts are made in the required direction (transverse, longitudinal). It is equipped with cutting (main) and scoring (additional) discs, which allows you to get an even cut edge in one pass. Allows you to cut at the desired angle and obtain beveled edges.
There are similar products from different brands on the market. But all such products have approximately equal performance.
The difference in price is determined by the brand, the length of the permissible stroke of the carriage, the presence of additional devices and units, and the ability to tilt the cutting tool.
When purchasing, you must choose a model whose stroke length is at least 10 cm greater than the maximum dimensions of materials supplied for cutting.
Increased productivity and adjustment accuracy is achieved by equipping the longitudinal ruler and transverse ruler stops with electronic actual position indicators.
Band saw vertical
The main advantage is the ability to make curved elements and the small area required for installation (very important for small businesses).
If necessary, you can replace machines of the mentioned type with models with a vertical table designed for cutting.
Edge banding
They are offered by manufacturers in manual and automatic versions. Used for applying edges made of various materials to panels.
The designs differ in the tasks they solve. Edges can be applied to: end, curved and straight panels. Such equipment ensures the formation of an edge with a thickness of (0.4-5.0) mm and a width of ≤10 mm. average feed speed in automatic mode, 5 mm/sec.
They are in demand when processing natural (paper, veneer) and synthetic (ABS, PVC, melamine) materials.
Edge trimming is carried out after cutting the workpiece on a format-cutting machine.
The type of machine is selected taking into account the range of furniture produced.
Drilling
Each manufactured product is assembled from several elements. therefore, they have holes for installing fittings and fasteners. This can be done as accurately as possible using multi-spindle (from 2 to 23, in the vertical plane, from 2 to 35, in the horizontal) drilling and filler machines.
Most models allow corner drilling. The required accuracy is ensured by pneumatic clamps with which the workpiece is fixed on the table. You can drill blind, through holes.
Copy-milling
This device ensures precise execution of panels and grooves within the contour of the workpiece. Allows you to produce complex elements of decorative finishing of facades and make shaped details. They differ from a conventional milling machine by the presence of a cutter with which the probe is synchronized. This allows you to produce the required number of parts according to the specified size and shape.
Radial forging equipment for hot metal processing
A radial forging machine is used to produce shafts of various diameters with high productivity. With such a unit it is possible to set up production of up to 300 thousand finished products per year, which is quite enough to supply a large manufacturing enterprise with them.
The limited use of such a machine for metal stamping is explained not only by its high cost, but also by the fact that setting up its operating modes is a rather complex process, so it is advisable to perform it only if you plan to produce products of a certain diameter in large quantities.
Radial forging machine (RFM) ensures high stamping accuracy, producing parts with minimal allowances
The sequence of actions during which radial forging is performed is as follows.
- The part is fed into an induction device to bring it to the required heating temperature.
- After the metal acquires the required degree of plasticity, the part is sent along a roller container (rolling table) to a gripping device, with the help of which it is fed into the processing zone.
- There, the workpiece is fixed by elements of another gripping device, after which it is acted upon using special strikers.
- To ensure uniform processing on all sides, the part is constantly rotated, for which a special gripping mechanism is used.
Schemes of operation of forging machines of radial and rotary type
In order to set in motion the working mechanism of equipment for radial forging, a kinematic diagram is used, the elements of which are:
- drive motor;
- V-belt transmission;
- four vertically mounted shafts with eccentric axle boxes;
- a connecting rod with a striker and a slider attached to it.
The main automatic elements of the machine are the tracing drums, which are responsible for both the synchronous approach of the strikers and the subsequent movement of the workpiece. The rotation of the grip in which the workpiece is held is imparted by an electric motor through the worm gear elements. The braking of this mechanism, which occurs during forging, is provided by a spring clutch.
One of the types of forging equipment is a horizontal forging machine, in which the workpiece is also located parallel to the ground. Devices of this type are used primarily for forming end thickenings on rod-type workpieces. During processing, the part is located in a split matrix, the channels of which are oriented in the horizontal plane.
The processing process performed on such a machine occurs in the following sequence.
- The workpiece is placed in the stationary part of the matrix.
- The moving part of the matrix, connected to the slider, is driven by the crankshaft.
- Approaching the stationary half of the mold, the movable part of the matrix tightly covers the processed rod.
- After clamping the part with the top of the mold, the crankshaft connected to the connecting rod drives the impact punches.
- At the end of processing, all moving parts of the machine return to their original position, and the moving and stationary parts of the mold are opened.
What is required when making solid wood products?
In addition to the individual types of machines mentioned above (milling, format-cutting), products of other types will be required:
Jointing
Can be replaced by a complex installation with a simultaneous planing width of 400 mm.
Trimming
It simplifies cross-cutting and helps remove natural defects of natural wood before moving on to the stage of final cutting of a specific part.
Turning
Used for the manufacture of decorative finishing elements made of metal (custom fittings, supports, etc.).
Grinding
Sanding is a very important step for natural wood parts.
It is recommended to purchase a machine that can grind not only flat, but also relief structural elements.
The basis of any furniture production is a CNC milling machine
When organizing furniture production, various models of machines of this type are used:
- Tabletop (mini) – very convenient for use in rooms with limited space.
When equipped with a special rotary device, they allow 4D processing of workpieces. The disadvantage is the small size of the latter.
- Drilling and milling – these universal models allow you to perform complex processing of workpieces, including: threading, drilling, milling work, and reaming holes.
