Polishing equipment for car body polishing

The surface of metal workpieces immediately after casting or cutting is rough and has burrs, and therefore the products are not suitable for use and require finishing. To obtain the required smoothness (up to 1.25 microns), processing on a grinding and polishing machine is required, which will eliminate increased roughness.

For these purposes, equipment with combined functions (grinding and polishing) or grinding and polishing installations that perform only one of the operations is used.

The main task of such machines is to remove damaged particles from the metal surface that were formed as a result of previously carried out processing. Excessive parts of material, for example in pipelines, interfere with further operation.

The grinding and polishing machine is used to perform the following operations:

For internal and external polishing of metal of various shapes.
For sharpening tools and abrading surfaces.
To create outer and inner bore diameters on shafts and bushings.
For turning threaded products, as well as for sharpening teeth on gears.

Grinding and sharpening machines are also used for processing extremely fragile materials, including ceramics and magnets.

How to make the right choice?

To perform grinding and polishing functions, choose high-performance models offered by the VSS-Group company. Before you buy a polishing machine, decide what specific tasks you need to perform.

Equipment is distinguished:

Sharpening and grinding - used in industry for sharpening and grinding piercing and cutting tools.
Cylindrical grinding - for products in the shape of a cone or cylinder.
Flat polishing - for straight, flat workpieces..
Internal polishing - for polishing the internal surface of metal products.

The selection criteria are parameters such as the rated power of the drive motor, the maximum dimensions of the workpieces, the permissible polishing angle, the dimensions of the equipment, and the number of revolutions per minute.

In the catalog you will find high-performance grinding and polishing machines, as well as equipment of other series and modifications that will fully satisfy the requirements of the production process, and most importantly, will eliminate roughness from the surfaces of metal workpieces that do not allow the final use of the product.

The cost of grinding and polishing machines also influences the choice. The VSS-Group company sells domestically produced products and is the official representative of large European importers, and therefore we offer polishing and grinding machines at the most reasonable prices.

Also on topic...

Areas of application

A device used to process metal is called a polisher or grinder. With its help, workpieces are processed and at the same time a surface roughness level of up to 1.25 microns is achieved. The machines are used for grinding parts made of different materials.

Using the equipment you can do the following:

polishing the metal, both inside and outside the workpiece, and they can have different shapes;
sharpen the tool;
peel off surfaces;
grind products with threads on the surface, sharpen teeth on gears;
cut grooves for mounting on shafts;
process fragile materials, workpieces made of magnets and ceramics;
perform operations at increased spindle speeds, which increases equipment productivity.

Do-it-yourself mirror polishing of aluminum wheels (equipment + video tutorial)

If you decide to do this work, think carefully and weigh your capabilities and strengths. This work takes a long time and requires endurance. It is worth considering and doing every little thing.

Study the process in detail, go through all the stages mentally, and make a plan. During the process, you will have to inhale chemical vapors and polishing dust for several hours. Hands and clothes will be dirty, money and effort will be wasted.

Arm yourself with gloves and a respirator.

Preparatory stage

Polishing aluminum wheels begins with cleaning. Factory wheels are covered with a special varnish film. When it dries, it changes and hardens. It is impossible to remove these residues physically; they resort to chemical paint removal. When buying a remover, ask clearly what tasks it is for and what components are included in it.

This chemical can be toxic and unusable, especially if the disc is powder coated. It is advisable to use varnish remover. It is important to pay attention to removing the remaining liquid itself - it can cause corrosion. And the rest of the dirt should go away. Pay attention to disc wear.

The quality of processing of a damaged disc with a bent rim will be questionable.

Grinding Methods

The grinding principle is general. The process begins with a coarse-grained abrasive, selected according to the type of flaws that need to be smoothed out. Then they move on to fine-grained abrasive. The master usually uses up to four types of different-grained surfaces. Each type of sanding is done after the previous marks have disappeared.

It should be taken into account that during work, powder is constantly formed, which must be removed from the surface of the grinding disc. After all, he will scratch the disk again. To remove dirt, use a clean cloth before moving to a finer abrasive. Work should be carried out at low speeds and without pressure, otherwise the disk will overheat. Monitor the progress of the process frequently and interrupt work to control.

Working with coarse-grained abrasive material can get carried away and change the geometry of the disc.

Tools and consumables for grinding

The text already mentioned a drill and all kinds of attachments. Level and accessible areas are treated with flat nozzles with replaceable sandpaper wheels.

Hard-to-reach places are treated with fine-grained cylindrical nozzles. There are always places where you can only do it yourself .

For these purposes, use a set of sanding paper with grit types - P240, 400, 600, 1200, 1000.

Polishing materials

The modern market offers a lot of different materials; polishing paste is sold in many auto stores. The main thing is to follow the sequence. First use a coarse polish, then a finer one. The common GOI paste is sold in different forms.

For our work it is worth purchasing black-green and light green. If you decide to polish with diamond paste, then you should purchase two types of it. It is worth considering that when applying polishing paste, it must be thoroughly rubbed into the surface until the color changes.

GOI paste must be heated or diluted in kerosene before use. Before starting final polishing, the surface of the disc should be wiped with a microfiber cloth. If during the process black stripes appear or the surface overheats, you need to remove all the polishing mass and start all over again.

Do-it-yourself mirror polishing of aluminum wheels requires attention, skill and intuition.

Polishing tools

For these operations the same tool is used as before. Just change the nozzles to softer ones. For coarse polish, use the hardest polishing wheel. For fine grain, use a softer wheel.

Felt attachments behave well in this process, holding the polish well on their surface. Felt attachments are used, and rag attachments for hard-to-reach places.

It is recommended to use fabric stitching circles.

Design and principle of operation

Metal polishing machines have the following equipment:

abrasive wheels and tapes;
stabilizing devices for workpieces;
motor and mechanism for transmitting rotation to the tool;
wires and cables for 220 V or 380 V;
base made of cast iron or high-quality steel;
cooling system and self-cleaning from chips during machine operation;
devices for measuring the level of surface roughness.

The equipment can be supplemented with devices to protect against chips getting into the eyes and respiratory tract. The use of special products extends the service life of the equipment.

The part is processed by rotating an abrasive wheel or tape with crumbs applied to it. As a result of pressing the workpiece, metal chips are removed when the surface rubs against the abrasive. A small amount of metal is removed in one pass, which is why the polishing process can take a long time. Various materials are processed, for example, stones (including precious ones), ceramics, glass, wood.

