Purpose and scope
Unlike centrifugal water pumps, where the main element is a discharge wheel, the basis of the mechanism of screw equipment is a Pythagorean screw or auger. A similar design is used in a meat grinder. To increase the pressure in the equipment, the housing is equipped with additional segments - steps. There are different configurations of screw pumps, some of them are additionally equipped with an automatic control system.
Small-sized water units for domestic needs are made of one common shaft. In industry, multi-shaft ones are most often used. During production, special attention is paid to sealing working surfaces. Graphite and ceramics are used as sealants.
Screw pumps have a wide range of applications in the agricultural industry and other industries:
- transportation of food products during packaging;
- pumping oil and its derivative products;
- natural gas production;
- pumping water during coal mining;
- transportation of oily liquids.
Screw pumps are especially widely used in the domestic sector. They are installed on private farmsteads to extract water from wells.
Manufacturing companies
The list of companies, as well as the range they offer, is quite large. The Russian market presents mainly products from domestic, European and Chinese manufacturers. Screw pumps come in different brands.
Highest price segment:
- Grundfos. Excellent quality at a high price, very wide range. Large, world famous manufacturer.
- Gardena. European manufacturer. Prices are above average. The number of models for wells is small.
Middle price segment:
- Speroni. European manufacturer. Quite high quality and reliability.
- Pedrollo. Wide range of models. International company. High level of product reliability.
- Aquario. A large number of models, there are options for narrow wells. Relatively high reliability.
Lower price segment:
- Aquarius. Several dozen models for wells. Well-known Ukrainian manufacturer. Insufficient reliability of pumps.
- Gilex. Products are manufactured in Russia. Popular brand. Conflicting reviews about product quality.
- Belamos. Production is located in China. Reliability is in class.
Types, principle of operation and device
Screw units for pumping water are divided into two large groups: single-screw and multi-screw. For individual use for domestic purposes, single-screw models are installed; they are enough to provide water to a farmland or private home.
To prevent water contaminated with sand, silt and algae from flowing out of the water tap, a coarse filter is additionally installed on the inlet pipes.
Unlike centrifugal designs, screw designs are compact in size, but at the same time create high pressure. The diameter of the case is reduced, since the design is, roughly speaking, one shaft.
The rotor is a rotating screw, the stator is the inner surface of the housing. As a rule, the screw is made of high-quality metal, and the working surface of the stator is made of plastic materials. When the rotor rotates, water is sucked into the incoming pipes and moves in a spiral to the outlet.
The design of a deep well pump - design features of the unit
The design of domestic deep-well pumps can be different. It all depends on the type of motor, operating principle and parameters of the units. Each submersible deep-well pump consists of two main parts - a built-in or external motor, and a multi-stage pump unit.
The built-in motor is usually located at the bottom of the pump - this protects the motor from contact with water. Above the engine there is a drive shaft of the unit, wheel guides and special blade-shaped outlets.
Depending on the type of deep-well borehole pump, it may be equipped with additional spare parts. The vibration pump device, in addition to the motor and shaft, also includes a special glass and a vibrator that creates the high pressure necessary for operation. The vibrator itself consists of an armature, adjusting washers and a rubber shock absorber. The latter is compressed during pump operation, thereby creating the conditions necessary for water intake. All elements of the vibration pump are located in a durable housing.
Another type of deep water pumps is centrifugal units, which are a little more complex in design and more durable in operation. It is because of this that most buyers prefer this particular submersible pumping equipment. The main role in such a device is played by the blade outlet attached to the engine of the unit. Pumps of this type almost do not overheat due to the fact that the bearings inside its structure are cooled through contact with the pumped water. Most centrifugal pumps are equipped with built-in automation that protects the equipment from dry running and voltage surges in the home electrical network.
All elements of the centrifugal pump are located in a durable, sealed stainless steel housing.
Criterias of choice
To purchase suitable equipment, the main selection criteria should be taken into account. Incorrectly selected equipment is more likely to fail, and due to technical limitations, it is unable to perform all the tasks assigned to it.
When purchasing, it is important to pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Power and performance. This parameter determines whether the pump can provide the required volume to the water supply system. If you have no previous experience, it is better to consult with employees of the utility company or water utility.
- Company manufacturer. It is better to refrain from purchasing a pump of dubious quality from an unknown manufacturer. Reliable imported pumps are expensive. However, do not underestimate Russian products. The popularity of pumping stations from the Kharkov plant Promelektro, as well as Russian units Aquarius, is growing.
- Well depth. This indicator is perhaps the most significant when choosing equipment for water supply. The greater the depth of liquids, the more powerful the equipment required. In addition, it is important to consider the distance from the entrance to the distributor to the water intake. 10 m of horizontal section is equivalent to 1 m of rise from the depths.
- The cost varies widely and depends on the specific configuration of the model. It is not recommended to save money when carrying out water supply and sewerage, since cheap pumps of dubious quality quickly fail, and their repair inevitably requires additional costs.
