How to correctly write dimensions length width height

How to write height width depth

Have you decided to purchase a cabinet measuring 600x400x500? What do the first, second and third overall dimensions mean? How to determine the size of a pine bed or a metal single bed correctly? Furniture dimensions vary. Sometimes you can find designations without markings (SHGV). How to correctly indicate the dimensions of furniture?

Main dimensions of furniture

Width x Depth x Height (W x D x H)

Designation of furniture dimensions without front side Length-Width-Height

(Tables, chests for lying on, metal beds, pine beds) LBH, L is the length (GOST 13025.3 p 2), H is the width, H is the height or L x W x H

Dimensions of furniture with a specific front side L x B x H Width-Depth-Height

(Tables, cabinets, seating sofas, armchairs, chairs, wall shelves) L is the width, B is the depth (GOST 13025.3 clause 3.1), H is the height

Dimensions of furniture for lying down with an indefinite (multiple) front side L x W x H Length-Width-Height.

Pine bed, sofa bed, bench, chest for lying and products, dining table, meeting table and the like: L x W x H (Length-width-height).

Dimensions of drawers, chests L x B x H

Dimensions of furniture parts L x B x H Length-Width-Thickness

Cabinet filling options

The filling of the bedroom closet directly depends on the preferences of the apartment owner. This also applies to the design of the facade. Today there is a wide range of furniture available, not to mention custom-made designs. The internal content directly depends on the design features of the product. Details are selected to ensure convenient use of this interior element.

With two doors

This model is the most popular option for use in the bedroom and dressing room. It is very convenient and easy to use. The interior space is divided into two sections, which are connected at the top by a mezzanine. Options for organizing useful volume:

1. In the first section, a hanger bar is installed. If desired, furniture can be equipped with roll-out baskets for storing knitwear or shoes. On the other side, shelves and drawers are installed.
2. In the second option, the first compartment in the lower part is equipped with a shelf, which is used to store various things and objects. The rest of the space is organized according to the previous scheme.
3. If short items are stored on the hanger, the section can be divided into two compartments by a horizontal shelf. It is also possible to install shelves below the bar.

There are quite a lot of variations in the organization of internal space. When choosing, you should consider your needs and preferences. For the fair sex, the ideal option would be to install drawers with divisions for storing various small items and cosmetics.

wardrobe with two doors

With three doors

Unlike the previous option, this option has three compartments, which significantly increases its functionality. You can distribute the internal space in several ways:

1. The first compartment contains a rod and several shelves or drawers below. The second part is equipped with shelves and drawers. As for the third compartment, it can be divided by a horizontal shelf. This will allow you to organize a place to store bulky items and items.
2. The first compartment consists of two rods, which are located one above the other. The second is a bar with one or more shelves underneath it. In the third compartment, shelves or drawers are installed. If you wish, you can get by with one element, or create an original combination.
3. In the third case, all sections are divided by horizontal shelves. The upper halves contain drawers, shelves and a hanging rod. The lower compartments are ideal for storing bulky items.

The arrangement of internal parts can be varied. The main thing is that the furniture is functional, and the filling of the wardrobes is convenient to use.

wardrobe with three doors

Corner design

Installing corner furniture allows you to make the most of the space in the room. A product of this configuration has its own design features. If you organize the internal space correctly, the capacity will be an order of magnitude higher than standard models. This is especially true for the use of corner dead zones. The layout might look something like this:

1. Clothes hangers are installed in the middle. On the sides there are shelves and drawers. If desired, the outer side of the side walls can be equipped with original shaped shelves for storing various decorative items.
2. On one side, long, deep shelves are made. On the other side there are two compartments with shelves. Below there is space left for heavy and bulky items.
3. In the middle, rods with hangers are installed one above the other. There are shelves and drawers on the sides.

In the case of corner furniture, the main thing is to properly organize the arrangement of the wardrobe. This will allow you to use it as efficiently as possible for storing various things and items.