When adjusting the immersion depth of the wheel, the stiffness readings should be taken into account. The coarse grain removes a large amount of metal in one pass. Next, it is recommended to use a fine abrasive to smooth out surface roughness.

The best polishing machines

PATRIOT AG 180

These products were developed by an American company and manufactured in China. One glance at this instrument will be enough to see the high quality of workmanship and assembly. It is made from high-quality materials, thanks to which it was possible to achieve a fairly long service life of the model. All elements fit together as tightly as possible, the grinding machine is equipped with a soft start system, and no extraneous noise occurs during operation. Regardless of the force applied to the tool by the operator, the tool spindle will rotate at the same speed. Many users note that this equipment can also be used by professionals.

It is possible to manually adjust the rotation speed; the machine can be used not only for polishing, but also for grinding. The design is equipped with an ergonomic handle made in the shape of the letter D. Thanks to it, it is possible to provide a very comfortable and reliable grip, so your hands will practically not get tired during work. In order for the unit to serve for the longest possible time, the stator and rotor are armored; milled gears with meshing in the form of beveled teeth are installed in it. Equipment can be changed literally within a few seconds - this was achieved by installing a tool-free spindle locking system. The network cable here is rubberized; it retains its softness at both high and low temperatures. You can bend it as much as you like and in any way you like - this will not affect its performance.

Advantages:

Moderately noisy;
A huge number of innovative solutions;
Many users even classify it as a professional tool;
It copes well not only with a layer of paint, but also with many other materials - wood, plastic, and so on.

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Flaws:

It will be quite expensive;
The rotation speed adjustment does not always work correctly.

PATRIOT AG 180

SPEC BMP-1200

This is one of the most powerful machines in our entire review - it has a 1250 W motor, due to which the maximum speed here can reach 4200 rpm. The device is perfect for working in the most difficult to reach places. The equipment almost instantly copes with minor scratches on the car body; the device can also remove rust from surfaces, work with wood and other materials, giving them an attractive shine. The power button is located in the area of the main handle and can be easily reached. The handle itself is covered with a rubberized compound that prevents your hands from slipping. The set also includes an additional handle, which will be useful if you need to put extra effort into the tool.

The tool itself does not weigh very much, so you can easily work with it for more than one hour without a break. The speed is adjustable from 800 to 4200 per minute, the adjustment is stepwise. The engine has a brake function, so it is almost impossible to get injured when working with such a polishing machine. The consumables used here are wheels or sanding felt discs; their diameter should be 180 mm. You can also install the appropriate fur attachment here, which is used for the finishing stage of working with the surface.

Advantages:

Quite a long period of operation;
Very convenient to use and manage;
There is an engine brake that protects the user from possible injury;
High level of quality of work performed.

Flaws:

There is no soft start system for the engine.

SPEC BMP-1200

BISON ZPM-240

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With the help of such a polishing machine, it is possible to obtain a perfectly smooth surface when performing finishing work on materials such as wood, metal or even many polymers. The diameter of the working circle here is quite large, so the pressure on the treated area will not be too high. The device is equipped with an eccentric mechanism, the action of which is aimed at simulating manual polishing of the surface. Thanks to such possibilities, it is possible to obtain a perfectly smooth workpiece or already a product, and the work will not take too much time. This polishing machine can work not only on car bodies, it can also be used to clean up home parquet, furniture, and so on. Due to the presence of an additional handle, the accuracy of the work performed is significantly increased.

The maximum speed is 3200 per minute with a power consumption of only 140 W. The handles are all made with the addition of rubber, and are completely non-slippery due to specially applied corrugation. The start button is fixed, so you don't have to hold it all the time. The consumption of polish is economical. The fact is that the top layer of the plate is coated with special water-repellent compounds. This technological solution does not allow part of the polish to be absorbed, so all the material is used strictly for its intended purpose. The engine is well protected from overheating thanks to an innovative forced fresh air circulation system. Despite the fact that there are no additional features, this grinder will cope well with all the tasks facing it.

Advantages:

The optimum ratio of price and quality;
A forced cooling system is provided;
Long service life;
High quality manufacturing and assembly.

Flaws:

There is no motor brake when the power is turned off.

BISON ZPM-240

Huberth RP207183

This is one of the smallest polishing machines in our entire review. Due to its small size, this device can penetrate even the most inaccessible places and perform all the necessary operations there. Despite its small size, the weight of the equipment is quite decent - over 2.5 kg. This is due to the fact that a fairly powerful motor is installed here - 1100 W, which also has an electronic speed control system. This feature allows you to polish the surface as carefully and accurately as possible, preventing the occurrence of various types of defects. There is another interesting system - the machine maintains a constant number of revolutions under load at the same level. The engine is equipped with a soft start system.

The polishing wheels are secured with special Velcro, so they can be changed within a few seconds. The spindle rotation speeds are adjusted in steps and have six levels. The eccentric size is 21 mm, so the device is suitable for both small jobs and polishing large areas. The electrical insulation is reinforced, there is a built-in fan of the forced cooling system. The sock has a rubberized coating, it is very comfortable to hold on to when adjusting the degree of pressure on the device. The handle is covered with special materials that prevent vibration from being transmitted to the user's hand.

Advantages:

Reliability and durability of equipment;
Reasonable cost;
Small overall dimensions;
Quite stylish appearance.

Flaws:

Not very easy to find in stores.

Huberth RP207183

Status PA180M

It is also a very powerful design - the engine power here is 1300 W, the number of revolutions can be adjusted, and this figure ranges from 600 to 2500 per minute. It is worth noting that the device is very heavy: its weight is over 3.5 kg, so coupled with vibration, it will have a rather strong effect on your hands, which will quickly get tired. The power cable is enclosed in a neoprene sheath that maintains its elasticity at all ambient temperatures. Accordingly, you can use the unit almost at any time. The handle is very comfortable, it has a closed contour. There is a switch equipped with a protection system against unintentional starting.

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The gearbox is housed in an aluminum case, there is a button that locks the spindle in one position, so changing attachments will be very convenient. Like most of the products included in our review today, this machine has stabilization of the selected number of revolutions. The device is simply excellent at maintaining low speeds even under heavy load. The design is original, all elements in it are aimed at ensuring that it can work for a long time without interruption. The body and all internal parts practically do not heat up. The kit comes with everything you need to get started, even including a few pieces of sandpaper.

