Turning workshop. Business idea for a garage or basement

Organizational plan

When implementing a business plan for a carpentry workshop, do not forget about the registration process, searching for employees, and choosing a taxation system. All this data is an integral part of any project.

Staff

The selection of personnel requires special attention. After all, the reputation of the organization depends on their work.

When applying for a job, each employee must have specialized education and experience in similar fields. For full operation of the workshop you will need:

• one technologist with experience who controls the entire production process and participates in its organization.
• Two carpenters.
• One assistant for each carpenter. During the production process, they will assemble products and perform minor work. This will allow the carpenter to do the main work and not waste time on minor work that an assistant can do.
• General workers. Their responsibilities will include packaging finished products, cleaning the premises, and unloading and loading operations.
• Sales Manager.
• It is not necessary to have a full-time accountant; it is enough to enter into an outsourcing agreement with a third-party organization.

The size of the wage fund in this case can vary from 130 to 170 thousand rubles monthly.

Choosing a tax system

As a taxation system, you can choose the simplified taxation system (simplified taxation system). The amount of tax paid will be 15% of the organization’s net profit or 6% of total income.

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Registration process

Regardless of the number of founders, you can choose an individual entrepreneur or LLC as a registration form. Each form has its own advantages: IP:

• Registration costs are lower.
• It is not necessary to have an authorized capital.
• There may be no employees on staff.
• Bookkeeping is simplified.
• The owner disposes of the income at his own discretion.

OOO:

• Lenders need authorized capital, which acts as a guarantor.
• Insurance and pension contributions are not paid after the suspension of activities.
• Several people can act as founders.

How to select personnel

The selection of staff is approached responsibly. A company's reputation has a direct connection with the quality of their work. Hire candidates who have specialized education and work experience in their specialty.

In order for the workshop to function fully and without interruptions, you will need:

• production technologist - will control the process and participate in its organization;
• carpenter - 2 people;
• assistant carpenter - 2 people. They will take over small operations and assemble finished products. Their labor is valued cheaper than the services of a carpenter;
• general workers - 2-3 people. Their responsibilities: pack the goods, clean the hall, perform loading and unloading;
• Sales Manager;
• accountant - alternative - an outsourcing agreement with a company.

For staffing, the cost estimate includes 120,000 - 140,000 rubles every month.

Necessary equipment and tools

Do-it-yourself cold forging is carried out using a standard set of equipment consisting of the following machines:

1. The bender is used for bending a steel square, circle or rod at an angle. With its help, you can also bend metal with an arc with a given radius of curvature.
2. The wave gives a piece of metal a wave-like shape; its equipment allows you to obtain a wave of the desired size and curvature.
3. The snail serves to twist the rod into a spiral.
4. A twister is used to twist a rod along its longitudinal axis with a set period.
5. A flashlight is a device that works on the same principle as a twister, but it additionally makes it possible to intertwine pieces of twisted rod or other high-quality metal with each other.

1. A circular saw or a powerful grinder with a cutter for cutting pipes, rods, circles and squares.
2. Welding machine.
3. Two or three turbines with a set of nozzles for cleaning metal from rust and cleaning welds.
4. Spray gun for painting finished products.

Developing a plan for opening your own turning workshop

It was 2012, the month of October, when I was leaving the entrance of the enterprise, holding in my hand my work book and my last, so to speak, “forced” wage. It should be noted that I already approximately understood what I would do, what I would buy, where and what I would do, so I need to start the story from this point: planning. Even if it’s in a notebook at home, you still need to think carefully about any business so as not to go broke in the first six months and not become a laughing stock for others and yourself. For readers, I will make a short list, which, I hope, will help in the difficult undertaking of an entrepreneur, namely the organization of metal turning. So here's my list:

1) CAPITAL. From a business point of view, I didn’t need that much money. I earned them by putting aside part of my salary on a deposit card. This amount can be saved for 3 years by an ordinary hard worker of my profession in our country. In the Russian Federation, since wages in this state are much higher, it is possible to put together such a “capital” in 1.5 years. I managed to collect it in 1 year and 6 months, because I was already a highly qualified specialist, and my salary was appropriate. Let's take the initial amount to be 100,000 UAH. (RUB 300,000).

2ND PLACE. How does the turning shop that I decided to open differ from the many workshops and enterprises in my city? Yes, because I thought of placing it on the market. What's the gain? At first I was asked exactly these questions, but from the very first day I had no end to customers. An absolutely winning place that does not require advertising. There was no competition as such.

3) DESIGN. Since I work in Ukraine, I will not talk about setting up a private enterprise in this country. I will only say that it is almost identical to individual entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation, only it costs a little more and the registration process takes place in different government bodies. Yes, and taxes at the time of registration were higher. If you are thinking of working on your own, it will be easier and cheaper. This is what I did at first, but you can also hire a person.

