Soldering, as a technology for creating permanent connections of metal products, has an ancient history. And today, despite the leading position of welding processes, soldering of steel, aluminum, copper, and many other metals and alloys continues to be successfully used in various branches of technology.
The process of soldering metal alloys of different compositions has its own characteristics. This is due to the different melting points and chemical composition of the alloys. Soldering does not apply to some grades of steel.
How to solder steel parts
Often there is a need to fasten steel parts without drilling and without welding. Soldering steel will help. But how to do it correctly, because there are special nuances here. A few recommendations from experts.
What kind of steel solders well?
Some grades of steel lend themselves well to soldering, while others are soldered with great difficulty and do not want to be combined with any solder or with any flux. As a rule, soft steels "for nails" are easy to solder. At the everyday level, this can also be explained by the fact that the material is dotted with microscopic craters and irregularities. But there are also electrical grades that are especially hard and elastic, and are used for shafts and precision mechanics. It depends on your luck here...
The question is that it is impossible for a home craftsman to determine the brand by eye. You can only find out how well a given part made of steel, or an alloy close to it, is soldered by experimentation.
How to make a tin connection - procedure
It all depends on how successfully the part can be tinned and how strong the contact of the tin solder with the steel is. In order for the contact to be satisfactory, if possible at all, the following must be done:
- steel stripping, chemical stripping under solder;
- heating the part to the melting temperature of the solder, keeping the solder on the part under flux for some time in a fluid state.
Cleaning the steel is first done mechanically, using sandpaper, to remove layers of rust and dirt. Then a composition that reacts well with iron oxides is used as a flux.
The most harmless to use, but effective in this case, is orthophosphoric acid, which can be easily purchased at a car store as a “rust cleaner.”
The required power of heating devices depends entirely on the mass of the parts.
The process of soldering two steel parts
If you need to solder two large nails, then the power of one soldering iron 100 W will not be enough. To heat up a large nail or a similar weight steel part clamped in a vice, you need to use a hair dryer. Or a gas burner.
You will also need cotton wool on a stick to supply flux to the heating zone, and a soldering iron of 50 W or more.
The sanded steel is heated with a burner.
As a rule, steel parts that can be soldered develop a very strong bond with tin, i.e. When the metal is coated, it is tinned.
The same is repeated with another detail. Then the two parts located together are heated, and additional solder is applied to the contact area with a soldering iron.
How strong is the soldering of steel, can it be made stronger?
The strength of such a connection will be determined by many factors:
- strength of bond between solder and metal,
But in any case, the strength of tin soldering cannot be compared with what is commonly understood as the strength characteristic of steel or “metal welding”.
You can strengthen it by using another solder - special strong and more refractory compounds containing silver, zinc, copper, etc.
Another direction for increasing strength is to cover with solder not only the plane, but also the sidewalls of the part - covering the part with solder. Then the pull-off resistance under multidirectional loads will be greater.
Extra strong soldering, special solders
To use compounds that provide a strong connection with steel, with its own melting point of about 800 - 900 degrees, you need to use a graphite crucible.
The work should only be carried out by specialists in metal smelting. It is necessary to know the basics of metal melting, the procedure for handling melts and safety precautions. In general, soldering of steel with heavy-duty solders is performed at specialized enterprises.
Possible solder composition:
- 55% zinc, 45% copper, some silicon to increase fluidity.
The composition is melted under a layer of coal in a graphite crucible. Steel parts to be soldered are heated with a gas burner. Phosphoric acid is used as a flux. The melt is fed to the parts. As a rule, tinning and soldering are carried out during one heating of both the parts and the solder. But such soldering of steel is more complex than simple welding...
But in everyday life, where you need to “patch”, “attach”, “join” two steel parts, you need to use solders with a low melting point, such as lead-tin.
Copper and aluminum connection
When connecting copper and aluminum wires by soldering, you can encounter many difficulties, which can only be overcome by using alternative connection methods.
The fact is that both aluminum and copper are covered with an oxide film in air. And if these films themselves do not affect the state of the conductor in any way and even provide fairly good conductivity, then when combined they contribute to the occurrence of a powerful chemical reaction. Under the influence of moisture contained in the air, at the point of contact between aluminum and copper oxides, the process of electrolysis begins, that is, an electric current is formed due to the fact that the ions of both materials have different electrical potentials.