Advantages:

Excellent build quality;
Quite a reliable unit;
Accuracy of adjustment of rotation of moving elements;
Quite reasonable cost;
Extended kit.

Flaws:

Decent weight of the device.

Status PA180M

Makita SA7000C

Many users consider this equipment to be professional, and their point of view is not without common sense. First of all, you should pay attention to the body of the product, which is made of rubberized plastic. This is very convenient, since regardless of your grip, the machine will not slip out of your hands. Separately, it should be said about the build quality - no backlash or creaks were noticed. A soft start is provided, the engine power is at a very high level: it is 1600 W. Even with a fairly strong pressure on the tool, there is no loss of speed. If a disk of small diameter (around 125-150 mm) is installed, the device does not start to heat up. At the end of the product there is a button responsible for stepwise speed control. Here you can also find a nameplate with information on the key characteristics of the product.

The device has a decent weight and does not vibrate too much in your hands, but is still very sensitive. The handle here is approximately the same as that of a classic grinder. In general, the tool itself is unpretentious in terms of operation. If necessary, you can disassemble the housing and replace the motor brushes. The device can easily cope even with significant volumes of work, and even with intensive use it does not heat up, so this will not in any way affect the duration of its operation.

Advantages:

Very convenient, reliable and well-thought-out model;
Can easily cope with a significant amount of work;
The number of revolutions can be easily adjusted;
Clear instructions in Russian;
Easy to maintain;
Characterized by a long period of operation.

Flaws:

Significant mass of equipment;
The shape of the handle is not very convenient for such a tool.

Makita SA7000C

RYOBI R18B-0

The main distinguishing feature of this tool is its complete independence from the power supply, since the equipment is equipped with a reliable lithium-ion battery. Unfortunately, it is not included in the kit, so you will have to purchase the battery separately. This product, developed by a Japanese company, is very convenient to use. First of all, there is no need to use extension cords, carriers and other structures that can greatly interfere with work. This feature allows you to polish the car body almost anywhere. If we talk about the power of the battery itself, then it will be quite enough for the tool to start rotating at a speed of up to 2.5 thousand revolutions per minute.

At the same time, the weight of the battery is not too large, so even with the battery installed, the tool will remain comfortable for use. In this case, it will also be easy to operate, just like an ordinary corded polishing machine. This device is orbital - the eccentric rotates along a reciprocating trajectory. Thanks to this, it is possible to easily cope with even fine processing of the paint layer, and this applies to both convex and concave areas. It is not possible to change the eccentric stroke manually, so it is unlikely that it will be possible to adjust the operation of the polishing machine to certain conditions. The product comes with two discs - one fabric and one wool. With their help, you can finish the surface at both high and low speeds.

Advantages:

Real Japanese manufacturing quality of the device;
Availability of a battery with a long service life and a long battery life;
Orbital rotation;
Long period of operation.

Flaws:

It will not be possible to configure the device (change the eccentric stroke) to suit specific conditions.

RYOBI R18B-0

3. Interskol UPM-180/1300EM

In honorable third place in our review are products from another well-known Russian manufacturer. The company itself has been on the market for many years and specializes in the manufacture and sale of household and professional construction and finishing tools. The motor power of the polishing machine is almost 1200 W. The device is equipped with an angled handle, which is much more convenient during use compared to a removable straight type. The device is equipped with a soft start system, the speed is maintained under load. The product smoothly gains the required speed after switching on, and there are no involuntary jerks in the user’s hands. The machine belongs to the class of semi-professional instruments - it is unlikely that it will be able to work for 8-9 hours without a break, but it can easily withstand about 4-5 hours without rest.

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The device is easy to use, access to the main working elements is easy, so the user, if necessary, can not only replace the motor brushes, but also the stop button. Sanding consumables are attached with Velcro, so replacing them takes a minimum amount of time. The maximum diameter of the consumable is 180 mm. The device weighs quite a lot, but this moment is minimized due to slight vibration even if the machine operates at maximum speed.

Advantages:

Good value for money equipment;
If necessary, you can repair it yourself;
System of soft start and speed control;
Comfortable body and ergonomic handle shape;
Low vibration during operation.

Flaws:

Decent weight of the product.

Interskol UPM-180/1300EM

AEG PE 150

This design already applies to professional products. Not only is it able to work without interruption for quite a long time, but it can be used to process a variety of materials - from wood and metal to plastic and even stone. The machine also comes with a special handle that can be installed on the left or right side of the tool, making it easier to use. The design has a special gearbox with high torque. Thanks to this element, you can quickly process any materials by optimally adjusting the speed for this. The gearbox housing reduces quantitative and qualitative vibration, so if necessary, you can hold the machine even with one hand, without fear that it will jump out of your hands and cause injury.

Like many of the devices included in this review, it provides electrical adjustment of the number of revolutions, which helps to select the optimal mode of operation of the device for each material. The engine power is very high - 1200 W, the maximum diameter of installed consumables is 150 mm - quite enough for normal operation for a long time. The speed is adjusted smoothly in the range from 900 to 2500 rpm. The 4 m long power cable allows you to connect to the mains without using an extension cord. A unique forced ventilation system was developed for such a device. There is also a button that locks the spindle, allowing you to change the attachment even faster. If the motor brushes are very worn, the motor automatically turns off without burning out.

Advantages:

Repaired quickly and on your own;
High-quality processing of any surface;
Long service life.

Flaws:

The price is quite high (although for a professional instrument this is quite normal).

AEG PE 150

DeWALT DWP849X

Well, the recognized leader in the rating is the product developed by the world-famous German company. This device compares favorably with its closest pursuers in a number of ways. It is quite natural that the design is equipped with a soft start system and reliable engine protection from overheating and overloads - this has a positive effect on the longevity of the equipment. All components are of very high quality, and the assembly is also excellent: for these reasons, the manufacturer provides a three-year warranty on its products. It is not at all surprising that this machine has a rotation speed control and a system that stabilizes the number of revolutions. The maximum diameter of consumables is 230 mm, they are attached with Velcro; if necessary, you can install a surface in smaller sizes.

The gearbox housing is rubberized. This not only increases ease of use and prevents scratches on the surface of the structure, but also protects the device from overheating. The spindle rotation speed is smoothly adjustable, and this moment is constantly under the user’s control. The number of revolutions is changed by rotating the disk-type regulator. The air absorber is covered with special replaceable mesh screens that prevent hair and dust from entering the engine - this helps to significantly extend its service life. The rear handle is rubberized over the entire surface, which makes this tool easier to use.

