Fastenings using various types of anchors are characterized by specialists as connections that can provide reliable retention of heavy loads. After deepening into a pre-prepared hole, the worker, depending on the tasks at hand, chooses the best way to fasten the anchor bolt. After the assessment, when the selected surface areas are suitable for organizing a point that provides fastening of anchor devices, the point is arranged with subsequent fastening of the equipment.
The use of anchor supports is necessary when using a rope movement system when carrying out installation and construction work at height, fixing slings for positioning and holding the worker without slipping and jerking. The strength of the connection allows the use of anchor points and lines to ensure the installation of collective and individual protective equipment, making it possible to safely carry out installation work on products and maintenance of devices located at height.
Anchor fastening types and features of anchors application tightening technique
Using a kit for fastening to anchor supports, it is possible to install the coupling on power transmission line supports and wind the free length of the optical cable onto the frame. This type of connection is used to ensure the safety of work performed at height according to the permit. To carry out such activities, a permit is required, issued by a labor protection specialist and endorsed by officials from among the managers, and the work itself is carried out by a group of workers under the guidance of foremen and supervisors.
The most widely used are anchor bolts that have a spacer operating principle based on the expansion of the rear section of the sleeve when a cone-shaped sleeve is screwed into it. Among the well-known types of anchors, experts call driven, expanding, chemical, expansion and wedge structures. Each of them ensures reliable retention of the fastening part due to the use of the friction force between the contact surfaces of the bolt and the installation area, the thrust force, which ensures compensation of the effective stress by the resistance of the metal of the product. Increasing the diameter of the spacer sleeve when screwing a bolt into it ensures a reliable connection due to the combined action of thrust and friction forces.
Experts emphasize the importance of choosing the right type of anchor, based on studying the manufacturer’s documents that determine the specifics of each type of product. since the reliability of the system largely depends on the building material used at the point where the bolt is attached. Proper execution of fastening is necessary to prevent damage during operation of the parts that make up the connection and to ensure comfortable work in the support. Such a connection will ensure safety when working at heights, fastening heavy static (horizontal bars) and dynamic (diamond drilling rigs) structures.
Wedge anchor S-KA
The S-KA wedge anchor is designed for the installation of heavy and medium-heavy structures. This anchor is used for installation in concrete, stone and solid brick. For brick, the use of this type of anchor is limited to its diameter not exceeding M8.
The S-KA wedge anchor bolt is made of carbon or stainless steel . To protect against corrosion, the anchor is electrically coated with zinc after production. In addition to electro-galvanized anchors, Sormat produces hot-dip galvanized anchors (S-KAK) and acid-resistant anchors (S-KAH). Type S-KA anchors are available in diameters from 6 to 20 millimeters and lengths from 65 to 280 millimeters.
Depending on the size, the S-KA wedge anchor can withstand both tensile and shear loads from 1.8 to 13.9 kilonewtons.
Chemical anchor. Read about this type of anchor here. And here is an article about an anchor with a ring and a hook.
This section of our website is all about the engineering systems of your home.
Types of anchor fastening
As noted above, the correct choice of location for the anchor point plays an important role in ensuring worker safety. It is possible to assess when the selected areas are suitable for installing anchorage points by the load they can withstand; each of them must withstand a weight of at least 22 kN. To ensure reliable connection, the anchor point used to fasten the equipment can be connected to the load-bearing elements of the building, pre-assembled metal structures. After drilling the hole and installing the anchor, kits are used to secure the safety structures to the anchor supports. The standard kit used for anchor type fastening includes:
- 3 anchors;
- threaded rod;
- punch for making a recess;
- nuts that require the use of an open-end wrench.
Additionally, the kit used for fastening to anchor supports may include a washer and a punch to ensure wedging when using an anchor of the appropriate design. In addition, a kit for anchoring may include a larger number of bolts, but in this case the cost of one set increases. The kit that provides fastening of security systems to anchor supports includes an anchor clamp, a small steel cable, wedges and a bracket that allows for the installation of up to 3 clamps.
Structurally, an anchor bolt with a nut is a stud with a thread on one side, with which the nut is screwed on, and the other end is made in the form of a spacer cone. When tightening the nut, the spacer-type sleeve, on the side surfaces of which there are slots, expands, forming “petals” that ensure a reliable connection with the support surface.
Note! Before attaching anchor bolts, the concrete surface is drilled, and the drill, with the exception of cases of impact-type bolts, corresponds to the diameter of the anchor used.
Anchors used to fasten parts of geogrids are mounted around the perimeter of each of the mounted modules. The anchor for fastening the geogrid is installed according to a pre-approved diagram, so that the tension lines provided resemble a rectangle.
Manufacturers place high demands on the quality of products, testing the elements for strength necessary to ensure safety, preventing their damage, breakage or failure. When using rope access systems, it is prohibited to use only one rope when ascending or descending planes, as well as when performing installation work. To ensure the safe operation of flexible anchor lines, the correct answer when asked by an instructor about the specifics of use is the need to use limiters at the end to prevent the descent from passing the end of the rope. Permissible impacts are determined by the effective load in the operating structures. In turn, workers receive a work permit by giving the correct answers after preliminary instruction.