Electric current is the movement of charged particles - ions, and during their movement, metals at the point of contact are destroyed. At the same time, aluminum is more destroyed. Destruction causes the contact to deteriorate, and subsequently the electrical resistance of the connection increases and it heats up. With severe corrosion, when direct contact between the two materials has already been lost, an electric arc occurs, which completes the destruction.
It is recommended to connect copper with aluminum only through a third, neutral material. Most often, steel terminal blocks or clamps are used for this.
Welding and soldering of metals are permanent connections. However, there is an important difference between these methods. When welding, metals are joined due to local heating of the part to a temperature where it begins to melt. The result is a connection of two parts into one whole. Soldering operation involves obtaining a strong connection between different parts or structures.
Metal welding diagram.
Soldering iron with tin solder
The soldering process is the chemical joining of two metals using solder. Moreover, the crystal structure of the metal does not change. That is, the connected parts remain with their technical characteristics.
The connection itself is quite reliable, but much will depend on the type of solder and soldering technology. In addition, it should be noted that not all metals can be joined by this process. Basic metals, especially steel (iron), can be soldered together.
The essence of the process
The essence of the soldering process is that metals are joined together using an alloy that has a melting point lower than the melting point of the substances being joined.
During soldering, materials are heated to the melting temperature of the solder. This ensures very strong adhesion (sticking) - the property of materials to adhere to each other at the molecular level.
However, the main parts do not melt and mix with the solder material, as happens when welding using filler material.
Three technologies
There are three technologies for soldering iron with tin:
- soldering iron To do this, you will have to use soft solders with a high lead content;
- blowtorch. This will require hard solders with a high tin content;
- electrical soldering of iron.
The first method is used if the iron will not be subjected to heavy loads during operation. The second is tinning of iron with tin, when tin solder is applied to the surface of a metal product and rubbed over its entire plane in a thin layer.
Constructive
This type of steel is characterized by the presence of chromium, used as an alloying additive. Thanks to chromium, steel acquires the necessary mechanical characteristics.
However, the presence of this alloying component significantly complicates the soldering process, since a fairly strong and difficult to destroy oxide film is formed on the surface of structural steels.
You can solder steel with the addition of chromium using an active flux containing acids. In addition, to obtain a high-quality result, special devices are used that create a protective atmosphere in the soldering area.
In addition, the steel surface prepared for soldering is coated with a layer of powder containing metal components. This protective layer prevents oxidation of the steel surface and burnout of alloying elements during heating.
Brazed joints on alloy steels are made using hard solders containing copper, silver or nickel.
Soldering sheet metal
Soldering tin (thin sheet iron) is a common process in the manufacture of metal containers. But often, even at home, it is necessary to fasten sheets of iron together, assembling sealed structures. Therefore, before soldering one sheet to another, you need to prepare everything you need.
For the process of soldering iron with tin, you will need solder with a small concentration of tin, for example, POS-40, flux, a soldering iron and an awl.
In the process of soldering iron, flux acts as a solvent and an oxidizing agent at the same time. That is, the metal is immediately wetted and protected from oxidative processes. Rosin and hydrochloric acid or zinc chloride and boric acid are used as fluxes.
As for the soldering iron, for high-quality tin soldering it is better to choose an electric tool with a power of more than 40 W. The old soldering tool, which is heated by the flame of a fire, is practically not used today, even at home.
How to solder at home: recommendations
Tools and materials for soldering.
At home, the most common soldering of radio equipment parts. The operation does not cause any difficulties and can be performed by almost anyone. The soldering can always be easily dismantled and is waterproof.
The negative side is low strength. No compatibility with other metals. Soldering does not tolerate cold and high temperatures.
To perform soldering work, you must have solder made of lightweight fusible metal.
Solder is made from a combination of lead and tin. Due to the specific material present, solders can have different melting points. It is this circumstance that determines the main scope of their work. The most commonly used solder is a solder whose melting point reaches 200 degrees.
At home, soldering work should be carried out very quickly.
The fact is that the flux, which ensures the fluidity of the solder, begins to quickly char. Sometimes additional cleaning is required. Until the solder has completely cooled and become solid, do not move the parts.
A high-quality level of soldering is recognized when the solder envelops the soldering area with the thinnest layer.
Sequencing
Here are the main stages of this process:
- cleaning of joined sheets;
- applying flux;
- heating up the soldering iron and tinning;
- soldering with tin;
- cleaning the joint with gasoline.
Cleaning is carried out mechanically with sandpaper. If the contamination is large, you will have to treat it with a solvent. If it is not possible to clean it using this method, then etching is carried out with sulfuric acid.