Advantages:

A fairly large rotation speed regulator - it is convenient to change its position even with thick work gloves;
The kit includes two handles for greater ease of use;
Reliable protection against accidental startup.

Flaws:

High price.

DeWALT DWP849X

Specifications

The polishing and grinding machine has the following technical characteristics:

the power of the drive motor in private workshops is up to 200 W; in production, readings of up to 1 kW are used;
a set of abrasive tools with grains from coarse to fine, as well as felt circles;
rotation speed from 15 revolutions per minute;
The size range of circles starts from a diameter of 250 mm, with a thickness of up to 50 mm.

Powerful machine

Varieties

Polishing machines are frequently used equipment in industry. Thanks to them, workers can sharpen cutting tools. In production workshops and in everyday life, equipment of different designs is used, necessary for certain operations. The following types of polishing machines are distinguished:

sharpening and grinding;
calibration;
tape;
cylindrical grinding;
flat polishing;
internal polishing.

Sharpening and grinding

The design of such a machine is based on a motor with asynchronous rotation of the internal field. Used in industry. Wheels with different abrasives are attached to the rotor shaft on both sides; the finest grit is attached through a gearbox to reduce the rotation speed. Installation of additional protective screens is allowed. This mini machine can be used at home for sharpening cutting tools.

Calibration

Using such installations, wooden surfaces are processed, protrusions and transitions are smoothed. Chips are removed from the workpiece using a tape with abrasive chips applied to it. The machine is used for finishing.

Tape

Settings are used for more precise operations at the end of processing. The belt rotates using an engine at low speeds, tension is produced through a gearbox. Used in processing wooden products.

Cylindrical grinding

In terms of design, a cylindrical grinding machine is similar to a lathe; it is used in industry for polishing cone- and cylinder-shaped parts. Has a device for fastening and changing the rotation of the workpiece.

Flat polishing

Used to remove roughness from workpieces that have a straight, flat shape. To prevent distortion, the design uses a magnetic fastening.

Internal polishing

Used for polishing the internal surfaces of parts made of metal. The workpiece is fixed motionless, rotation is imparted only to the tool. Several spindles can be used in the design.

Selection principle

When choosing grinding and polishing machines, you need to consider the following technical parameters:

rated power of drive motors;
maximum dimensions of the processed workpiece;
permissible surface polishing angles;
individual equipment sizes;
number of tool revolutions per minute.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages include:

simplicity of design;
high productivity;
low labor costs;
elimination of roughness and scoring on the surface of workpieces, which can provoke corrosion;
convenient fastening of the part, as well as the use of additional means to protect against chips getting into the eyes and respiratory tract.

Negative properties include the appearance of surface stress in the metal during processing at high speeds.

Compact machine

Manufacturers and cost

Metal polishing and grinding machines are produced both by foreign companies and domestic factories. The price of products can start from 5 thousand rubles and depends on the functional features, dimensions, and technical characteristics.

Basic operational capabilities of polishing machines

There are not too many criteria for choosing such devices, but they are all important - the class of equipment, its power, the weight of the tool, the maximum diameter of the disk, the presence of a speed control system. All polishing machines are divided into two large groups by class - professional and household. If you are going to use this unit from time to time, then you do not need a professional tool, since it will cost much more than a household one.

Power affects the maximum load applied to the machine. Accordingly, a more powerful device can finish the job in less time. This figure usually varies from 400 to 1500 W. The higher the power, the greater the mass of the tool. It is advisable to purchase a design that weighs less - your hands will get less tired when working, and you will not need to take breaks to rest.

The diameter of the polishing disc also affects the overall performance - this parameter ranges from 120 to 240 mm, the most popular models today are those with diameters of 125, 150 and 180 mm. This factor directly affects the power - the higher it is, the greater the power. It is desirable that the machine has an electronic system for adjusting and maintaining speed. This feature will allow the device to maintain a certain number of rotations per minute, regardless of the load on it; accordingly, the work takes less time and is of better quality.

When choosing models for inclusion in our review, we, first of all, paid attention to all the factors discussed above, and also took into account the price-quality ratio of products, and largely relied on user reviews. For each product, we tried to collect the maximum amount of information so that you can choose the optimal tool for yourself.

Exploitation

When working on a polishing machine, it is recommended to follow the safety requirements:

protect your eyes with glasses; when rotating a workpiece or a circle, small parts may break off at high speed;
tuck hair under a hat;
It is prohibited to stand directly in front of the equipment;
Do not use gloves or long protective clothing;
At the end of the work, the polishing machine is cleared of chips, and surfaces susceptible to corrosion are lubricated.

Proper operation and maintenance allows the consumer to achieve a surface with the required level of roughness.

Technologies and means for polishing metal to a shine

Metal polishing: features of the preparatory and main processes. Metal polishing classes according to GOST. Various methods, means and machines for polishing and grinding metal to a mirror shine.

Metal polishing is the final stage in the manufacture of metal and alloy products, which consists of removing the thinnest possible layer of material from the surface of the part. There are a large number of ways in which you can polish a product to a shine, both at home and in industrial production. They are described in detail in this article.

Restoration work

The restoration treatment procedure consists of several stages:

washing the surface with special liquids to remove old polish and dirt;
grinding the body using diamond paste (in the future it is necessary to use those pastes that are compatible with it) and abrasive polishing. It is important not to damage the paint layer;
Before the last layer, the surface is washed again, degreased, and any remaining paste, polish, or abrasive is removed;
The last stage is the application of a non-abrasive protective agent.

Description and properties of the polishing process

GOST 9.301-86 regulates the requirements for the quality of processing of metal products as a result of polishing work. There are no special instructions regarding the gloss of surfaces after grinding, however, after polishing various defects, grooves, scratches, burrs, corrosion, etc. should be excluded.

In a word, polishing activities are designed to give the product an attractive appearance and consumer qualities.

In production there is such a thing as “polishing class”. The level of surface roughness of a particular part is determined using special equipment (microscopes and profilographs) down to 1 micrometer (μm, 1 mm = 1000 μm). If metal grinding is carried out at home, then the depth of the unevenness is determined by eye.

There are 14 roughness classes, which are indicated in special drawings in accordance with GOST 2789-59.

Polishing classes and requirements for them are presented in the table below.