Corner wardrobe

Radius cabinet

The peculiarity of such furniture lies in the original curved doors. This is taken into account when making shelves. They must match the shape of the doors. The structure itself can be concave, convex or wavy.

Despite their appearance, quite large items can be hidden behind the doors. Some models are equipped with pull-out cabinets and dressing tables with a mirror. Therefore, tonis not only look original, but are also very roomy.

Radius wardrobe

Built-in wardrobe

The peculiarity is that the space from floor to ceiling is used at the discretion of the household. In a niche you can install not only shelves and hangers for storing various things. Modular inserts are very popular. So, in the built-in closet you can organize space for a computer or TV. In this case, there are a lot of options. Therefore, you will need to think seriously about organizing the internal space.

Choosing the optimal size of premises in a residential building: selecting the aspect ratio

Depending on the purpose and local conditions, the aspect ratio of the rooms may be different, but, in general, there are optimal values ​​that are most convenient for living, perception, uniform lighting, heating and furniture placement.

Selection of the optimal size of premises in a residential building

Shape of premises (rooms)

In residential buildings, premises (rooms) are usually rectangular or square in shape. Premises with oval, round shapes and shapes with smooth lines are not rational to use in budget class residential buildings; such shapes are accepted in large luxury class houses.

Units of length edit edit code

Metric system edit edit code

The metric system is considered the most convenient of all those invented because of its simplicity. The metric system is based on the unit of measurement meter. All other units of measurement are multiples of powers of ten from a meter (for example, a kilometer is 10³ meters, etc.), which makes calculations easier. Until 1960, the meter had a special standard, now stored at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, located in the city of Sèvres (a suburb of Paris, France). Today, by definition, a meter is equal to the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

British American system edit edit code

The original English units of length were the mile, yard, foot and inch. The mile came to England from Ancient Rome, where it was defined as a thousand double steps of an armed Roman soldier

.

Old Russian system edit edit code

In Ancient Rus', the measure of length, weight, etc. was a person. This is indicated by the names of length measures: cubit (distance from the end of the extended middle finger of the hand or clenched fist to the elbow bend), span (distance between the extended thumb and index finger), fathom (distance from the end of the fingers of one hand to the end of the fingers of the other) and others [1].

In particular, the arshin was associated with the length of a human step. However, the need to unify measurement systems with the British one in connection with the development of international trade required the introduction of the so-called “state yardstick” during the time of Peter I. It was a measuring ruler with metal tips bearing the state mark. The official arshin was equal to 28 English inches and divided into 16 vershok. [2]

Full list 1 bid 1 bid

the number of indexes of the line follows the dimensional circle of the car with signs

Excess of surface above the floor for an adult

For a straight layout or a corner cover model, the level of the top surface is the same. According to the standard, a desk in a house can have different heights. It depends not only on the user’s height, but also on the accessories placed on the tabletop:

• size according to GOST for the height of the lid for drawing and writing – 72-78 cm;
• office equipment installed on top is a reason to reduce the lower limit of the distance to 650 mm;
• world practice: with a height of 1.5-1.6 m - height 60 cm, 1.75-1.83 - 70-80 cm, 1.9-2 m - 85-90 cm.

The comfortable level of the tabletop for children's furniture is different.

Thread designation in the drawing

With more stringent requirements

In such cases, a compensation correction is introduced into the roulette readings and the corresponding

a new observation technique at the station or more high-precision instruments.

Leveling the bottom and slope of the pit.

Before cleaning the bottom of the pit, a mesh is laid out over its entire area, which is usually formed from the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse axes. At the tops of the mesh, stakes are driven in such a way that their upper cut is as wide as possible

closer to the design mark of the pit bottom. Then, by leveling, the design marks of the ends of the stakes are determined. Between these reference points, additional stakes are driven in 3 - 5 m and

using three sights, the design marks of the pit bottom are obtained. At the same time, two constants

sights are installed on support points, and the third - the chassis - is placed on a stake between the permanent sights. By hitting the end of the stake where the running sight is installed, they ensure that the top of the three sights is on the same straight line.

