Specific gravity of stainless steel sheet. Density of stainless steel - domestic grades and AISI standard

Stainless steel is an alloy steel that is resistant to corrosion in harsh environments and atmospheres. This type of steel is divided into three groups: corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. These groups are specifically divided to solve specific problems.

Thus, corrosion-resistant steels are used where high corrosion resistance of materials is required, both in domestic conditions and in industrial work. Heat-resistant steels are used in situations where good resistance of the material to corrosion under high temperatures is required, for example, in chemical plants. Heat-resistant steels - where high mechanical strength at high temperatures is required.

When working with stainless steel, it is extremely important to know the quality indicator. A characteristic such as the specific gravity of stainless steel will help you determine this parameter.

Density of stainless steel

Stainless steel is the same alloy of iron and carbon, but with the addition of alloying elements.
Depending on what was added there, the characteristics of the metal change, including density. Generally speaking, the density of stainless steel ranges from 7701-7900 kg/m³, more detailed information is presented in the tables below.

How is density calculated?

To do this, just multiply the width by the height and the thickness. Multiply the resulting number by 7.85 (theoretical, specific gravity)

It has high corrosion resistance and is heat resistant. Widely used in industry. Heats up perfectly: at a temperature of 1030 - 1100 oC (cool in water). Forging can be done at 1200°C. Has endurance limit σ-1=279 MPa, n=107

The density of stainless steel 12Х18Н10Т is 7900 or, to put it another way: 7.9 · 10³ kg/m³.

It “cooks” well, has high ductility and resistance to corrosion. It is used to make sinks and other catering equipment. Due to its heat resistance, it is often used in construction and to create various tanks. Resistance to acids.

Video describing the stages of production.

Source

Types of stainless steel sheets

Alloy steel sheets are divided into hot-rolled and cold-rolled. Both types of rental are classified according to:

• rolling accuracy (A and B);
• type of edge: trimmed and unedged (O, BUT);
• sheet flatness group (PO, PV, PU, ​​PN).

Hot-rolled stainless steel has a wide size range and affordable cost, which explains the scale of demand in various fields: mechanical engineering, construction, production of equipment for the food, chemical, oil refining, pharmaceutical industries, etc. According to the quality of surface treatment, hot-rolled steel is produced:

• without additional heat treatment (5d);
• bright annealed/heat treated, etched (M2b, M3b, M4b, M5b).

Cold-rolled sheets made from stainless steel grades are produced in a small thickness (the maximum thickness of a cold-rolled sheet is 5 mm, when a hot-rolled sheet is ten times larger - 50 mm). Thanks to additional processing, cold-rolled steel has improved surface quality and additional strength (as a result of reduced deformation stresses). According to the type of surface treatment, cold-rolled steel is:

• hard-worked (H1);
• semi-hardened (PN1);
• etched or treated with light annealing (M2b, M3b, M4b, M5b).

Mechanical properties of steel 12Х18Н10Т

Normalized mechanical properties of steels at 20 °C

Note. In case of differences in properties, the properties of steel 12Х18Н9Т are indicated in parentheses.

Mechanical properties of steel 12Х18Н9Т at low and elevated temperatures (rod Ø18-25 mm, quenching at 1050 °C in water)

Mechanical properties of steel 12Х18Н9Т at high temperatures

Note. The numerator is the content of 6-ferrite in the structure after heat treatment

Mechanical properties of steel 12Х18Н10Т depending on the degree of cold deformation (sheet, initial heat treatment: quenching at 1050 °C in water)

Note. The numerator is the test temperature -20 °C; the denominator is -253 °C.

Sheet material

It should also be taken into account that stainless steel includes a large group of grades of this metal. The most common brands are: 12x18N10T, 08x18N10, and also 12x18N12T. Foreign analogues are also popular, including Aisi 321, Aisi 304 and Aisi 430. All these brands are characterized by a high degree of corrosion resistance, ease of processing, and high strength.

The material can be thin-sheet or thick-sheet depending on the type of rolled product. Thin-sheet products are those having a thickness of 0.5-5 mm. For thick sheets, this number is 5-50 mm.

The most common sheet sizes are 1000x2000 mm, 1250x2500 mm, 1500x3000 mm. The weight of a stainless steel sheet is somewhat easier to calculate than the weight of a pipe.

To calculate the weight of a stainless steel sheet, you need to multiply the height, thickness and width. In general, the required amount of material can be calculated by multiplying the mass of one sheet by the required number of sheets.

For example, the weight of stainless steel 12x18n10t for a sheet measuring 0.5x1000x2000 mm will be about 8 kg. A sheet of the same size, but with a thickness of 1 mm, will already weigh 16 kg.