4) EQUIPMENT. The most important thing in this matter is the lathe. Actually, he is our “breadwinner”. Naturally, the better the quality of the machine and the newer it is, the greater the range of products that can be made. For my purposes, a tabletop machine, new, purchased at a large construction hypermarket, was suitable. He made up the lion's share of the expenses. In 2012, the machine cost 15,000 UAH. (RUB 45,000). You can make small parts on it, but we don’t need big ones. The advantage of tabletop machines is the supply voltage. It is 230 Volts, which actually satisfies most of the conditions provided in the markets of our countries. For example, industrial equipment is powered by a 380 Volt network, which is not available everywhere, so be careful. Also, metal cutters should go to the machine. Another necessary equipment is a sharpening machine and a stone for it. At the time of purchase of the machine, its cost was 3,000 UAH. (about 9,000 rubles).

5) CLIENTURE. As mentioned above, from the first day I had no end to clients. Who are these people? These are ordinary citizens who have something broken. These are small entrepreneurs who prefer to carry out minor repairs, just in establishments like mine. Why in mine? Yes, because large private workshops set a very high price for a single batch, and factories do not undertake to place such orders at all. So people are left to throw away a broken product, without being able to replace the part in it.

Milling machines

Milling machines are designed for processing the external and internal surfaces of parts; they can be used to cut grooves and grooves of various sizes and diameters. The milling cutter is attached to the spindle and processes the workpiece by creating rotational movements. Milling machines, like lathes, come in several types.

Universal - a milling machine is used to process the surfaces of light and small parts; the table of such a machine moves at different angles, directly to the axis. Horizontally - the milling machine differs from the previous one in that it does not have a rotating device; it can only move horizontally to the spindle axis. The highly versatile milling machine is equipped with another spindle head, making it possible to process not only with a milling machine, but also to simultaneously perform boring and drilling. A vertical cantilever milling machine has a vertical spindle, which significantly expands its technological capabilities.

A longitudinal milling machine is used for processing large-sized parts; four spindles can be installed on such a machine at once. If you need strict adherence to the dimensions of a part, then you need a jig boring machine; it is used for processing complex parts elements. These machines can be used to drill, countersink and turn parts.

Necessary equipment for a carpentry workshop

It is difficult to make a list of tools for a carpentry workshop. A lot here depends on the size of the room, the type of product being manufactured, and the preferences of the craftsman. However, the list of the most necessary tools includes:

• drill;
• screwdriver;
• wood saw;
• metal saw;
• plane;
• mallet;
• chisel;
• drill;
• Grinder;
• jigsaw;
• wire cutters;
• furniture stapler.

In addition, you will need to purchase small but necessary things:

• pliers;
• awl;
• wire cutters;
• roulette;
• vice;
• level;
• square; screwdrivers.

You will need to allocate at least 30,000 rubles for equipment. You will need more money if you expect to hire several craftsmen.

Buy a high-quality tool right away; not only the safety of your employees, but also the competitiveness of your products depends on it. At the same time, buying an elite tool for a small workshop is not always justified. You can often get by with manual options, at least at the start. There are many articles on the Internet and videos on Youtube on making handmade tools. This option can also be considered by a novice master; it will allow you to save a lot on equipment.

Take care of where you store your tools. You will need shelves, racks and boxes. Craftsmen also need protective clothing, gloves and goggles to comply with safety precautions.

In addition to the above, you will need to purchase paints, varnishes, adhesives, oils and other consumables. They will cost about 5,000 rubles monthly.

How to build it yourself

A normal machine costs at least 50,000 rubles. If you assemble it yourself, this amount will be significantly reduced.

Attention. To make a homemade lathe, it is advisable to use standard drawings

There are all the dimensions of the parts and the order of assembly.

These drawings can be improved. For example, it is worth adding an emergency shutdown button, a thermal relay that protects against overheating, and a protective casing.

Selection of parts

Certain elements of the device will have to be purchased assembled, such as the motor and clamp. Some are purchased separately and ordered in workshops, where they will be made to the required dimensions. The better the steel used, the longer the machine will last.

Base

The best choice would be to use a cast frame from an old non-working machine. The stability of the unit depends on the base. As an alternative, you can weld a frame from channels or profile pipes. You cannot take wood, as it will not be able to withstand the workload.

Electric motor and transmission

For the engine, you can use a device from an old washing machine or other household appliances that have sufficient power. It is also worth considering purchasing a new engine, since the price is not too high.

It is better to use a belt drive. It is much easier to assemble. Also, when using a belt directly on the shaft, there is less impact, and this significantly increases the service life.

Master and slave centers

These two nodes are placed on the same axis. There is also a type of machines that have one leading center. The follower must be placed on the tailstock (it can be rotating or stable). The sharpened end of the bolt is suitable for manufacturing.

Business plan for your production in a garage

Taking a pen or pencil, armed with a calculator, you need to put your business ideas on paper, supporting them with calculations. This is how you will draw up your own small business plan. By the way, this experience may be useful in the future: when expanding your business, additional financial investments may be required. When applying for a loan from a bank for production development, a business plan is one of the necessary documents.