Work on cleaning the pit is completed with as-built survey and preparation of execution instructions.

detailed diagram, which shows the actual and design marks of the bottom of the pit (Fig. 9).

Fig.9. Executive diagram of the pit

When cleaning the slope of a pit, a slope right triangle is used (Fig. 10,a),

Sloping pattern (Fig. 10, b) or guide board (Fig. 10, c).

Fig. 10. Devices for cleaning pit slopes

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Date added: 2015-12-22; ;

The optimal size of stair steps in the house

When calculating the size of the steps to the second floor, you need to know some nuances:

• Riser size 15-18 cm.
• Tread – 30 cm.
• Comfortable step length is from a meter, preferably 120 cm.

The number of steps themselves is not too difficult to calculate. To do this, you need to know such a parameter as the floor height. The accuracy must be absolute, otherwise the steps will differ in size. Standards recommend setting the height of the steps to 15 cm, but it may vary slightly.

Next, you need to divide the resulting floor height in centimeters by the height of the steps, and then subtract one, since the last step will come out on its own.

And it is necessary to take into account the clearance, that is, the height from the step to the upper barrier. This is at least two meters - otherwise you will have to constantly put bandages on your head: there will be bruises. It is recommended to entrust drawings and calculations to specialists - without the necessary skills, there is a possibility of fatal errors. It is very important to make long and complete preparations to avoid various difficulties.

Thickness

Most of us remember school mathematics lessons. Even then, teachers told us that it is customary to use the Latin letter “s” to denote a quantity such as area. However, according to generally accepted standards, a completely different parameter is written in drawings in this way - thickness.

Why is that? It is known that in the case of height, width, length, the designation by letters could be explained by their writing or tradition. It’s just that thickness in English looks like “thickness”, and in Latin it looks like “crassities”. It is also not clear why, unlike other quantities, thickness can only be indicated in lowercase letters. The notation "s" is also used to describe the thickness of pages, walls, ribs, etc.

OOO

Pencils and sheets of whatman paper are gradually becoming a thing of the past, giving way to digital technologies and specialized programs. But the principles of drawing remain the same and it is necessary to learn to read drawings.

In production and in construction organizations, the use of design documentation is widespread, which is impossible to develop without knowledge of drawing.

To create simple and complex pipelines and electrical installations, for assembly units and high-rise metal structures, it is still necessary to create projects.

Basic rules for reading drawings

Any rack or fastener is first embodied on a sheet of paper or computer screen and only then transferred to the production workshop. To correctly understand the task, so that the responsible employee can understand exactly where the welding seams should be applied or a hole of the required diameter should be made, one must be able to read technological documents.

In mechanical engineering, drawings can be different: there are drawings of parts, assembly drawings, diagrams, specifications, etc. Technical drawings must be made in accordance with the rules of state standards (GOST) or the Unified System of Design Documentation (ESKD).

The number of images should be minimal. In engineering graphics, a drawing is a representation of an object using projections and the exact ratio of its dimensions.

Tolerances and landings

Why is all this needed? This question arises not only among production workers. This is intended so that the factory does not waste time constantly measuring the actual dimensions of the received part, and produces compatible products without defects.

The numerical values ​​of the upper and lower limit deviations are indicated next to the sizes in a smaller font than for the dimensional numbers. Tolerance is the range of deviation from the nominal size. The tolerance field is indicated by either one or two letters of the main deviation and a quality number.

The fit consists of a tolerance on the outer, male surface, a tolerance on the inner surface, and is determined by the amount of clearance or interference. Fit is indicated using a fraction on the right side of the size, the numerator indicates the maximum deviation, and the denominator has a similar designation for the compatible part.

Size designations

The size of the part is indicated by the corresponding numbers and lines with arrows at the ends. Dimension lines are continuous and parallel outside the outline of the part.

Units of measurement are not indicated on the drawings; by default, everything is indicated in millimeters.

Detail elements

There are times when it is more convenient to move and enlarge part of a part outside the main outline. In fact, these are the most difficult areas of the product in question. This is usually done with intricately shaped parts to save space on the drawing.