To determine the mass of sheets, you can use special theoretical tables or a calculator.

Railings and fences

Due to its properties and attractive appearance, stainless steel is often used to create stair railings and fences. Often, products made from this metal are used by designers and architects as decorative elements. It is necessary to know the weight of structures when transporting products in order to calculate the expected load on the base of the railing. Knowing the above formulas, the calculation process is greatly simplified.

For example, the average weight of fences or stair railings will be approximately 5-6 kg. If the presence of glass sheet is assumed in the design of the fences, the weight will exceed 20 kg. When planning the transportation of parts, you should consider not only how much they will weigh, but also the length of the products. In the photo you can see examples of the use of this metal.

Nowadays, pipes are sold not by the meter, but by the ton. But how do you still calculate the required number of pipes with the required diameter? We will tell you about this in this article, which, after reading to the end, everything will immediately become clear.

Pipe sizes are indicated in GOST

• Specific density of certain grades of steel billets;
• Product diameters;
• Wall thickness;
• Linear meters.

Welding steel 12Х18Н10Т

Steels 12Х18Н10Т and 12Х18Н9Т can be welded well by all types of manual and automatic welding. For conventional automatic submerged arc welding AN-26, AN-18 and argon arc welding, wire Sv-08Kh19N10B, Sv-04Kh22N10BT, Sv-05Kh20N9FBS and Sv-06Kh21N7BT are used, and for manual - electrodes type EA-1F2 brands GL-2, TsL- 2B2, EA-606/11 with wire Sv-05Х19Н9ФЗС2, Sv-08Х19Н9Ф2С2 and Sv-05Х19Н9ФЗС2. Wire Sv-08Х20Н9С2БТУ is recommended for manual automatic welding in shielding gas. For manual electric arc welding, electrodes TsL-11 and TsL-9 with electrode rod material Sv-07X19N10B and Sv-07X25N13, respectively, can also be used. Both types of electrode ensure resistance of the weld metal against intergranular corrosion when tested according to the AM and AMU methods of GOST 6032-89 without provoking heating. Welded joints obtained using TsL-11 and TsL-9 electrodes have the following mechanical properties (at least): σв = 550 and 600 N/mm 2, δ = 22 and 25%, KCU = 80 and 70 J/cm 2. The use of these welding materials provides high corrosion resistance to general and intergranular corrosion in 65% nitric acid at 70-80 °C. However, welded joints of steels 12Х18Н10Т and 12Х18Н9Т may exhibit a tendency to knife corrosion in this environment.

Source

Specific Gravity: Weight Conversion Chart

To make everything clear to you, here is an example of a table with popular brands of stainless steel products with characteristics.

Advice: to ensure that the specific gravity is accurate, seek help from specialists who will quickly resolve all issues for you.

Electric-welded profile pipes GOST 11068-81

1. They supply liquids, gases, heating, for construction work.
2. In oil and gas production, for chemical production pumps. For such, according to GOST 10704 91.
3. In industries where resistance to pressure drops and high temperatures is required. Galvanized oval pipes with a wide density and a small diameter are also used.
4. In the field of geological exploration at oil well sites.
5. Construction of cars, machines, in the manufacture of equipment for construction and repair. Products with thin walls and a length of no more than .
6. For mechanical engineering.

GOST 11068 81 is not only the above parameters and characteristics; to calculate the density of steel and the weight of a stainless pipe, find a complete list of standard and non-standard products in books or on websites.

As for the length, they can be unmeasured, but not higher than in the provided GOST table, the permissible deviation is 1.5 cm. If the customer negotiates with the manufacturers, it is envisaged that the length of the manufactured pipe will be exceeded in dimensions larger than indicated.

The end of each product is cut at a right angle and cleaned of chips; small chamfers may be present. Upon agreement between the consumer and the customer, special chamfers are applied to the ends of the pipes, allowing several products to be welded together.

Each hot-formed pipe is manufactured in accordance with GOSTs and standards; all requirements specified in the technical regulations are met and approved in accordance with the established procedure. For production purposes, it takes only those steel grades that are indicated in the table; it does not use metals with chemical additives.

The outer and outer surface of the seamless hot-deformed product undergoes a temperature test, withstands more than 350 C, and only after that it is sent for sale. If the surface shows signs of stains, decay, cracks or torn areas with defects, it is recycled and all damage is removed. The diameters and wall thickness of the pipes must comply with GOST 11068 81.

Specific gravity of stainless steel 12x18n10t GOST

The main physical characteristics of stainless steel, which are taken into account when designing stainless steel products and structures, are the mass of the unit of measurement (linear meter) and density.