Impact method
The use of this method involves the use of drive-in type anchors and is characterized by ease of installation and reliability of the resulting connection. However, the method has limitations regarding the possibility of using it exclusively when working with materials with high strength values, for example, concrete, solid brick or stone.
- Before attaching a drive-in anchor bolt, it is necessary to drill a hole whose diameter corresponds to the parameters of the bolt used.
- After this, it is necessary to clean the prepared hole from debris and dust.
- The next step is to install a hammer-type bolt into the hole.
- Using a hammer and other tools, such as a bit or a special wedging structure, the striker is inserted into the conical hole. At the same time, the sliding part of the bolt opens, providing support against the walls of the prepared hole.
- At the last stage, the parts are fastened using a pin or bolt.
Floor slabs - definition and scope
The ceiling is a load-bearing building structure, the function of which is to separate the adjacent floors of the structure, as well as to separate the basement and roof from the adjacent floors.
The design of the building requires the floor to absorb loads and transfer them to other load-bearing elements of the building associated with it (walls, crossbars, columns, beams, etc.)
When constructing a floor, the materials and elements used for the work are subject to serious requirements:
- high strength and rigidity
. Necessary to withstand the load of its own weight and what is on the floor; - soundproofing
. The higher this indicator, the better. Sound insulation is especially important in the construction of residential buildings;
thermal insulation This indicator is most important when making floors between rooms with different temperature conditions (basement and floor, floor and attic, etc.);- fire safety
. An important indicator taken into account during the construction of any type of buildings and structures.
All the above requirements are sufficiently met by reinforced concrete floor slabs
.
This explains their widespread use in the construction of buildings and structures. There are practically no areas of construction in which various types of reinforced concrete floor slabs could not be used. Without their use, it is impossible to imagine both serious residential construction and the construction of large industrial facilities. To explain in more detail the reasons for such popularity of the products in question, it is necessary to study the properties of their various varieties.
How to install an anchor bolt
Before attaching an anchor bolt with a nut, it is necessary to drill a hole, the diameter of which must be equal to the thread parameter. After cleaning the hole from dust, the anchor is installed into it, with the conical part directed inside the hole, the length of which slightly exceeds the minimum depth for anchoring. Using a hammer, the anchor is inserted until the required installation depth is reached, after which the nut is tightened.
What will you need to install the anchor?
Let's start with the fact that the anchor is a complex metal fastener designed for high weight loads. It is used to fasten objects and structures to concrete, brick or stone walls, and when installed correctly, provides a stable fixation.
To install the anchor bolt you will need:
- anchor of the size you require;
- hammer drill or impact drill;
- small hammer;
- open-end wrench, socket wrench or adjustable wrench.
When all the tools and materials have been collected, you can proceed directly to installation
Chemical anchor, fastening with glue
Fastenings based on filling the inside of a metal rod embedded in the wall are used to provide strong connections in stone, brick, sandstone, shell rock, limestone, and cellular concrete. Such connections involve the use of chemical anchors, for example the popular all-season type moment fastener CF900. A metal insert, which is a reinforcement rod, a threaded stud or a sleeve with a thread on the inner surface, goes deep into a prepared hole, the diameter of which exceeds the anchor parameter by 2 mm. After this, a capsule with glue based on polyester, polyurethane or acrylic resinous substances, a hardener and filler in the form of sand is inserted into the sleeve. Then the glass cylinder is destroyed and a metal rod is inserted into it and the binder is waited for setting.
Positive and negative sides
During construction work, wedge-type anchors are used in many cases.
This is directly related to their advantages, such as:
- Reliability of structures;
- Stable performance under mechanical stress;
- Minimum hole area required for fastening;
- You can choose a suitable anchor for a specific application in almost any specialized store using a photo;
- A simple installation procedure with a minimum amount of time and without special skills in this matter;
- Quite low cost.
When making a final decision, it is worth considering that there are two main disadvantages:
- Such a product is not suitable for installing objects on a base made of plasterboard or wood, since it is manufactured with the expectation of installation in sufficiently strong bases;
- Wedge anchors cannot be reused after they have been removed from the surface.
Calculation of anchors
Performing a pull-out test on connections is often performed on site. The permissible load will depend on the base material, for example:
- When installing massive structures at height, the required tensile strength should be about 700 kg, which is why experts recommend using chemical types of anchors for such fastenings.
- When using concrete or brick as a base, the average load is about 350 kg, this value is sufficient for fastening medium and heavy structures.
- When using foamed concrete, the load it can withstand will be about 250 kg.
In addition to calculating the load-bearing capacity of the elements used, the correct tightening torque of threaded connections must be ensured. If the tightening is insufficient, there may be no frictional force in the connection; if the recommended values are exceeded, there is a possibility of material destruction due to excess pressure on the base.
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Correctness in the selection of anchors
There are characteristics thanks to which you can choose the right product for a specific purpose from the table of wedge anchor sizes:
- An indicator of magnitude that determines the limiting value of the load when pulling out;
- The maximum permissible load indicator, which determines the normal properties during operation of the product without their deterioration.