What needs to be included in the plans:

1. Analysis of the market situation, competitiveness of the products or services offered.
2. Reflect sales routes (how, to whom, under what conditions).
3. Costs for refurbishment of the garage (repairs, supply of electricity, water, sewerage).
4. Required equipment, accessories, acquisition routes and total cost.
5. Monthly need for raw materials, approximate costs for its purchase.
6. Salaries of hired employees.
7. Expenses that need to be allocated to support your family.
8. Overhead costs: advertising, transport, etc.
9. Organizational expenses (registration).

It is very important not to miss negative factors that can significantly affect the profitability, or even unprofitability, of your business:

1. Remote location of the garage from your own place of residence.
2. Inconvenient location for certain types of activities (retail outlet, dining room, tire service).
3. Lack of centralized power supply, water, and sewerage systems.
4. Inconvenient access roads (bad or confusing roads) – affects customers.

Having carried out such an analysis, it will be clear how much initial costs will be needed, what approximate volume of products must be sold per month in order to generate a profit in the final balance.

It is difficult to give specific figures - any type of activity requires its own specific investments. In addition, costs will also vary by region, for example, organizing a business in the northern region or in the southern regions.

Registering a business and choosing a location

The project requires registration of a legal entity LLC, registration of permits for the use of land or its lease, permission from fire inspection, electrical inspection, safety service and many others. It is advisable to seek advice from an industrial lawyer on this issue.

Based on the specificity of the project, it is necessary to correctly determine the location of production. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the presence of certain engineering structures:

1. Proximity to various transport routes, including railways, ports, airfields. Parking places for wheeled vehicles and convenient railway access roads.
2. Availability of utility networks - electrical networks, sewerage, communications, heating networks, water supply.
3. Proximity to suppliers and consumers of manufactured products.

In the absence of utility networks, there will be a need to provide them. Otherwise, the functioning of production will encounter great obstacles or it will collapse completely. To build it yourself is an exorbitant amount of money, and its return will take many years. Here you need to decide on the type of activity of the workshop:

• production and sales;
• development of experimental products and their implementation.

In both cases, it is important to have access routes for receiving components and removing finished products for sale. It is also very important that consumers are located closer to avoid unnecessary expenses

Workshop assortment

Sometimes it is difficult to determine which products are in demand on the local market. In such cases, it is recommended to use win-win types of carpentry - design and manufacture of furniture, door panels, window blocks or finishing materials: such products are always in demand. Products must be non-standard and original: otherwise the workshop will have to compete with large factories that mass produce standard models.

What you can produce for sale with your own hands in a garage or in a medium-sized workshop:

1. Bedroom furniture - wardrobes, chests of drawers, bedside tables, beds;
2. Living room furniture - walls, sets, shelving, coffee tables;
3. Hallway furniture - cabinets, hangers, shelves;
4. Kitchen furniture - sets, dining tables, chairs, stools;
5. Furniture for business - display cases, bar counters, tables and chairs;
6. Furniture and items for the bath - basins, benches, deck chairs, buckets, tubs;
7. Garden furniture - benches, dining sets, armchairs and sun loungers;
8. Wooden shutters, carved address signs;
9. Prefabricated structures - gazebos, animal booths, swings, fences;
10. Staircase structures, railings, fences, balusters, balconies;
11. Window frames for conventional glazing and double-glazed windows;
12. Doors and door frames;
13. Finishing materials - wall panels, baseboards, trim, parquet;
14. Kitchen utensils - bread bins, coasters, napkin holders, figured and regular rolling pins, spatulas, bowls, cutlery, cutting boards.

Another production format is a creative workshop. Having an artistic mindset, you can start by making exclusive carpentry products with your own hands at home, and as your client base grows, hire assistants and open a specialized workshop that produces:

• Furniture stylized as antique;
• Carved jewelry boxes;
• Corporate souvenirs, boxes for expensive gifts;
• Photo frames, frames for pictures and mirrors;
• Carved vases and candlesticks;
• Stands for flower pots;
• Carved panels, icons;
• Board games;
• Children's toys, construction sets and puzzles;
• Keychains, talismans, amulets.

Profit and profitability

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To calculate the profit of a small business, you need to figure out how to calculate the cost of carpentry. The initial data for the calculation are provided by the same industry standards that regulate the time spent on each operation, from cutting blanks to assembling the finished product. Material cost is the sum of the costs of raw materials, consumables and finishing materials. Finally, the selling price is determined by the market. Suppose a carpentry shop produces doors made of solid pine:

Income calculation

It remains to be determined how profitable a carpentry workshop is as a business. If the enterprise’s source of income is only production (excluding earnings from the assembly and installation of structures), then the profitability indicator will exceed 20%, and the payback period will be 1.8 years:

Calculation of business payback

Choosing a location for a turning workshop

A well-located lathe shop will be guaranteed orders without large advertising costs. If possible customers are nearby or regularly pass by, they will find the workshop themselves. The most successful location for the workshop will be:

• in a garage cooperative;
• next to a busy road;
• near the hardware store;
• on the market territory.

The main customers at first will be technicians involved in the repair of various equipment, installation of heating systems, and motorists. While searching for spare parts, they will find a lathe shop located in a prominent location.