The main physical characteristics of stainless steel, which are taken into account when designing stainless steel products and structures, are the mass of the unit of measurement (linear meter) and density . This article will help you understand this issue, and the tables below will help you make the necessary calculations.

Food grade stainless steel

Stainless steel markings

Stainless steels are currently considered an almost indispensable material for creating food processing equipment. The grades of stainless steel approved for contact with food products were determined mainly based on the experience of wine production, which is carried out using the most corrosive processes and technologies. As a result, it turned out that when choosing a brand of food-grade stainless steel, one should take into account the duration of its contact with the food product. The longer the contact, the higher the corrosion resistance required.

Currently, stainless steel grades AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 430, AISI316, AISI 316L, AISI 316Ti, AISI 321 are widely used for the food industry. All of them are alloyed stainless steels. If you need food grade stainless steel, the brand can be any from this list, but you should know that AISI 304, AISI 430, AISI 316 do not contain stabilizing titanium. This reduces their corrosion resistance and makes them sensitive to mechanical, thermal and chemical influences. They can be used for short contact with food products under gentle operating conditions.

Features of stainless steel for the food industry

Food manufacturers most actively use stainless steel pipes. They must meet the requirements of the DIN 11850 standard, which determines the composition of the steel and the quality of the weld. Stainless steel pipes fully meet the increased requirements for hygiene and environmental friendliness of materials used in the production of equipment for the food industry and public catering. They are made from AISI 304 and AISI 316L steels, which exhibit the following properties:

• high corrosion resistance along the entire length of the pipe and in areas of welded joints;
• resistance to chemically aggressive environments;
• wear resistance;
• environmental safety and non-toxicity;
• compliance with migration (dissolution) standards of heavy metals in the working environment;
• maintaining smoothness parameters throughout the entire service life, which facilitates cleaning and maintenance of the equipment.

In food production, hot solutions of sulfamic acid or caustic soda are often used to clean equipment. In these conditions, it is better to choose AISI 316 stainless steel, which is more resistant to aggressive environments. For domestic conditions and public catering, where the metal does not interact with such solutions, you can use AISI 304 and cheaper AISI 430, AISI 410.

Below, for clarity, the types of stainless steels according to AISI used in food production, their compliance with other standards, including Russian, as well as the permissible applicability of stainless steel in various environments are presented.

Table 1. 1.

Translations of international standards for the designation of basic steels used in food production.

Table 1. 2.

(continued) Translations of international standards for the designation of basic steels used in food production

Table 2.

Applicability of stainless steels according to AISI. Corrosion resistance of steels according to AISI in various applications

Price

If you need food-grade stainless steel, the price for it will be determined by the presence of expensive alloying components in the composition

The quality of surface treatment of the selected products is also important. Equipment for the food industry places higher demands on stainless steel, which is used in more aggressive conditions, and in case of corrosion can harm huge volumes of products

Cheap food grade stainless steel can be used in everyday life and public catering.

How to identify food grade stainless steel?

To determine the composition of food-grade stainless steel and its suitability for corrosion resistance parameters, you can use a guide to stainless steel grades. If you have a sample of stainless steel of an unknown brand, its suitability can be checked by placing it in a two percent vinegar solution or in a working environment for two to three days. Steel can be used if the sample does not darken.

The common belief that food grade stainless steel can be determined using a magnet is erroneous. Among the grades of food grade stainless steel, there are both magnetizable and non-magnetizable steels. To make your choice, do not hesitate to consult with a specialist from the company where you are going to purchase stainless steel. The better you understand the food production processes for which you need stainless steel, the better your chances of making the right choice.

Calculation of the weight of stainless steel

Formulas that we know from a school physics course will help you calculate the weight of stainless steel of any steel grade (aisi, or GOST). To make the calculation, you need to know the geometric dimensions and density of the steel grade from which this product is made. By multiplying the cross-sectional area by the length of the product and the density of the steel, we get the weight of the stainless steel.

Below are the simplest formulas for calculating the mass of stainless steel: circle, round pipe, sheet. To calculate the mass of more complex shapes (hexagon, angle, stainless profile pipe or I-beam), you can use a metallurgical calculator or special tables.

• Calculation of the mass of a stainless steel circle (rod):
• Calculation of the weight of a linear meter of stainless pipe:
• Sheet metal weight calculation:

π - 3.14 (constant value), ρ - density of metal or alloy, in g/cm3, d - outer diameter in mm, t - wall thickness in mm, h - width in mm, l - length in mm, * Final The mass value is obtained in grams. To convert to kilograms, the result must be divided by 1000. * The calculation of the weight of the stainless pipe and circle is made for 1 meter, in order to obtain the total weight of the meter you need, you need to multiply the result by l.