Surface description	Roughness size (up to microns)	Polishing class	Mechanical processing method
Traces of processing are very noticeable	320	1	Planing, sharpening and milling
	160	2
	80	3
Traces of processing are very faintly visible	40	4	Soft abrasive, semi-finishing
	20	5
	10	6
Traces of processing are not visible at all	6,3	7	Fine flow, grinding
	3,2	8
	1,3	9
The surface of the metal product is perfectly smooth and has a characteristic mirror shine	0,8	10	Final polishing, soft polishing
	0,4	11
	0,2	12
	0,1	13
	0,05	14

Do-it-yourself car polishing

When you first look at a car, you evaluate its appearance. First of all, the eye is attracted by bright elements - this applies to wheel rims. The condition they are in determines how highly the car will receive an attractive rating. In fact, the condition of the wheels will tell not only about the beauty of the car, but also about the quality of the wheels in general. Let's see how to polish discs at home with your own hands.

Why polish?

New wheels always make owners happy. But their appearance remains as beautiful and shiny only for a few months of use. And then various defects will begin to appear. Discs are highly susceptible to corrosion processes, and they corrode especially quickly in harsh climates and due to poor-quality roads. Therefore, the owner needs to periodically clean them and get rid of scratches and traces of corrosion.

The alloy from which wheel rims are made is most often coated with paint. However, painting is not enough to get rid of the shabby appearance. Wheel polishing is also required. This process is not easy, but it is completely doable on your own.

Estimation of labor costs

The first step is to determine whether you really want to perform this operation. After all, during the process you will have to inhale vapors of chemical compounds and polishing dust for several hours. You will also have to get your clothes and hands dirty. In addition, polishing car wheels will require financial investment. And all this so that the discs reflect the puddle near the garage.

If the car owner agrees to this, then it is worth purchasing protective gloves (preferably rubber). Experts also recommend using a respirator. After all, beauty is good, but health is more important.

Preparatory procedures

Alloy wheels, using factory technology, are coated with a special protective varnish film. When it dries, it becomes hard. The hardness coefficient is equal to that of the alloy itself. It is unlikely that this film can be removed mechanically. Therefore, to remove the protective layer, you need to use a paint remover.

When buying a remover, you should definitely check with the seller what it should be used for and what basic components are in the composition. Paint removers are not toxic, but may be useless if the disc was previously painted using powder technology. But if the element has not been painted, then using varnish remover, according to the manufacturer’s instructions included, the protective layer can be accidentally removed.

Then you should thoroughly wash the disc from the liquid - it can sometimes cause corrosion. It is also recommended to thoroughly clean the element from dirt. Sand can seriously damage the appearance of the part in the future if it suddenly gets into the processing area.

Grinding

Polishing discs should begin with grinding. You don’t have to grind it, but only when the element is already polished and there are no serious defects on it. In this case, you just need to update them. In all other cases, grinding is mandatory.

Grinding technologies

You can sand the discs by hand without using any tools. This is a slow and ineffective method. Hand sanding is used only for hard to reach areas.

You can also grind with various hand tools that transmit torque to the abrasive attachment. As for the type of drive, this is not at all important. You can even use a regular hand drill or pneumatic tool.

In addition, grinding on machines is used. This method is the fastest. But there is a minus - it is very difficult to find special equipment. Some craftsmen are trying to make such machines themselves. The most important thing is to give the disk rotation, while the grinding element must have certain abilities to reach hard-to-reach places.

Another method that can be distinguished is grinding directly on the car hub. Here the machine is simulated. The required wheel is suspended using a jack or lift, and then torque is supplied from the motor. The grinding process can be carried out manually with hand tools, or you can use pneumatic or electric tools at low speeds. The main thing is that such a tool works at low speeds.

If the wheel rim has the correct configuration, then you can do without grinding. In this case, processing is carried out by turning the disk on a lathe.

How to grind?

There is nothing special or supernatural about disc grinding. General principles apply here. Initially, the wheel disk is processed with coarse-grained abrasive materials. As for the type of abrasive, it is selected according to the type of defect that needs to be removed. Then materials with finer grains are used. Finish processing with each material after removing traces of processing with the previous abrasive.

It is important to consider the following points:

During the processing process, it is recommended to constantly remove the mixture of metal powder and abrasive from the surface. All this again scratches the surface of the disk.
When switching to a finer abrasive material, the surface of the disc to be treated must be wiped with a cloth.
Grinding is carried out at the lowest possible speed to prevent overheating.
There is no need to put in a lot of effort. The process must be controlled visually. If necessary, grinding can be stopped for a while. Using a coarse-grained abrasive for work can result in miscalculation of the effort and disruption of the disc profile.

Tools and materials

A variety of drill attachments are used for grinding. Disc flanges and smooth areas are sanded using flat attachments with replaceable emery discs. For places where the circle cannot reach, small cylindrical tools are used. Unfortunately, there are always areas where no tool can reach. There are no alternatives in this case - you will only have to work manually.

Very often, when polishing discs, the following set is used: abrasive with sizes P240, P400, P600, P1000 and P1200.

Polishing and finishing

After grinding, the discs are polished. The process is usually carried out using the same tools that were used for grinding. But instead of an abrasive nozzle, softer devices are used.

Felt attachments have proven themselves to be excellent for polishing cast wheels. They perfectly hold polishing pastes on the surface. Felt tips are also used. Fabric attachments are excellent for treating difficult areas. Experts recommend using fabric stitching circles. They are produced in a variety of designs. They are intended for initial polishing as well as finishing work.

Materials for work

Do-it-yourself disc polishing can be done using absolutely any materials. Now the choice is simply huge. The main thing is consistency. You should start with a coarse-grained paste and finish with finer ones.

For example, GOI polishing paste, popular in Russia, is produced in various forms. Thus, coarse-grained and fine-grained differ visually. The darker the paste, the finer the grain. To polish wheel rims, you should buy light green and black-green.

If you decide to polish with diamond paste, then you need two types of it. One type is with a grain size from 100 to 40 microns, and the other for finishing is from 14 to 5 microns.

It is important to consider the following features:

When applying polishing pastes, it is necessary to thoroughly rub them into the surface being treated, while monitoring the color changes.
GOI paste requires preheating or it can be diluted in kerosene.
Before moving on to the final polishing of car wheels, they need to be thoroughly cleaned with a microfiber cloth.
If the disc overheats and black stripes appear on it, the polish should be immediately removed from the surface being treated, and then the whole work starts all over again.
The paste is applied to the circle and sprayed with slow movements over the entire surface. Over time, it will become visible visually that the surface becomes mirror-like.
Be sure to remove excess paste from the disc.