In villages with a small population, orders will need to be sought externally and metal imported from afar for work. Transport costs will absorb a considerable part of the profit. In remote villages and on the outskirts of large cities, you can open workshops if the business becomes wider, there are frequent orders in batches, and the existing equipment cannot cope with the load. Renting premises on the outskirts will be more affordable for a branch. Local workers do not expect to earn Moscow-level wages, but it will be more difficult to select personnel.

8–10 sq/m is enough, on which there will be a small layout:

• lathe - the basis of the business;
• optional equipment;
• tool storage location;
• area for blanks and rolled products;
• table or shelf with prepared products;
• washbasin with water;
• fire extinguisher.

When choosing a place for a workshop, you need to look for the presence of:

• electricity;
• water supply and canopy;
• the presence of a plumbing unit.

It is difficult to install a toilet in a cramped room. It is easier to locate your own business in a market or next to a store. In this case, a social bathroom will be within easy reach.

For a certain period of cold weather, it is necessary to install heating in the room and ensure the air temperature established by sanitary standards. This possibility must be calculated in advance when selecting business premises.

When locating a turning workshop in a permanent building, you will need to equip:

• separate entrance;
• a major partition from the rest of the room;
• plumbing unit with water and canopy;
• water dispenser;
• ventilation;
• fire shield.

In the turning shop it is necessary to arrange all lighting and regional lighting for any machine. The wiring must comply with fire safety requirements.

Metal turning products

How to make bodies of rotation: bushings, flanges, shafts, axles? Only on a lathe. Turning is one of the areas of metal cutting. Of course, there are now many modern methods for shaping parts, but turning is still successfully used in small-scale production.

The supply of metalworking usually exceeds demand. You can consider potential performers for a long time. But it’s better to contact us and save time and money.

Our company will produce custom-made products in Moscow at an affordable price, in a short time and with high quality.

• long-term cooperation
• technical support on any thematic issues
• flexible pricing policy
• discounts for bulk and repeat orders

Business return on renting construction tools

If you wisely choose the location of the tool delivery point, this type of business will pay for itself in 8 months to 1 year. The following factors will also contribute to quick payback:

• correct marketing policy;
• active advertising on Internet resources and social networks;
• availability of special offers and promotions.

Already in the second year of work, you will receive a stable profit and will be able to expand the list of rental tools.

How much does it cost to open a business renting construction tools?

We have put the approximate costs of starting a construction tool rental business into a table. This is approximate data. They may differ depending on the region where you plan to open your service point:

Before opening, provide your location with the minimum necessary list of power tools. Subsequently, the list of your tools will increase as your business develops and you understand customer requests. The table contains a list and approximate cost of exclusively professional tools. The price of the instrument may vary depending on the region. The minimum starting kit looks something like this:

Supplement the list through surveys of your potential audience through your website and when customers directly contact your company. If you are wondering where to get money for start-up capital, then check out the government programs to assist small businesses available in your region.

How much can you earn by renting out an instrument?

In practice, you will understand that you get the most income from renting expensive tools - vibrating plates, generators, etc. The average cost of renting hand tools starts from 1,400 rubles per day. Repair or diagnostics of one piece of equipment without taking into account the cost of spare parts will be at least 500 rubles. Large units, such as vibrating plates and diamond drilling rigs, will bring you from 15,000 rubles per day of rent. The overall profitability of your business will look like this:

Machining shop equipment: main stages

Having decided to open a business from scratch in the mechanical processing of hard materials and having decided on one of the existing areas, you should choose a suitable premises. The area of ​​the mini-workshop for processing any type of solid materials must be at least 50 sq.m. If the business plan provides for the organization of a full-fledged production process, it is worth immediately renting a more spacious workshop measuring about 200 sq.m., since the operation of the enterprise involves the use of a large amount of equipment, as well as the mandatory presence of a warehouse for storing finished products. The workshop premises must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of the fire and sanitary services; fire alarms and ventilation are required. You also need to make sure that the electrical wiring in the future workshop is in good working order and has sufficient power to withstand the operation of all electrical appliances.

If you choose metal machining as your main specialization, you will need to purchase machines - drilling, milling, sharpening, equipment for cutting and stamping, as well as special sets of tools. When developing a business plan, it is necessary to take into account that purchasing a lathe will cost about 45 thousand rubles, a sharpening machine will cost about 9 thousand. Taking into account other costs, it is necessary to provide for the purchase of equipment at least 100 thousand rubles. The specific amount will depend on the specialization of the enterprise and the scale of the work performed.

As for wood processing methods, they are also varied. Like working with metal, before starting a wood machining business, it is necessary to accurately determine the specifics of the future activity. For example, you can focus your company's activities on turning. Just like working with metal, working with wood will require a high-quality lathe. To carry out drilling, grinding or turning, specialized tools are also used, designed for processing wood of one type or another. Hand tools will require planes, jointers, end gougers, etc.

If the specialization of the workshop is stone processing, you will need mainly the same machines and tools designed for the selected type of material.