Two pieces of sheet iron are brought to each other at a distance of 0.3 mm. Their edges are treated with paste-like flux using a brush. The soldering iron tip is cleaned with sandpaper, and the tool itself is plugged into the electrical network through an outlet. To check whether it has heated up well, you need to place its tip in the ammonia mixture, which should boil.
Now the stage of tinning the iron is carried out. That is, using solder made of tin or its alloy, the edges of two sheets of tin are processed in order to cover them with a tin layer, which will perform protective functions against metal corrosion.
Everything is ready, all that remains is to solder the two ends of the sheets. The soldering iron tip is brought to the joint along with the tin solder, and they both move smoothly along the joint boundary.
In this case, the tip must be pressed not with a sharp end, but with a flat edge, due to which the parts being connected will warm up at the same time, which will affect the high quality of the iron soldering..
Application of flux
In order for the solder and the wire material to interact with each other, and the connection to be high-quality, the wires must be cleaned of the oxide film and only then soldered. For cleaning, you can use sandpaper, and for subsequent processing, use a special substance - flux.
Flux will not only clean copper wires, but will also create a thin protective film that prevents oxidation of the material.
It is allowed to use both solid flux - pine rosin, and liquid - various types of soldering acids or a homemade composition.
Sometimes, in order to correctly and firmly solder copper wires to each other or to any metal object, they use only liquid flux. You can prepare it by dissolving ordinary pine rosin in ethyl alcohol. Soldering acid is prepared independently by dissolving zinc granules in hydrochloric acid in the proportion of 412 grams of zinc per 1 liter of acid. But it’s better to buy ready-made flux that meets all quality standards, since bringing acidic compounds to copper wires is undesirable.
Features of working with galvanized products
Soldering galvanized tin in a purely technological process is no different from the previous one. But the technology has its own subtle nuances that affect the quality of the final result.
You cannot solder galvanized steel with solders that contain large amounts of antimony. This substance, when in contact with zinc coating, creates a weak seam.
It is better to use boric acid and zinc chloride as flux. If the products themselves have already been tinned with tin during the production process, then rosin can be used as a flux.
When a connection is made between galvanized iron (sheet) and wire, the latter must be bent at a right angle to increase the contact area of the two products.
The rest of the process is carried out exactly the same. By the way, it doesn’t matter whether the wire was made of galvanized or ordinary steel.
There are several more important points that must be taken into account in the process of soldering galvanized products. If solder rods based on tin and lead are used for soldering iron, then it is better to add flux based on zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. The ratio is 5:1 respectively.
Tin and cadmium based solder requires caustic soda as a flux additive.
If galvanized iron products, the protective layer of which contains more than 2% aluminum, are connected to each other, then solder based on tin and zinc is used. And hydrochloric acid and petroleum jelly (stearin) are used as flux.
Regardless of which parts or assemblies are connected by soldering, it is necessary, after the process is completed and the seam has cooled, to rinse the joint with water to remove any remaining flux.
Soldering of non-ferrous metals
Products made of non-ferrous metals require precise fitting. That is why they are often soldered rather than boiled. Let's study certain types of non-ferrous metals and their bonding using soldering.
Important:
Always secure both workpieces using a vice, clamps or other fasteners. Especially if you are working with large parts. Vibrations or shifts during soldering can warp the seam and the solder can drip. This will make the joint brittle and, over time, cracks or fistulas may form on it.
Soldering copper
Copper is a fairly common metal in everyday life. Water pipes, electrical cables, electronic components - they are all partially or completely made of copper.
There are mainly two methods for soldering copper:
- High temperature (working temperature about 600 ˚С);
- Low temperature (working temperature up to 450 ˚C).
In this article, we are considering soldering at home, so we will take low-temperature technology.
To solder copper you will need:
- Solder. It is mainly made from alloys of tin (95-97%) with copper, antimony, bismuth, silver, and selenium. Silver-containing solders have the best properties. Three-component types, which include tin, copper and silver, are also widely used. The use of tin-lead solders in production is limited due to the harmfulness of lead. At home, you should also protect your lungs from lead fumes. Use an active hood.
- Flux for soldering copper (activated, acidic, non-acidic, anti-corrosion).
- Gas-burner.
Information:
Large industries and factories often use solder paste. Most often it contains: flux, small particles of solder and special additives.
Let's look at the step-by-step technology for soldering two copper elements:
- Flux is applied to both parts. They cover the joint and the area where solder will be applied.