Preparatory stages

Industrial enterprises that engage in various types of metal processing check the condition of surfaces before grinding begins. Before using various chemical reagents and polishing machines, the part must be prepared for further stages of polishing; for this, the product is affected by one of the mechanical methods:

processing the part with compressed air together with special coarse abrasive elements that remove large build-ups of corrosion and rust from the surface;
cleaning the surface of the product with brushes with stiff bristles to remove signs of oxidation and sludge (dust formed as a result of cleaning with a coarse abrasive);
degreasing surfaces from traces of previous polishing agents by treating with warm organic solvents;
the use of alkaline solutions to remove residual mineral substances containing oil;
electrochemical degreasing (immersion of a metal product in an electrolyte).

All these methods are most often used in industrial production conditions. At home, to prepare a metal product for polishing, it is enough to treat the surface with sandpaper of varying hardness.

Materials

Polishing is carried out using circles, as well as applicators for applying wax and polishes. For manual work, they can be replaced with foam rubber. To polish the layer manually, use flannel, flannel, cotton fabric, or felt.

Coarse wheels (felt) are used for coarse abrasive pastes; if they are applied to a foam wheel, it will tear, so you need to read the instructions for the polishes.

The hardness of circles can be determined by their color:

white – the hardest, suitable for abrasive paste;
orange – neutral, for all types of pastes;
black - for the softest finishing product.

Deep grinding of the body is carried out with special sandpaper for polishing. This is not an ordinary “sandpaper”, it has a very fine abrasiveness from 1500 to 1300. Abralon with an abrasiveness of 4000 is also used. These materials are suitable for professional work - they are difficult to use without experience.

Metal polishing methods

The following types of polishing are used in metal processing plants:

mechanical;
chemical;
electrochemical;
using plasma;
laser;
ultrasonic

Mechanical method

A grinding machine is an indispensable tool for high-quality polishing of metal until its original shine appears. The polishing machine has a so-called abrasive wheel, the coating of which will depend on the nature of the work and the material.

The process of metal processing using a grinding machine will proceed as follows:

The polishing wheels and the area of metal that needs to be processed are moistened with water. To process metal, the disk must rotate at a speed of 1400 rpm. It must be taken into account that at such a rotation speed the spray will scatter 1–1.5 meters, so care must be taken to adequately protect the face and clothing.
The surface being processed will begin to heat up as a result of friction, and the water will evaporate. As a result of this interaction, unevenness and roughness will be removed, forming blockages of metal particles and water on the base of the abrasive wheel. Every few minutes you need to turn off the machine and rinse the disc under running water. Metal particles should be removed not only from the tool, but also from the surface of the product.
To achieve a mirror shine, it is recommended to use felt material. This attachment is placed on the grinding disc so that the edges protrude 1–1.5 cm beyond the border of the circle. The felt and the surface of the metal part must be moistened with water, after which the final polishing of the metal occurs.

If you don't have a special machine, you can use a polishing agent such as sandpaper. First you need to sand the surface with a coarse abrasive, and then a softer one. After switching from one grain size to another, you can begin the finishing stage of processing.

At the final stage, polish is used. For metal products, as well as for stone surfaces, diamond paste is excellent, which can restore surfaces to ideal smoothness and mirror shine. The surface of the metal product is carefully treated with a cloth onto which the polishing paste is applied.

Chemical polishing of metal

Chemical polishing is the most effective solution for metal products and alloys that have a decorative function.

The essence of the chemical method of cleaning metal is that all the work to restore the surface of the product is performed by special solutions of chemical reagents and acids.

The solution must be heated to a certain temperature, which depends on the components of the metal alloy, after which the metal product is immersed in the solution for several minutes. A reaction occurs between the metal and the chemical solution, as a result of which the defective layer of the product is destroyed.

In order to immerse the part in the solution, special holders are used. There is no need to use manual labor, and metal processing occurs evenly over the entire surface.

However, this method has a drawback: after the procedure, the surface of the product is more matte than shiny. In addition, this method requires compliance with a number of safety rules.

Electrochemical metal polishing

The current accelerates the process of destruction of the oxide layer even in barely noticeable depressions on the metal surface.

As a result, the product acquires perfect smoothness. This method is perfect for those who are looking for an answer to the question of how to polish metal to a mirror shine.

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption and the need to regularly replace the chemical solution.

Plasma polishing

Polishing metal using plasma is similar to the electrochemical cleaning method: the product is also immersed in a chemical solution, followed by an electrical discharge through it.

However, the electrolyte-plasma method does not involve the use of a mixture of chemical reagents and acids, but a harmless solution obtained from ammonium salts.

The result of electroplasma polishing will be not only a mirror shine and perfect smoothness, but also additional protection against corrosion.

Laser metal polishing

A laser device acts on the surface of metal products by delivering pulses of light. The energy, in contact with the metal, is converted into plasma, its particles disintegrate, which leads to the appearance of a shock wave.

The light pulse is not long enough to damage the product, but it does break down damaged metal particles.

Due to this feature of the laser beam, if the product requires deep cleaning, the same area of the metal surface will have to be affected several times.

The laser installation, made of steel, has such a feature as self-limitation. The device itself reduces the intensity of the impact and the power of the beam as soon as the laser reaches a layer of metal that does not need polishing.

Ultrasonic metal polishing

Ultrasonic polishing of metal is one of the types of processing of various surfaces by crushing, that is, the destruction of the defective surface layer is carried out after applying a load to the material.

Oscillations of the ultrasonic wave form chips and cracks, as a result of which the top layer of metal comes off by itself, like an eggshell.

This method helps out if the material is not a conductor of electric current and cannot act as an anode during electrochemical cleaning. It is also great for polishing thin and fragile items, including gemstones and metals.

Ultrasonic metal processing technology is as follows:

A composition of abrasive elements is placed in a special working sector of the device.
The device is located in close proximity to the surface being treated.
The vibrating device causes the abrasive elements to vibrate, affecting the top layer of the product.
The defective layer cracks and collapses under the influence of vibrations.

Silicon or boron particles on a carbide basis can act as abrasive elements, and the vibrating factor can be the supply of fresh water.