The complex part is outlined either in a circle or an oval and signed with a Roman numeral. The extension element of this fragment is assigned the same Roman number in the denominator, and its scale is indicated in the numerator.

Designation of materials in sections

A section is an image of a figure obtained after its conditional dissection. It shows only the shapes of the part, without revealing the other segments that are located behind it.

Sections can be extended or superimposed. The former are displayed outside the shape of the object, the latter directly on it.

The section contour is filled with oblique solid lines with an inclination angle of 45 degrees. The lines should be located in the same direction on all sections for one part, taking into account the material of the product.

They can be located anywhere in the drawing, at an arbitrary angle, but in this case with the addition of the word “rotated” above the section in the inscriptions.

Symbols on the drawings of technological documentation

The drawings use symbols established by state standards. These are the basics; they describe the rules for designing signs, letters, numbers, lines, and so on.

Usually they are not explained in the drawing, with the exception of symbols in which it is necessary to indicate the standard number. Still, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with GOSTs to execute and recognize drawings or diagrams.

This is exactly the case when simply reading a drawing textbook is not enough. It is best to take specialized courses or study engineering or other professions related to manufacturing or construction.

The ability to read technological documentation is necessary for both an engineer and an ordinary turner.

In general, mechanical engineering and other industries use a number of basic designations:

1. Letter

   , reflecting conventional quantities, for example, radius, thread pitch and much more.

2. Digital

   , expressing size values, angle values, etc.

3. Alphanumeric

   , found mainly in electrical circuits.

4. Graphic

   – these are the basic elements of technical drawing. They display both the structure of the part, the material of the product, and its design (door or window opening, etc.).

All this is necessary for the correct presentation of the minimum information on the sheet and its subsequent correct reading.

The order of reading drawings for beginners

In addition to drawings, a sketch is also widely used - this is not a technical drawing. This is a sketch of an object on an arbitrary scale, for the production of which no drawing tools are used, and it is not accompanied by inscriptions and dimensions. There are also no signs placed on it or next to it. The quality of the sketch depends on how close it is to the drawing.

Reading a drawing is a representation on a two-dimensional flat surface based on images of the three-dimensional shape of an object and its dimensions and containing other information.

But how to learn to read drawings correctly? Are there any simple, general principles for this?

Reading occurs in the following order:

• the main inscription of the drawing is readable;
• the main view is determined;
• types are analyzed and mentally combined into a single whole;
• The dimensions of the part and its components are determined.

Example of reading a part drawing

The main inscription indicates that this technical drawing shows a threaded connection, in particular a bolted connection. It also contains the document code and product index. The scale of the drawing is made in full size, namely 1:1.

The main view is presented with a superimposed cross-section of the fastened parts. The connection is shown in two views. A bolt with a metric thread and a height of 120 mm and a 30 mm diameter is presented separately. The nut is also shown in the top view. But the dimensions of the washer according to this drawing are unclear.

Conclusion

Mechanical engineering drawings are complex documents and cannot always be read straight away, but they can convey large amounts of information about the products being sought. Sometimes even experienced engineers do not hesitate to look at textbooks or state standards in order to correctly convey or understand the meaning of a technical drawing and make the necessary designation for a given part.

Perimeter and area

Unlike all the quantities listed above, the word “perimeter” does not come from Latin or English, but from Greek. It is derived from “περιμετρέο” (“to measure the circumference”). And today this term has retained its meaning (the total length of the boundaries of the figure). Subsequently, the word entered the English language (“perimeter”) and was fixed in the SI system in the form of an abbreviation with the letter “P”.

Area is a quantity that shows the quantitative characteristics of a geometric figure that has two dimensions (length and width).

Unlike everything listed earlier, it is measured in square meters (as well as in submultiples and multiples thereof). As for the letter designation of the area, it differs in different areas.

For example, in mathematics this is the Latin letter “S”, familiar to everyone since childhood. Why this is so - no information.