- Solder is placed at the joint. This can be tin wire or a special paste.
- The resulting compound is heated using a gas burner. Solder is distributed over the joint, as well as partially over the area near the solder.
- The resulting workpiece is left to cool. At this moment, you cannot twist or bend the resulting part. The joint must be completely cool before the solder can fully harden.
- Remaining flux is removed using an abrasive brush.
Important:
Do not point an open flame directly at the solder. It should melt and fill the seam due to heating of the edges of the parts.
Soldering aluminum
Aluminum is a rather capricious material. Many experts believe that it is simply impossible to fasten two aluminum blanks at home, since the place of fastening must be heated to a temperature of about 600 ° C, and this risks burning out the aluminum sheet itself.
But this statement is not entirely true. You can solder two aluminum elements if you use a special flux and solder. Let's take a closer look at all the components that will be needed to work with aluminum:
- Solder. The best solders for working with aluminum are those containing: silicon, aluminum, copper, silver and zinc. These include domestic solder “34A” or its foreign analogue “Aluminium-13”.
- Flux. It is better if it contains ammonium fluoroborate with the addition of triethonalamine. Some people use regular borax.
- Soldering iron with a power of at least 100 W.
Healthy:
Solders with a high zinc content have better anti-corrosion properties.
Step-by-step guide to soldering aluminum blanks:
- Clean both workpieces from dirt and dust.
- Remove the oxide film using sandpaper. This operation is performed in order to reduce the oxide layer that instantly forms on the surface of the aluminum.
- Flux is applied to the joint.
- Solder is applied evenly and gradually, without subjecting the surface of aluminum workpieces to constant heating.
- The resulting joint is cleaned using a wire brush or fine sandpaper.
Soldering sheet metal
Ordinary tin is fastened quite simply. Metal without impurities or coating most often produces an even seam and does not change under the influence of high temperatures. To solder sheet metal you will need:
- Solder. Solders based on tin and antimony are mainly used. These include POS-40 or POS-30. In some cases, POS-90 is used, which contains lead.
- Flux. Both hydrochloric acid and ordinary rosin will do. Fresh oxide film on tin can be removed very easily.
- Soldering iron with a power of at least 40 W.
Soldering technology:
- Clean the tin elements from dirt and dust.
- Apply rosin to the joint.
- Place solder on the joint and use a soldering iron to melt it.
- Clean the resulting area using fine sandpaper or a wire brush to ensure a smooth seam.
Soldering galvanized iron
Unlike ordinary tin, galvanized iron has a number of specific characteristics. Firstly, zinc on the surface of the sheet evaporates at a temperature of 960˚C. Therefore, it is not recommended to use powerful burners when working with galvanized sheets.
Secondly, not all solders are suitable for working with galvanized iron. For example, it is highly not recommended to use POS-90 solder, as it destroys the structure of the sheet.
Soldering components:
- Solder. It is best to choose POS-30.
- Flux - boric acid or zinc chloride.
- Soldering iron with a power of at least 40 W.
The technology for soldering two galvanized elements is similar to working with ordinary sheet metal. The main thing is to heat the joint evenly, avoiding overheating of individual areas.
Soldering stainless steel
Stainless steel is an alloy containing nickel and chromium, as well as titanium. Soldering stainless steel is slightly different from similar work with regular or galvanized iron. Depending on the quantitative content of a particular metal in the composition of stainless steel, it will have different physical characteristics.
Thus, a sheet with a high nickel content at a temperature of 500 - 700 ˚C can release carbide compounds. Such sheets are subjected to uniform and rapid heating to avoid destruction of the material structure.
Let's look at the necessary components :
- Solder. It is selected depending on the soldering conditions. In open areas or high humidity, preference is given to solders based on silver alloys with a low nickel content. In dry rooms or blast furnaces, chromium-nickel or silver-manganese solders are used. For the initial tinning of two parts, ordinary solder based on tin and lead is used.
- Flux is borax in the form of powder or paste.
- Powerful gas burner producing temperatures above 800˚C. A soldering iron with a power above 100 W is useful for primary tinning.
Step-by-step soldering technology :
- Thoroughly clean the junction of two stainless steel elements.
- Secure both sheets and apply soldering acid flux to the joint.
- Tin the joint area with a thin layer of tin-based solder. At this stage, use a regular soldering iron. Be careful not to let the solder roll off the sheet. If this cannot be avoided, preheat the sheets and repeat tinning.