The number of employees of the enterprise will depend on the volume of work performed by the organization and the level of production automation: the more automated machine lines there are, the smaller the staff may be. As a rule, several machine operators, milling operators, mechanics and other specialized specialists are required, as well as process engineers and managers who will organize purchases and deal with partnerships and finding clients. In addition to workers who will be directly involved in the processing of metal or other materials, you additionally need to hire cleaners for production and office premises, and a driver if the company offers delivery. Accounting can be handled by a separate employee, but in order to save money, you can entrust this to outsourcing representatives. Since the level of competition in the manufacturing industry is quite high, you should take care not only of high-quality equipment for the enterprise, but also select qualified employees, providing them with a high salary level. So, for experienced specialists of this kind, it is necessary to calculate a salary of at least 30 thousand rubles per month.

Hard materials processing business as a business

Manufacturing of custom furniture

Attachments:

from 60 thousand rubles

Furniture production is a profitable business that is relevant at all times. Especially now, when custom-made interior items are in demand.

Despite high competition, every master can find his client. Stores usually offer standard furniture, so many people prefer to turn to furniture makers who work with individual orders. This is also a profitable scheme for entrepreneurs, because it solves the problem of selling products. Work to order is usually carried out with an advance payment - these funds are used to purchase materials. That is, you do not attract your own funds and save on initial investments.

To start, you will have to purchase the necessary equipment and spend on advertising to find your first clients. You can make several pieces of furniture for your portfolio - and sell them first. In addition, you can sell finished products to furniture stores. But the main thing you need in this job is your skills and abilities. In the future, the business can be expanded to furniture production. By the way, it is not necessary to produce furniture exclusively from wood; perhaps you should choose to specialize in the production of cardboard furniture for children or open a furniture workshop with carriage upholstery.

Staff

If you yourself are an experienced turner, then in principle you do not need hired employees. Just an assistant. But any young man looking for a part-time job is suitable here.

Another question is if you decide to open such a business without turning skills. In this case, it will not be easy to distinguish a professional from an amateur. To make your task easier, choose candidates who have worked as a turner for at least 3 years, and no more than 2 years have passed since their dismissal.

So, what are the requirements for turners:

• third category and higher;
• cutting tool sharpening skills;
• knowledge of the operating principles of a lathe.

Types of forging

The degree of heating of the material divides the forging process into two types - hot and cold.

1. Hot is used for small products, in places where refined and delicate work is needed, artistic forging. This type of work is highly valued. Such a labor-intensive process allows you to obtain refined details and ornaments. It will not be possible to repeat the same detail twice - there will still be differences. But the main disadvantage of hot forging is the high costs for forging furnaces.
2. Cold forging replaces casting or stamping. The process itself is the deformation of the broom without preheating it. This is a less labor-intensive option for the blacksmith and cheaper for the customer.

Experts in this field recommend that novice entrepreneurs start with cold forging, since working with forging equipment for hot forging of metal requires great skill and certain skills.

Criterias of choice

Choosing a lathe begins with determining what work it should perform. Once it is decided which parts should be processed and how, a specific device can be selected. They study the reliability of the machine, technical characteristics, dimensions.

Specifications

Important for a lathe:

1. Power type – 220 or 380 Volts. The latter require an additional power line, which is not always possible in a garage.
2. The characteristic - power - determines how quickly the part will be processed. For a home, an engine of 500 to 750 watts will be sufficient.
3. Engine's type. An asynchronous motor is preferred as it has a longer service life. According to the type of transmission, choose between gear and belt.
4. Rotation frequency. Each metal must have its own, so the machine must be capable of switching between several operating modes. Typically, speed 1 provides up to 1500 rpm, and speed 2 provides 2500 rpm.
5. Reverse – rotation counterclockwise. A very necessary function in some cases.
6. Equipment. Additional equipment is selected for the task. Beginners can choose more highly specialized models.
7. Divisions of the limb. The smaller the step, the greater the accuracy of workpiece processing.
8. Protective devices: covers.

Materials and build quality

The stores offer lathes of domestic and imported production. Almost all models, even foreign ones, are assembled in China. Many people choose domestic devices, since it is easier to find spare parts for them, and service centers are open everywhere.

Size

In the garage, a space is allocated in advance for the equipment of the device, and a table is selected that can withstand heavy loads. The size of the device directly depends on the size of the parts processed by the machine. For most repair work, a center-to-center distance of 0.4 meters is sufficient for securing workpieces. This is enough to work with a large number of different workpieces

In addition to the length, pay attention to the mounting height, which determines the maximum diameter of the product

Lathe shop as a business

A machine operator can start his own business by opening a turning shop. It is enough to place a tabletop machine in the garage or rent a container at the market. It is more difficult to find orders for a full load of equipment.

In the turning business you will need sharpening and drilling machines. The presence of welding will significantly expand the list of services. Nowadays, a lot of small work is done on a metal lathe.

We need parts for repairing household appliances, bicycles, cars and other individual products.

Tips for Beginners

A turner can earn money on his own machine, producing in-demand parts. These are mainly simple-shaped spare parts for cars, washing machines, and vacuum cleaners. Fittings for plumbing and connecting washing equipment may be in demand.