If you have experience in polishing metal using industrial and improvised methods, share it in the comments.

Polishing agents

All products for polishing car paintwork can be divided into groups:

Polishes without abrasive particles. They are used for protective treatment and are sold in the form of paste, liquid, and aerosols. The polish is selected depending on the surface being treated (horizontal or vertical) and the level of cloudiness of the paint layer. The product is intended to add shine and freshness rather than to remove serious scratches - it does not remove chips or scratches. There is a paste for this.
There are four types of car polishing pastes: micro-, fine-, medium-, and coarse-abrasive. To remove large defects - drips, shagreen, scratches - use pastes with a large abrasive component. Small scratches can be removed using fine and medium abrasive pastes.

Deep scratches are polished first with coarse abrasive compounds, then with medium abrasive ones, and so on until the very fine-grained paste.

To prepare the surface for work, you will need additional means: liquids that reduce surface fat, water.

Purpose

The scope of use of such high-tech machines is quite wide - they are used by both small businesses and large enterprises.

Polishing machines are quite a useful thing in the hands of a master and they are intended for final polishing of the surface of products up to roughness class 11-12. When working on a polishing and grinding machine, a very thin top layer is removed from the surface of the workpiece, thus finishing the material. At the heart of such an industrial machine is an abrasive wheel, which does all the polishing work on the workpiece.

Scheppach TiGer 2000S water cooled

A metal polishing machine is used to process surfaces made of stainless steel, brass, aluminum, etc. They can also be used to polish pipes, sheets of metal, various flat surfaces and extruded profiles, as well as finished parts.

Wood grinding and polishing machines are used in woodworking, furniture industry, and for the manufacture of decorative parts.

For stone processing, cantilever lever machines are used.

Such equipment can easily handle the processing of chairs and tables, polished mirror sheets, chests of drawers, and door handles. There are models that polish stone and a variety of ceramics.

Mirror polishing of car wheels

Car rims are like shoes for a car. It’s not for nothing that at first glance a person is judged by his clothes, or more precisely, by his shoes. It's the same with a car. Even if the car is worth several million, if the car's rims are in poor condition, dirty and scratched, this will worsen the appearance of the car. Polishing car rims will help restore the original newness, which any car enthusiast can handle.

A shiny disc really looks very beautiful, don’t be lazy to polish yours

Types and features of wheel rims: stamped and not only

When you decide to polish yourself, study the types of car wheels, because for each type there are rules and costs.

Stamped wheels are a common type of “shoes” for cars. They gained popularity due to their low price, 1000-1500 rubles. More often, stamped ones are “native” to the car, and drivers are in no hurry to change for others. And there’s no point in that, because these ones won’t split when they fall into a hole, but will crumple, as a result of which they can be repaired without any problems

The disadvantage of this type is its weight, unlike forged and cast analogues. Also, the lack of variety in appearance is a disadvantage. But this problem can be easily overcome with the help of wheel covers, which will change the appearance of the car.

Cast

Cast ones differ from stamped ones in their lightness, because while the former are steel, the cast ones are aluminum. The second advantage of this material is thermal conductivity, which helps remove heat from the brake mechanisms. The technology for manufacturing alloy wheels allows you to create any shape, which is why car owners love them.

But there are also disadvantages. If the discs fall into a hole, they will crack, and it is impossible to restore them, only replace them by purchasing one for 4000-5000 rubles. Despite this, the cast material has many supporters among drivers.

Forged

Automotive forged wheels combine the advantages of the first two types. Despite their lightness, forged ones are durable and do not split if they fall into a hole. But there is also a minus here. Due to its strength, the load is transferred to the suspension, so getting into holes with a forged version is fraught with serious damage.

Forging is a very durable invention and is very popular

They do not differ in variety of appearance, but the price is maintained at the level of 3000-4000 rubles.

But no matter what choice you make, over time you will need to polish the wheels, and we’ll figure out how to do it yourself further.

Grinding methods

Wheel rims are polished in different ways:

Manually, without using additional equipment. This method is not popular due to the waste of time and effort;
Using equipment for polishing discs, a polishing machine or an ordinary drill with a set of special attachments;
Assembling a polishing machine with your own hands. Such equipment is only available in service stations, but handymen manage to assemble the machine themselves.
Using a car hub. To do this, we hang the wheel using a jack and force the engine to rotate it. The polishing itself is done manually or using a machine.

The choice of method depends on your capabilities.

Materials and tools

Whichever polishing option you choose, you will need special tools for the job, without which polishing car wheels is impossible.

Degreasing car shampoo that will remove surface dirt;
Lint-free towels;
A set for polishing discs, including sandpapers of different grain sizes (from P240 to P2000);
Polishing pastes for metal, with and without abrasive;
Protective varnish or polish.

The main thing is to choose the right polish for the job. But don’t be afraid to make a mistake, because choosing it is not so difficult.

You will definitely need a wheel polishing kit.

Types of wheel polishes

There are many variations of car polishes on the car cosmetics market, but they are divided into three groups based on consistency: powder, gel and solid.

Powder polishes are of the aggressive type. The composition contains hard particles that help cope with scratches and other defects. Polishing discs from scratches using abrasive powders requires care, otherwise overdoing it can ruin the surface forever. These polishes are considered durable and wear-resistant, since they are applied under the influence of current.

The creamy polish is suitable for owners of new cars that have not been seriously damaged on the road. Metal polishing pastes gently polish the surface and form a protective layer that will retain its shine for a long time.

Solid polishes, for example, GOI, do not lose popularity even after decades. Polishing aluminum wheels with these means is not easy, but the price and high-quality composition attract drivers. In addition, wax polishes provide additional protection, but are short-lived.

Having finished choosing materials, let's move on to the main question - how to clean car wheels and is it possible to do it yourself?

Disc polishing: process and principle of operation

Of course available. But for this you need to master the skills if you take up polishing for the first time.