- Repeat tinning with flux.
- Solder both sheets using solder depending on the soldering conditions. Use a gas torch for this step.
Important:
If the solder rolls off the sheet even after preheating, use a wire brush. It helps remove the oxide film that may remain on the tinned surface after applying flux.
Safety precautions
Soldering iron with tin is an unsafe process. Therefore, precautions must be strictly observed. Protective gloves are put on your hands, and a stand must be installed under the soldering iron so that the heated tip does not touch the table and available materials. And the procedure itself must be carried out carefully.
Despite the apparent simplicity of the soldering operation, it is actually a serious procedure. And you need to treat it with great attention. Something was missed, they were even applied incorrectly, and we can assume that the quality of the joint has dropped sharply. Therefore, it is important to approach each stage responsibly, especially when it comes to cleaning two joined iron products.
How to solder metal correctly
Many people can solder wires and radio components, but not everyone can solder metal. In this article I will outline the principle of metal soldering as briefly as possible and with examples.
Introduction
Let's start with a general understanding of soldering. Soldering is a physical and chemical process of obtaining a connection as a result of the interaction of solder and the metal being soldered. It is similar to fusion welding, but there are still differences between them. When welding at the seam, the parts being welded melt, but when soldering, the material being soldered does not melt. Also, unlike welding, soldering is carried out at temperatures below the melting point of the metal being soldered. The formation of a seam during soldering occurs by filling the gap between the parts being connected with solder, i.e. the process occurs due to wetting and capillary effect.
Which metals are most strongly soldered to each other?
Unlike welding, in soldering the main indicator of the quality of the finished product is not the grade of steel or metal, but the choice of solder, as well as the technology for forming the solder seam itself. So the question here is rather about which metal, which solder sticks best to which metal. Of course, the closer in composition and density the solder and metal are, the better the adhesion will be. In the end, it all comes down to choosing the right solder for each individual case.
You also need to ensure that when connecting two metals, no electric couples are formed. Otherwise, the connection will rust and collapse from the slightest moisture. So a compatibility table for connecting non-ferrous metals with each other would be appropriate here.
The letter “A” in the compatibility table means “limitedly permissible in atmospheric conditions.”
Here are some more simple tips :
- Choose solders that are more refractory.
- Carefully clean the joints of fastened parts. Apply sandpaper not only to the seam itself, but also 0.5 - 2 cm near the joint on the metal surface.
- Tin and overlap seal. Thus, you increase the total area of fastening two or more parts.
Safety precautions when soldering steel at home
Often, neglect of basic rules for working with electrical or flammable appliances leads to loss of health or damage to property.
I strongly recommend following safety precautions when soldering:
- Keep the soldering iron on a metal pad or a special holder that takes the heated tip of the tool away from the plane of the table.
- Turn off the soldering iron from the mains immediately after finishing work.
- Check the quality of the connection of the gas cylinder to the burner itself. Avoid gas leaks.
- Work in a well-ventilated area.
- Do not leave the burner on if you have already finished working.
- Remove any flammable substances from the work area.
- Do not touch the heated seam with your bare hands. You may get burned.
- Do not touch the solder with your fingers to check the strength of the seam.
By following these measures, you can avoid injuries and also keep your property intact. Solder with pleasure and knowledge!
Solder selection
The correct solder for soldering stainless steel is the key to the quality of the connection. The following factors influence the choice of suitable material:
- metal composition;
- working conditions.
Under standard conditions, soldering is performed with silver solder - it has excellent anti-corrosion properties, and the nickel in its composition increases the strength of the connection. Visually, the connection will not differ from the main surface. Craftsmen consider silver compounds to be the best material for soldering stainless steel. However, it is prohibited to use silver without additives. To improve the quality of the connection, copper or zinc is added to it.
Existing soldering methods
Soldering technology is classified according to several indicators:
- temperature;
- pressure;
- solder.
The temperature indicator depends on the heating of the metal. In this case, soldering occurs:
- high temperature;
- low temperature
The temperature indicator separates these two methods. The separation boundary is considered to be 450 degrees.
There is also a definition of soldering depending on the applied pressure:
- metal soldering using a fixed gap;
- press soldering.
Features of tin soldering
Solders based on tin-lead mixtures are distinguished by high quality connections at an affordable price . This is the main reason for the popularity of soldering stainless steel with tin at home. The method has proven itself best when sealing small cracks or connecting small parts. Products subject to temperature loads during operation are recommended to be soldered using silver compounds. An example is distillation tubes, which are operated at high temperatures under pressure.