The amount of earnings on a lathe depends on the number of orders and ability to work. Advertising and good customer reviews help implement any business plan.

It is not enough to hang invitations on poles and post an advertisement on the Internet. You need to attract people with your work. Make any order, even the cheapest one, efficiently and quickly.

A satisfied client will definitely tell his friends about the workshop.

Having cheated once, the entrepreneur receives anti-advertising. It spreads faster and is more effective.

The turning workshop in the business plan should include measures to improve customer service conditions and improve the quality of work.

When hiring personnel for a workshop, an entrepreneur must pay attention to the level of the machine operator, his physical condition, and work experience. , please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter

, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter.

In-demand products

When starting your turning business, you need to find out which turning products are in greatest demand. Starting to produce batches of parts for sale means risking being left with unsold products. Everything that is made in large quantities is produced by large enterprises.

At the initial stage of business on a lathe, customers will tell you what to produce. You need to tune in to the individual production of parts for repairing cars and household appliances.

Gradually, people will learn about the opportunity to turn a shaft or other part for repair at an affordable price in a lathe shop nearby. Many people have equipment at home for which they have stopped producing spare parts, but it is working and it is a pity to throw it away because of a broken axle or other part. Similarly, a bolt or washer for a car can be bought at a car dealership, but the price is steep.

Large enterprises are reluctant to take on small orders from outside. A calculation is made for workshop costs:

• hourly cost of machine operation;
• payment for electricity;
• wages of the main worker;
• wages of auxiliary workshop workers;
• depreciation charges for equipment.

Typically, large enterprises have DIP200 and even larger turning units. They consume a lot of electricity, regardless of the size of the part. The machine operator works according to the technology and drawing developed by the engineering staff of the enterprise. Additional costs exceed workshop costs by 3-5 times. The result is astronomical prices for the manufacture of parts.

When developing business ideas, you should also take into account customers with small batches of parts. Builders, auto mechanics, furniture makers and other specialists will appear quite quickly. They will need to make adapters for heating pipes, cut threads and bore nuts. Furniture makers who are accustomed to working with wood cannot grind the studs and make nuts for them themselves. If the cost of production from a turner working nearby is lower than purchased materials, they will willingly go to a small workshop.

It is difficult to predict which parts will be in demand. Each city, and even microdistrict, has its own needs for small things made on a lathe.

Workshop staff

Finding employees to carry out welding work is not an easy task, so this point is worth dwelling on in more detail. It is desirable that the enterprise employ generalists. This will allow you to reach a large target audience and provide clients with a wide range of services. The most popular are:

• welders of the third category - craftsmen working with the main areas of metal structures
• welders of the fifth category - carry out welding of important areas, work with high-pressure pipes, steam pipelines, etc.
• welders of the sixth category are the most valuable specialists performing welding work on critical sections of pipelines and metal structures

An employee can only be allowed to carry out orders if he has a number of documents:

• welder's certificate
• electrical safety certificate (group no lower than 2)
• certificate of completion of the PTM (fire-technical minimum) for hot work

A qualified welder must be able to read drawings, use regulatory and technical documentation, set up equipment, carry out welding work with control over compliance with specified parameters. Welding work has a harmful effect on the human body. This fact should be taken into account when setting tariffs for services and determining wages.

Requirements for the machine operator

The list of responsibilities of a master of this profile includes a full range of operations related to the operation and maintenance of lathes. In particular, these include processing of parts, adjustment and tuning, technical maintenance, repair operations, preparation and maintenance of the unit after a working session. Accordingly, only a person who is familiar with the theoretical part of the technological processes of turning, as well as having practical training, can be admitted to such events. In addition, the profession of a turner requires knowledge of common building materials that are machined on operating machines. The master must have an understanding of the physical properties of metals and wood. This allows you to adjust the machine settings, if necessary, taking into account the characteristics of a specific workpiece.

The personal qualities of the employee also matter. As practice shows, the profession of a turner is more suitable for people with a technical mindset, developed fine motor skills and endurance, since production often requires many hours of performing the same type of operations.

Production of busy boards

Attachments:

10 thousand rubles

This is an ideal home business format: simple technology, minimal investment and equipment, cheap materials and high demand for the product. We are talking about busy boards - educational stands for children aged 1 to 4 years, on which various objects are attached that the child can interact with (twist, knock, open, tie/untie, turn on/off, and so on). A few years ago, bodyboards made a splash in the children's goods market and are still in demand among young parents.

Anyone can create such development boards. You just need a little skill and imagination. Busy boards are made from ordinary items that can be bought at any store. The main thing is to monitor the quality of materials and come up with an original format for business boards

When choosing toys for children, parents pay attention to two parameters:

• safety and quality of the toy
• benefits and developmental function of the toy.

It is very important to think through all the details - from packaging to the quality of each detail. The price of business boards varies from 2 to 10 thousand

rubles depending on the size and filling. The most convenient way to sell business boards is through the Internet. Although you can try to donate some of the products to a children's goods store. You can read more about the production of business boards in a business format here.