Before purchasing equipment, you should carefully read the attached documentation and warranty card. All technical parameters of the model are described in detail in the operating instructions.
Popular models of household screw pumps
Screw pumps are produced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers.
Among the most common and popular among our consumers are the following brands:
- Aquarius (Promelektro, Ukraine). Aquarius submersible pumps are compact and high-powered; they can be used to supply water from wells, open reservoirs and wells with an internal diameter of at least 10 cm. Excellent for installing water supply in a country house, watering and irrigation systems, as well as for pumping water from swimming pools , tanks, flooded basements. The kit includes a synthetic cable for installation in a well or well.
Photo of the pump Aquarius BTsPE 0.5-50G
- Belamos (Belarus). These deep screw well pumps, made of stainless steel, are also multifunctional and versatile. They are used for water supply of private houses, gardens and farms. They have high power, can operate uninterruptedly for a long time, and thermal protection of the engine is built into the design.
Belamos SP-70/6
- Unipump ECO VINT (Russia). These pumps are distinguished by their low price, high pressure and low productivity, which is the optimal solution for sources with low flow rates - wells and sand wells. The absence of vibration does not allow turbidity to rise from the bottom of the well, and even with a high content of mechanical impurities in the water, the throughput of the device does not decrease.
Budget solution for country water supply
Grundfos pumps are also popular:
| Pump model | Brief information | Specifications |
| Grundfos SQ 2-55 | This model is designed for supplying drinking water from small diameter wells. Has protection against overheating, dry running, and overloads. High efficiency is ensured by a permanent magnet motor and parts made of durable materials.
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| Grundfos SPO 3-50 pumps are designed for use in autonomous water supply and irrigation systems. This model can be installed either in a five-inch well or in a well.
Models marked “B” are intended for dry installation and are equipped with a base plate. |
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Installation and connection, operating features
When the drilling work is completed and the inside of the well is equipped, you need to begin installing pumping equipment. Installation of screw pumps is carried out as follows:
- The pressure hose is connected to the screw pump using clamps.
- To lower the equipment to the required height, you need to attach a metal cable or nylon cord to the body. The lower part of the case is equipped with a special eyelet.
- The equipment is immersed in the well and the upper part is attached to a beam, which must be installed on the surface above the well.
- An electrical cable is connected to the control unit and a test run of the pumping station is carried out.
To extend the operational life of the equipment, it is important to familiarize yourself with the operating features. As a rule, they include the temperature of the working environment, the composition and concentration of solid particles in the liquid, and the stability of the power supply. If the unit is not equipped with a filter for coarse liquid purification, you need to purchase and install one, this will prevent the formation of blockages.
Details
Basic operating requirements
The passport for the pump contains requirements for the operation of screw pumps. In this case, reliable operation of the device is guaranteed:
1. The electrical network must be able to withstand 220 volts, an error of up to 8 percent down or up is allowed. In case of large power fluctuations, the pumps are connected to power using a voltage regulator.
2. The pumped liquid must have a temperature of up to forty degrees Celsius.
3. The volume of solid suspensions in water cannot be more than one hundred and fifty grams per cubic meter. Otherwise, the pump will fail before the stated expiration date.
4.pumps can be submerged up to eighty meters deep.
5. Engine coolant should not have a speed less than 0.08 meters per second.
6. Pumps cannot operate without water.
7. The distance from the well bottom should not exceed 1 meter.
8. The pipeline should not have a cross-section of less than twenty-five millimeters.
9.working starts per hour should not exceed fifteen times.
10. To make the pump turn on less often, a storage tank with a pressure switch is installed in the device.
11.Do not hang the pump using the electrical cable.
12.If the shut-off valve is closed, then the pump cannot be turned on, because the cooling liquid will not flow to the engine. The stator may overheat, then the pump will break.
13.Equipment can only be repaired by a special service.
Negative aspects of the pump
Disadvantages and advantages depend on the type of pump and application conditions.
There are disadvantages that apply to all models:
1.pumps do not work when idling.
2.low level of useful action. For different models, the efficiency value ranges from fifty to seventy percent.
3.it is impossible to regulate the water supply.
4.prices for devices vary widely. Inexpensive devices wear out quickly and overheat.
Installation
When installing equipment into a well, you should adhere to basic safety rules:
1.Pumps can be installed if welding is completely completed when laying the main pipeline.
2. the flow rate of the well should be checked in accordance with the performance of the pump.
3.check the quality of the connection of the outlet pipe with the pipeline fittings.
4.check all joints in the backbone network.
5. The pump should be lowered into the well using a chain or steel cable.
6. The electrical cable is secured to the supply pipe using clamps at a distance of two to three meters from each other along the entire pipeline.
7.The pump should be installed at a distance of 1 meter from the bottom.
8. The pump motor is located higher than the filtration mechanism.
9. Electricity can be supplied as soon as the cable is attached to the head of the source.
10. Air is removed from the pipelines so that there are no pressure drops when the pump is started.