The use of tin as a filler material when soldering stainless steel is not widespread in industry due to the low temperature threshold of the connection.
Advantages
The use of low-melting solders has the following advantages:
- easy procedure for soldering small parts;
- preparatory procedures do not take much time;
- low cost of consumables;
- You can use either a household electric soldering iron or a gas burner.
Flaws
The method has the following disadvantages:
- low connection strength;
- the low melting point of tin reduces the scope of application of sealed parts;
- competent use of molten tin requires certain professional skills from the master.
Modes
Tin-lead solders are used with the following parameters:
- the maximum burner temperature is 240 Cº;
- minimum power of the soldering device – 40 W;
- surface exposure interval – no more than 10 seconds;
- The thickness of the solder, regardless of the form of manufacture, should not exceed 4 mm.
Sequence of operations
The process of soldering steel parts begins with thoroughly cleaning the workpieces from dirt, rust and traces of oil. To do this, use sandpaper, a file, or a steel brush. Rusty parts can be treated with a rust converter based on phosphoric acid. Fatty stains are removed with a solvent or alkaline solution.
After cleaning and degreasing, a layer of flux is applied to the surface of the parts. If tin is used as solder, the parts are pre-tinned. Tinning is the uniform wetting of a surface with molten tin.
After this, the parts are assembled and securely fixed in the position in which they should be after connection.
Next, the parts are heated in a suitable manner. Heating is carried out to a temperature slightly higher than the melting point of the solder used, which must be placed in the joint area.
When melted, it flows into the gap between the parts, forming a connection. After the solder has cooled and crystallized, the seam is cleaned and traces of flux are removed.
How to work at home correctly?
Soldering stainless steel is considered a rather complex process, so work at home should be approached with special attention. Most solders, with the exception of tin, require a soldering iron of at least 100 watts .
Do not forget about preparing the surface for soldering. This procedure begins with mechanical processing of the plane and ending with its tinning.
The use of active fluxes requires special attention - after completion of work, it is necessary to rinse the connection with running water.
Connection with other metals
When soldering dissimilar compositions, for example, soldering stainless steel with copper or bronze, it is necessary to carefully study the properties of the metals being joined . The main problem is the selection of temperature parameters, since the workpieces have different melting conditions.
Regardless of the type of metal, the contact area must be thoroughly cleaned.
As a working tool, you can use a soldering iron or a torch.
If silver solder is not available, brass-based compounds can be used. This will reduce the quality characteristics of the connection, but will allow you to save on consumables, since brass is cheaper than silver.
Tips for proper and strong soldering of metals
When working with steel or other metals, you must adhere to basic safety rules and also know some of the nuances of soldering.
How to heat and cool metal
An important step before starting work is preparing the workpieces. And here you need to know for sure which alloy you will solder or check it yourself:
- See how a metal workpiece reacts to heating with a soldering iron or torch. How quickly an oxide film forms on the surface. It’s better to know this in advance and for sure, otherwise subsequent work will be done in a hurry.
- It is best to warm up the prepared and secured parts gradually. Make sure that no overheated spots appear on the metal. The soldering area must be heated evenly over the entire area.
- Do not heat only the butt seam; also work on the area near the joint. Most often, you need to warm up 0.5 - 2 cm, depending on the purpose of soldering and the dimensions of the elements being connected.
- Use only soldering irons or torches that produce solder at operating melting temperature.
- Do not cool the finished seam with cold water or other liquids. Let the metal “rest” and cool evenly for several minutes in the open air.
- Remove soldered workpieces from a vice or clamps only after the solder has completely cooled.
Basic mistakes
The slightest mistake can lead to a significant decrease in the quality of the connection. The following tips will reduce the likelihood of errors:
- When doing homework, the optimal soldering iron power is 100 W. Using a more powerful device will lead to overheating of consumables, and a less powerful one will lead to incomplete heating of the metal.
- Use a soldering iron with a non-burnt tip.
- It is better to solder food utensils with pure tin, since lead has toxic properties.
- Experienced craftsmen recommend using active compounds as flux. Orthophosphoric acid has proven itself best.
Why you can’t solder copper parts with steel solder - studvesna73.ru
No. 1061. When soldering steel parts, copper solder is used, but when soldering copper parts, steel solder is not used, since the melting point of copper is 1083°C, steel is 1400°C.
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