Artworks are included in the price

Having made a small and modest craft using a CNC machine, many craftsmen are then ready to start collaborating with shops selling souvenirs and products that relate to arts and crafts. And this is a solid and stable income if sales markets are established.

Many craftsmen have a need to correctly evaluate a product. How much do you think you can get for a panel (carving) made from a wooden blank - the result of skillful milling, measuring 20x370x548 mm? Within 10 thousand rubles. And this is in the middle price range. And on a product 60x110, with much lower quality (the milling mark is visible), we will earn only 200-220 rubles.

For a creative person, the idea of ​​making figurines and panels with flat or three-dimensional images (plywood, plastic, metal and even glass) on milling machines can be a reliable business.

Those who like to burn will use a pyroprinter or will work on engraving devices, creating unique images in accordance with the selected photo, making custom-made souvenirs. The duration of the technological process is 6 hours or more.

Typically, the material is within 10% of the price of the product; energy costs, film and varnish coatings, depreciation of the router and processing time are also taken into account.

For example, a good quality beech icon takes about 10 hours to cut, and after the machine is finished it takes 4-5 days. And the one who makes products of this kind knows its price.

Recommendations for choosing a lathe:

1. Step 1. Determine the purpose of the machine: what operations, in what volume, from what material the part will be sharpened.
2. Step 2. Specify the desired power of the equipment, as well as the mains voltage.
3. Step 3. Analyze your financial costs, which can be allocated to the purchase of a machine, additional equipment of the workplace (workbench, power supply with the required cross-section of wires, adjustment of lighting, etc.).
4. Step 4. By combining the obtained data into one table, you can determine the approximate maximum power of the machine that you can afford.
5. Step 5. If you don't have enough money to purchase a new mini-machine, consider using used equipment.

Advice: when choosing such a machine, it is advisable to conduct test tests, with the owner’s permission, of course. That is, to bore a couple of blanks.

Note: a lathe is equipment with increased danger during operation. Hence the conclusion - follow safety precautions, despite the fact that this is a mini-machine in front of you.

Technological aspects of the process

The essence of the procedure is the sequential removal of the top layer from a rotating workpiece using cutters and other tools. This produces chips, which can be more or less coarse depending on the material and feed rate, and also have a different shade - the color change occurs due to heating due to friction and oxidation.

The operator secures the product on both sides in the spindles. One of them has free rotation, that is, in fact, it is only responsible for reliable fixation, while the second is the leader. Movement is transmitted through it, and speed is also regulated.

Once the workpiece is secured, the cutting process on lathes begins. First you need to choose the right speed mode. On professional equipment, the power is quite high, but you cannot always work at maximum. For example, if the shaft is very long, then its vibrations and errors will only increase with increasing speed, which will lead to inaccuracies. The second reason to choose a mode is the type of processing, namely, roughing, roughing, semi-finishing, finishing or fine. Ideally, one part should go through all of these stages with varying feed selections as well as different cutting tools for lathes and metalworking.

When the main indicators are selected, you can proceed to installing the cutter. It can be made of different types of alloy, but it must be:

• more durable than the workpiece material and less brittle;
• always well sharpened.

Special cutting edges are used for different tasks. They are installed in a caliper that has reliable clamps, as well as an adjustable angle of rotation and tilt, that is, all the parameters for the most accurate metalworking.

Now you can start turning on the installation. The whole operation consists of correctly selected two movements:

• tool feed;
• shaft rotation.

The first movement is made by the support. It moves horizontally and vertically, and if there are runners, it can move diagonally for turning cones. This is how operations such as turning and drilling are carried out on a lathe. However, for the latter type of task, the tool (drill) must be able to rotate, and the workpiece itself will be static. The movement of this part is determined either by automation or by handles and wheels. First, the operator sets it to the starting point, checks the depth, and then turns on the device and only adjusts the position of the cutter. The caliper speed is also adjusted depending on the type, material, and tasks.

The second movement is rotational. It is produced by the workpiece. The engine, which is responsible for the feed, is located in the front beam, and there are two of them. The force is transmitted to the spindle by means of belts. Rotation has a direction and speed, but no other parameters can be specified. The main thing for a turner is that there are minimal vibrations and errors, otherwise impacts on the tool will occur.

Since the machine operates mainly at high speeds, the essence of turning lies in the rapid removal of the top layer.

Problems that can be solved this way:

• Achieving specified dimensions with high accuracy.
• Drilling holes, reaming them and countersinking, cutting internal and external threads.
• The required surface roughness depends on the accuracy class.
• Cutting work - cutting part of the shaft, trimming edges.
• Grooving.

The cutting edge separates the integrity of the turning metal by applying friction and pressure to it. A break occurs at the molecular level.

Calculation of profitability in a business plan

Suppose an entrepreneur opens a workshop for the production of windows and doors. To do this, they hired several employees and rented specialized premises. Workload – 50%.

Table 3: one-time and monthly costs.

The total financial costs amounted to 568 thousand rubles.

Table 4: production diagram.