These machines are available in almost any furniture production. The main advantage of the equipment in question is that, with a relatively compact size, it allows you to perform many operations. Especially if you have CNC.
- Combined - similar machines are made on the basis of turning and milling machines, which are equipped with a three-axis unit and CNC. in fact, the equipment of the mentioned group can be classified as four-axis.
Rotary and roller forging equipment
At large manufacturing enterprises, roller-type conveyor equipment is often used to perform forging operations. The workpieces are processed using the crimping method, which is performed by rotating rollers. Rotary forging machines operate on a similar principle, the processing of parts in which is also carried out during the rotation of the working bodies.
The rotational forging method ensures waste-free processing of workpieces
Specialists who professionally engage in forging and stamping operations have to solve a number of issues in order to obtain a product of the required quality. Among such issues, in particular, are the choice of equipment, the development and production of molds, and the equipping of machines with various tools and devices.
3D milling machines
The models of this type of equipment we offer are almost completely automated.
Together with the installed CNC, this allows us to completely eliminate the negative influence of the “human factor”.
The machines of this group make it possible to produce three-dimensional elements of furniture structures of any type. The built-in computer analyzes the program, pattern depth, part configuration, and other parameters and strictly observes them during processing.
The design of such a machine, regardless of brand, includes the following basic elements.
- Milling cutter
The basic element responsible for cutting, engraving and cutting workpieces. It is a replaceable element (the machine kit includes a set of cutters for various purposes and configurations).
- Chuck
Fixes the cutting tool on the spindle. Most often, this is a collet that allows you to ensure the required position of the cutter on the spindle axis.
- Motors – to move the head along each of the axes, its own is used.
- Spindle
Provides transmission of rotational motion from the engine to the cutting tool, compensates for vibration during rotation and increases processing accuracy.
- Gearbox
Converts torque by increasing or decreasing the speed. It crushes the stroke, which ensures maximum precision in processing the workpiece.
- Toothed rack
Rails for moving the base processing unit in combination with a mechanical transmission that converts gear rotation into translational movement of the unit.
- Guide axes – specify movement along the Y and X axes.
- The control system is a built-in computer with the ability to change the loaded software.
- Cooling system – together with the lubrication system, increases the reliability and durability of the machine.
- Machine table
This is where the main work area is located. Most modern 3D machines are equipped with vacuum tables. The operation of the vacuum pump allows you to quickly remove dust and chips during the processing of the workpiece.
One of the most popular models in this group is the machine from the Wattsan model A1 1313 line. The Wattsan A1 1313 CNC milling and engraving machine is an economical and convenient device that cuts and engraves wood, MDF, chipboard, acrylic, plexiglass, PVC, composite, aluminum .
With a power of 2.2 kW, it is capable of high-quality processing of workpieces made of any materials (natural wood, glass, acrylic, etc.).
Has a welded frame and slatted table. The total weight reaches 600 kg. It is equipped with supports that dampen operating vibrations, a vacuum table, an aspiration system, inductive sensors, and other useful mechanisms.
Hydraulic and crank type stamping presses
From the moment people learned to perform metal forming, the work of the specialist who did it was considered one of the most honorable. Over time, the need for metal products obtained using forging technology only increased, and the actively developing industry began to need them. All this led to the fact that for forging, not the manual labor of blacksmiths, but special equipment for stamping was used.
A fairly common type of device used for forging is a kind of hammer analogue - a stamping press. Using such stamping equipment, it is possible to perform a whole list of technological operations, namely: changing the shape of the workpiece by means of its plastic deformation, forming a given relief on its surface, cutting out individual fragments, etc. On such a device, in particular, they give shape to the workpieces for the manufacture of which casting was used. Presses used for stamping operations can be crank or hydraulic.
Press diagrams: a – vertical hydraulic; b – horizontal; c – crank; g – friction; d – hydraulic screw
A crank press is used in cases where it is necessary to perform simple metal forming by pressure. The main element of such equipment, which converts the rotational movement of the drive motor shaft into reciprocating movement of the slider, is the crank mechanism. That is why a crank press is often called a stamping crank press. It is very popular both among manufacturers and private craftsmen; there are even models of a tabletop crank press. This popularity is explained not only by the high efficiency and functionality of this equipment, but also by the fact that maintenance and repair of crank presses does not cause any special problems.
Hydraulic stamping press 4-column
Hydraulic stamping presses are equipped with two working chambers in which the required pressure is created in the working fluid. The liquid under pressure enters the cylinder with another piston, through which reciprocating motion is imparted to the slide.
Four-axis milling machines equipped with CNC
They differ from the models discussed above in the presence of an additional rotary axis, or with the implemented ability to move the spindle fixed to the portal along the Y axis.
The first option provides for the presence of a rotary axis, the design of which includes heads with a cylindrical tip and a clamping chuck connected to the motor (provides rotation of the workpiece). The headstocks are able to move in space, providing adjustment of the distances between structural elements.
The second involves placing the 4th axis directly on the spindle (it is the spindle that is deflected to process the workpiece at the required angles). Disadvantage: the angle is ≤90°.
For those who plan to seriously engage in furniture production, we recommend the M1 1325 RD model from the Wattsan line, which has unique performance characteristics:
- The dimensions of the workspace are 2500*1300, which will allow the production of furniture of any size;
- the two-phase motor has a long service life;
- the weight of the machine exceeds 1000 kg, which reliably compensates for any vibrations;
- the frame is made of a welded reinforced profile and will serve the owner for a long time in any operating mode;
- This model allows long-term continuous operation, thanks to the built-in water cooling system.