Let's prepare the car for work. First you need to lift the car and remove the wheels. Please note that if polishing is carried out for the first time, the surface is probably covered with a special film. It is impossible to remove it mechanically, so take care of the paint remover in advance. Advice. Do not work hastily by lifting the car on a jack - polishing the discs with your own hands will not give results. First you need to clean the surface of dirt and debris, wash it with shampoo and dry it.
It is advisable to use a machine for polishing discs with your own hands and secure the part to be sanded on it. Pay attention to the presence of corrosion. If it has managed to touch the surface, it must be removed. Slowly clean the surface with coarse sandpaper. It should be selected based on the damage to the disc. If they are minor, start with P600-1000 sandpaper. For serious cases, a coarser grit material will be required.
Whatever sandpaper you start with, go round and round with lighter grit sandpapers. Polishing with one circle lasts 3-5 minutes. After each cleaning, rinse the surface or wipe with a soft cloth. Grinding of cast wheels is completed with sandpaper of P3000-P4000 grit.
Mirror polishing of cast wheels is carried out with a special soft paste. To do this, apply the product to the polishing wheel and use circular movements to rub it into the surface. Using the machine, the principle remains the same - make sure that the polishing is uniform and no problems will arise. Polishing discs to a mirror finish takes 40 - 90 minutes.
We complete the work using protective varnish for alloy wheels. You can apply it with a brush, the task is to ensure uniform application and avoid uneven transitions. One coat of varnish is rarely enough, so after applying the first coat, let it dry (at least 2 hours), then cover the surface a second time. Painting car wheels prevents corrosion.
We rinse each part with water to remove small particles and wipe dry. Do-it-yourself polishing of alloy wheels is completed.

Do-it-yourself work is always of better quality and the result is doubly pleasant

This is the list of basic polishing works. Changes will need to be made during operation depending on the sanding method and individual needs. Polishing of the wheel spokes may be necessary. Clean with a regular cloth using liquid or aerosol polish.

Precautions and Tips

Any human activity, if not handled carefully, can cause a lot of trouble. To prevent this, take care to ensure health safety and perform the job correctly.

Before you start polishing, take care to protect your skin: wear gloves and a mask that covers your face, because most polishes and varnish for aluminum wheels are toxic;
You should not use maximum effort to remove defects. Light pressure on the polishing cloth is enough;
Do not allow the surface to overheat - grinding the discs is carried out at a slow pace by hand and at low speeds when using a grinding machine;
Before purchasing a polish, make sure that it does not contain anhydrous ammonia or acids. If they are present, the use of polish will lead to corrosion;
If it is not possible to remove the wheels, it is better to polish them manually so as not to touch the machine on any foreign surface of the car.

In addition, there are little tricks that will simplify the work.

Polishing discs to a mirror shine with your own hands will go faster if, using GOI paste, you heat it up or dilute it in kerosene;
Don't have a sander? No problem - use an ordinary drill at low speeds;
Deep scratches can be removed with a file, and marks from the curb can be cut off with a grinder;
Do-it-yourself grinding of brake discs in hard-to-reach places will go faster when done by hand, and to get into grooves or threads that cannot be polished with a machine, use a toothbrush with a polishing cloth wrapped around it;
Instead of polish, buy regular toothpaste;
Primer treatment will serve as an additional protective layer;
The varnish will lay down in an even layer if you spray it from the can in a circular motion;
Weekly washing of discs with special protective shampoos will help maintain the polishing effect;

httpv://youtu.be/6snNk8fFsd0

The mirror polishing of the discs is complete. Now admire the reflection of puddles in the shiny surface and don’t be afraid of possible damage on the road. Remember to repeat the procedure every season or every 6 months.

Source: https://krasimavtomobil.ru/tune/uznajte-kak-ya-poliroval-diski-avtomobilya-oni-do-six-por-blestyat/

Classification

A manual polishing machine is quite often used in everyday life. If for some reason it is not possible to buy one, then you can make a polishing machine with your own hands using a regular drill. To do this, you just need to clamp the felt disc into the chuck. But such a homemade metal polishing machine is not suitable for long-term operation.

There are also polishing angle grinders, which, unlike the well-known “grinder”, have adjustable speed. On such devices, the speed is significantly lower than on a conventional angle grinder. Thanks to this fact, the paintwork will not melt or deform. By replacing the polishing disc with a flap abrasive wheel, a manual sharpening and polishing machine can be used to process various products and workpieces. Using such a device, you can grind and polish the body, headlights, glass of a car, motorcycle, etc. at home.

Tabletop, but already stationary polishing and grinding machines, which some place in their garage, in a small private workshop should include an emery machine installed on a workbench or a special podium. In general, a tabletop polishing machine differs from a regular emery machine in that a different tool is installed on it.

For example, the JSSG-10 tabletop polishing machine is perfect for working at home. Thanks to its fairly rich functionality and low price, it compares favorably with its competitors. The Jet JSSG-10 v machine can be used to sharpen, straighten and fine-tune cutting tools.

You can also select polishing machines for wood and metal. But this distinction is very conditional, since the equipment itself is used the same, only the nozzle changes.

A belt polishing machine is typically used for processing flat surfaces (for example, bars, boards). For different types of wood and metal, different abrasive belts are used.

In the machine tool industry, there are polishing machines with laps (finishing machines), centrifugal and liquid ones.

Jewelry polishing machine

As for finishing machines, they are used for finishing fine grinding of the surfaces of parts and eliminating roughness left on them by previous tools.

The remaining 2 types of equipment are usually used when processing workpieces of complex shapes.

Centrifugal machines have a certain container that is filled with a special solution or abrasive powder. When the container rotates, this mixture also begins to move and polishes the workpiece.

In liquid polishing machines, the workpiece is placed in a chamber, and polishing occurs with a jet of special liquid, which is saturated with abrasive. The pressure of such liquid from the nozzle is up to 50 m/sec. During polishing, the nozzle itself moves along the workpiece.

Polishing value

Eliminating chips, microcracks, small scratches, and preventing these damages are tasks that body polishing can handle. Some work can be done with your own hands, while others are better left to car services.

Most often, work is carried out in the off-season: before the winter period and in the spring. Protective treatment can prevent the appearance of chips and microcracks from stone impacts, and minimize paint clouding. Restorative sanding is used when the listed defects have already appeared on the paintwork.

Workpiece processing technique

The method of processing workpieces with polishing equipment is based on the circular rotation of a felt (abrasive) disk and the reciprocating motion of the work table with the product installed on it. The processing disk, rotating at a certain pace, cuts off the top layer of the surface being processed in one pass, and the work table constantly moving back and forth ensures uniform processing of the surface.

The thickness of the layer removed from the workpiece, which affects the quality of the processed surface, is achieved in different machines in different ways - usually it is changed by automatic or manual movement of the work table up or down. Sometimes, in new models of equipment, the working part with the polishing tool can change its location along the vertical axis.