Profitability:

• total income from wholesale sales of products – 480 thousand rubles.
• expenses (production and non-production) – 388 thousand rubles.
• net income – 92 thousand rubles.
• profitability – from 15%

Employees can spend the remaining period on making furniture for individual orders, bringing in an additional monthly income of 100-150 thousand rubles.

Video about furniture production:

With a small starting capital, you can open a small workshop with an initial investment of 100 thousand rubles:

• equipment costs – 70 thousand rubles.
• purchase of raw materials – 20 thousand rubles.
• monthly rent for production premises is 10 thousand rubles.

With an average monthly income of 30 thousand rubles, the initial investment can be recouped in a period of 4 months.

List of used literature

Bibliography.

1. Shekhovtsov V.P. Calculation and design of power supply circuits. Methodological guide for course design with examples of problem solutions. — M: FORUM: INFRA-M, 2003.

2. Shekhovtsov V.P. Reference manual on electrical equipment and power supply. 2nd ed. - M.: FORUM: INFRAM-M, 2013 - (Professional education)

3. PUE “Rules for electrical installations. Edition 7" Energoservice Moscow 2009

4. Complete reference book on electrical equipment and electrical engineering (with examples of calculations) Edited by E.A. Kireeva. Sherstnev S.N. – KNORUS 2013

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Consequences of a poorly formulated advertising policy

Subsequently, I realized that advertising on the site several diverse offers turned out to be the wrong decision, since I had to “spread myself” in several directions when I needed to concentrate on one thing, making every effort to achieve a specific goal for this position.

There simply weren’t enough initial resources to process all of their proposals. As a result, I had to close my business.

From this experience, I concluded that any startup needs to start by offering one thing, a specific product or service, especially if you advertise through your website.

In the future, of course, when promotion has already begun, you can gradually add new offers, but at the initial stage this is very risky, especially in conditions of limited financial resources. And what do you think?

Marketing and action plan

Knowledge and experience allowed me to start by organizing a small production of metalworking and piece production of component products in the field of mechanical engineering.

But I didn’t know what exactly to produce. There were a lot of ideas, ranging from making bolts and nuts to complex structures.

Having carried out, so to speak, a quick review of the market for metalworking services in my own and surrounding regions, I was convinced of the following: everything that I could produce is already being successfully sold by other companies and in such volumes that it will be economically competitive with them unprofitable.

Nevertheless, I decided to start, and see where the curve leads. I decided to focus my business promotion on creating my own website.

What are the features of the metal structures manufacturing business?

If there are enough consumers in the market, then a small enterprise of this type can pay for itself within the first 6 months. If the advertising campaign was not carried out on time, then you should be wary of the lack of demand for production. This will lead to a long-term return on investment.

Another important nuance in this matter is the seasonality of the business. The fact is that metal structures are in demand, as a rule, only in the warm season - from approximately April to October. In the winter months, such a business rarely generates income, so it is worth thinking about long-term orders in advance.

Despite all the peculiarities of business and the large number of competitors, this area of ​​entrepreneurial activity in Russia is still relevant and in demand.

By the way, now is the time to develop such a business – even if you are a small enterprise. Due to the fact that large manufacturers carry out only mass production, small companies have the opportunity to advance by fulfilling non-standard, original orders.

There are quite a lot of consumers of goods in this industry in each of the segments:

I want to give you an idea for a small business in the field of metalworking - My own business

Hello dear forum users,

I would like to give you an idea for a small business in the field of metalworking.

I have a tool production myself - I make molds for plastic injection.

I was prompted to this discussion by my discussion with a Chinese instrumentalist. The point is - we described to each other the organization of our production and then the Chinese told me that he orders ready-made blocks made for him. That is, polished plates with cool holes for columns, bushings, pushers, drilled cooling channels, milled pockets for form-forming components - in short, a completely finished block that does not require any more mechanical operations.

I sent the drawings to the Chinese and received an estimated cost of 1000 USD. and I thought if there were such companies in Ukraine, I would definitely order blocks on the side and concentrate on molding and assembly.

So let's figure out what is needed for this:

The premises are 200-250 square meters (we set the rental price at 400-500 USD).

Availability of a nearby supplier of 45 steel sheets at reasonable prices.

The ideal equipment to start with is to rent or buy: coordinate 2e450, grinding 722, horizontal and vertical milling machines (I think you can find used ones on the market - about 10-15 thousand USD)

Two specialists who will work not for salary but for production.

I think two people a month will be able to issue four blocks of 1 thousand USD each.

Total income 4 thousand.

Expenses:

rent 500

metal (the weight of my block is 105 kg, let’s take rough 150, multiply by the price of metal 1.3 dollars.) 4 blocks of 200 kg in money about 1 thousand.

hardware, columns, bushings, tools we will take 500 USD.

The total is 2 thousand, that is, 1 thousand per brother, I think for today’s Ukraine it’s not at all sour, considering that you can try to rent equipment along with premises in a half-dead industrial plant. region is real.

These are more likely thoughts out loud than a guide to action, if anyone wants to do it, consider one customer you have already found.

You can see the block drawings in this link www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/39921188