A water well on your property is the best long-lasting source of clean water in your home. However, so that during the drilling process, as well as during operation, it does not become clogged with rock and does not collapse, it is necessary to strengthen its walls using a special pipe column. Let's consider which casing pipe is best suited for a water well - plastic, steel or asbestos-cement, what advantages, disadvantages and application features each type has, what are the general rules for choosing, how to correctly calculate its diameter, what are the main stages of casing technology.
Option for arranging a private water intake with a casing pipe Source scvazina.ru
Plastic pipes
Considering the requirements for casing strings, it can be understood that an ideal material does not exist. Each type is designed for use in certain conditions.
In wells that are shallow, an excellent option is to use plastic elements: PVC, HDPE.
They are harmless to health, do not corrode, have sealed joints, are easy to install, cheap in material and assembly, and do not accumulate dirt on the walls.
- Frost-resistant polypropylene can withstand temperatures down to -60 degrees Celsius.
- The service life is at least 50 years.
All types of plastic have two disadvantages: due to their low strength, the depth of use is no more than 60 meters; unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) can be lowered to a depth of up to 300 m, but it is a very fragile material.
Casing selection
When deciding on the pipe material for a well, the following conditions must be taken into account:
- Due to their strength characteristics, plastic products can be used at well depths of up to 70 meters. This means that before starting work, you need to determine the possible level of groundwater in the drilling area. This can be found out by interviewing the owners of nearby wells and wells. Also, such information is available from hydrogeological maps of the area;
- plastic and asbestos-cement pipes do not provide for the possibility of carrying out work to clean the well when it is silted. Such operations are only available on steel casing;
- When using steel pipes, as a result of oxidation processes, iron oxides enter the water, as a result of which it acquires an unpleasant metallic taste and a yellow color. It should be noted that any filter, the use of which in any case is mandatory for well water, primarily works to “deferrize” the liquid, and this does not incur serious costs during operation;
- Restoring wells with any casing other than steel is almost impossible.
The life cycle of wells with metal casing, with proper operation and timely maintenance, can be up to 50 years.
Fiberglass pipes
Few people have heard of fiberglass casings, the production of which was recently organized by a private company.
- A glass thread is wound onto a steel base and filled with synthetic resin.
- The inner surface is covered with polyethylene film.
Such an element has all the properties of plastic pipes, but has greater strength (withstands 25 tons along the axis), and is 5 times lighter than steel. Can be used repeatedly as casing.
Fastening wells during drilling
- Well performance;
- Well lifespan;
- The strength and tightness of the channel through which the extracted product will flow from the horizon to the surface;
- Protection of the operating channel from corrosion;
- The strength of the well walls in places where the rocks are not stable enough;
- Tightness of separation of all permeable horizons from each other.
Securing oil wells involves the use of special columns or packers. The use of columns is the most popular method, which allows you to make the well strong, durable, and also isolate permeable horizons. Such columns are made up of special pipes called casing.
Joining of casing pipes
- Connections using threads are made on thick-walled structures. One pipe has an internal thread and the other has an external thread. They curl up and fall into the well.
- The coupling method of connection is more complex. It consists in screwing a coupling with an internal thread onto both pipes, while the pipes are cut from the outside.
- The welding method is more economical, but has one drawback - the lack of qualified welders in this industry.
Wells are divided into three types - Abyssinian, sand and artesian.
How to mount and install an iron box for a cellar at a high groundwater level
It is not necessary to make a container the entire height of the cellar. It can be made in the form of a trough with low sides, the dimensions of which depend on specific conditions and the extent of flooding. On the sides of such a container there must be fastening wings, by which the “trough” can be removed from the cellar and lowered into it.
Construction of a cellar in places with a high ground level: 1- trough-type box made of sheet steel; 2 – a piece of half-inch pipe; 3 – tap; 4 – mounting wings; 5 – fastening the box to the ground.
At the bottom of the box, in one of its corners, you need to weld a pipe with a tap built into it. This locking element of the structure must be located at the end of the pipe, the height of which must be at least half a meter. Next, they begin to disinfect and paint the box. To do this, it is first treated with orthophosphoric acid, then coated with red lead for iron.
On the outside, additional waterproofing is carried out to prevent rust: a layer of bitumen is applied to the surface of the box. If everything is done correctly and carefully, such a container will last for many years and will not give a single leak.
Upon completion of the work, they begin to lower the box into the pit that was dug to construct the cellar. In conditions of high water and high groundwater level, the pit will always be filled with water. If formwork was not installed along the walls of the pit, the height of the iron container should be greater than the depth of the pit. Otherwise, if the groundwater level is high, the walls of the pit will quickly be washed away by water. The box is lowered into it after opening the tap. It will gradually sink and sink to the bottom, as water will flow into its interior.
After the container is firmly in place, its position is fixed by concreting the outer wings. After this, the water is pumped out using any powerful pump. Upon completion, close the tap. All that remains is to complete the simplest work: make a cellar lid and install a staircase. In a similar way, you can make a viewing hole for a car if the garage is located in an area with a high groundwater level.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=eKg24j5LKg8
Abyssinian
This type of well has a shallow depth of up to 30 meters. Water is lifted using surface pumps from a depth of 8 - 9 m. Therefore, the diameter of the casing pipe is of little importance.
A polyethylene pipeline from a coil is used as casing, which does not require docking. You can combine the casing and the supply pipe of the electric pump.
Features of working on different soils
If there are aggressive waters of natural or industrial origin on the territory, it is better to carry out drilling work using asbestos-cement pipes. Strengthening the drill shaft is not carried out in cases with swelling and hard-plastic soils.
In these conditions, it is recommended to refrain from using the above technology. When the work is completed, the pipe sections are dismantled. Sometimes a project requires leaving them in the soil: this is done in order to further protect concrete piles from the effects of soil in areas with geological and seismic activity.
Artesian
Artesian springs are the deepest - the depth reaches 200 meters. The casing string experiences enormous mechanical loads at such depths. The choice of material for a well water supply is obvious: only steel can be used.
There is no need to worry about corrosion, since artesian water has a significant percentage of all kinds of dissolved metals. Treatment plants are used for such water.
You can place a plastic one inside a steel pipe, then rust will not mix with clean water, and the steel will protect the plastic from stress.
- It is important to choose the right casing pipes. If you buy polymer structures, you should pay special attention to the fact that they are not made from recycled materials and are absolutely safe for health.
- A significant step in selecting the casing will be calculating the diameter. If you intend to install a deep-well pump, you should remember that the distance between the pump and the walls of the well should not be less than 5 mm.
What is it, purposes and scope
When drilling a well, the tool passes through various types of soil, such as:
- soil layer;
- sandy or clayey-sandy aquifer (overwater);
- secondary clayey-sandy layer, in which aquiferous sands and lens deposits of water are often found;
- sand and pebble formations;
- calcareous deposits, which are the main carriers of artesian waters, capable of supplying the highest quality and tasty water. This is explained by the large depth, which ensures high-quality filtration of water entering these layers;
- rocks, which are a reliable substrate for aquifers.
In addition, quicksand are often found - constantly shifting layers of aquiferous sand with a high moisture content.
The casing pipe, as the name implies, serves primarily to strengthen the walls of the pit, which, due to soil displacement or the impact of quicksand, can completely block the well in a short time.
In addition, a filter device is installed on the lower ring of the casing to purify groundwater from mechanical contaminants contained in it. Thus, it is obvious that the area of application of such products is drilling wells and their construction. Moreover, they are used both when drilling wells for water, and for gas or oil.
Which is the best casing pipe for a well?