Calculate the mass of the pipe

• length;
• diameter;
• thickness;
• specific gravity.

Using the tables, you can select the required ratio of pipe length and diameter. You can calculate the mass of a product by multiplying its volume by its density. Accordingly, to calculate the volume, you need to multiply the value equal to the wall thickness by the surface area. In this case, the area is determined as the product of pi, the length of the pipe and its diameter.

For example, if you need to determine how much a 12x18n10t steel pipe weighs, the length of which is 10 m, the diameter is 10 cm, and the wall thickness is 1 mm, the calculation procedure will be as follows:

• the specific density value of 7900 is multiplied by the diameter: 7900*0.1=790;
• multiply by the length and thickness of the wall: 790*10*0.001=7.9;
• multiply by a constant value of “pi”: 7.9 * 3.14 = 24.81 (kg).

However, these calculations may not be very accurate. This is determined by the round surface of the pipe.

You can also use another formula; it is a more simplified version and is used to calculate the linear meter of the product.

To determine the mass, you need to subtract the wall thickness from the value that determines the diameter of the product. The resulting value is multiplied by the wall thickness and the value 0.025. In general, the formula looks like this:

1 p.m.= (D-T)*T*0.025

Then a linear meter of the same pipe will weigh 2.475 kg. Although the difference in the numbers obtained is negligible, you should purchase slightly more material than calculated to account for cutting and processing costs.

Density table

Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. Due to their chemical composition (low or high content of carbon and alloying elements), different grades of stainless steel have different densities. The density of stainless steel must be taken into account when calculating the mass of stainless steel that will be used for your purposes.

Density table for some grades of stainless steel according to GOST

Table of density of some grades of stainless steel according to AISI standard

Weight of stainless steel sheets

The weight of a sheet of any size made of stainless steel of a certain grade is calculated by the formula:

M = ρ×a×l×h, where:

• M—required weight, kg;
• ρ—specific gravity of stainless steel, g/cm³, tabular value;
• a is the width of the sheet in meters (m);
• l is the length of the sheet in meters (m);
• h is the sheet thickness in millimeters (mm).

For example, a hot-rolled thick-sheet sheet made of steel grade 08Х18Н10Т (ρ = 7.90 g/cm³), 1420 mm wide, 6000 mm long and 4 mm thick will weigh:

M = ρ×a×l×h = 7.90×1.42×6×4 = 269.232 kg

Reference values ​​for specific gravity for some alloy steel grades

The use of stainless steel is very common today in many industries. Among them are the construction of buildings, both industrial and residential. Automotive, aircraft and shipbuilding also cannot do without the use of this metal. The price of steel sheets and pipes on sale is always indicated per kilogram.

When carrying out construction work, it is necessary to calculate the weight not only in order to purchase the required amount of material, but also to determine what the load on the support will be.

The specific gravity of stainless steel is the main characteristic of the metal, allowing the necessary calculations to be made. Knowing this parameter, you can use special calculators and programs to determine the mass of the material. The specific density of steel ranges from 7700 to 7900 kg/m3.

Tables of weights of various types of stainless steel

We offer you tables for calculating the weight of various types of stainless steel products. These tables are presented for preliminary calculations and do not cover the entire range of stainless steel. To more accurately calculate the weight of the stainless steel you need to buy, we suggest you download a rolled metal calculator.

Table for calculating the weight of a circle (round rod) made of stainless steel.

Stainless steel angle weight calculation table

Stainless steel sheet weight calculation table*

*For ordinary matte mirror stainless steel sheet. The weight of a corrugated or perforated stainless steel sheet is calculated using the above formulas depending on its size and density.

Stainless round pipe weight calculation table

Thickness of rolled sheets made of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel grades

Rolled stainless steel sheets come in thin and thick sheets.

Rolled thin sheets

made from alloy steel grades in accordance with technical specifications according to GOCT 5582-75. Standard range of sheet steel thicknesses:

• hot rolled from 1.5 to 3.9 mm in increments of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 mm;
• cold rolled from 0.5 to 3.9 mm in increments of 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 mm.

Thick stainless steel sheets

manufactured according to technical specifications according to GOCT - 7350-77. Standard range of thicknesses of thick alloy steel:

• hot rolled from 4 to 50 mm in increments of 0.5; 1; 2; 3 mm;
• cold rolled from 4 to 5 mm in increments of 0.2 and 0.3 mm.

Coefficients for welding installation of stainless steel equipment

Please provide clarification on the possibility of applying the coefficient of 1.15 according to paragraphs. 4.3.2 MDS 81-37.2004 and 4.9 MDS 81-35.2004 “For equipment made of stainless steel, when welding takes place during its installation” to the prices of FERm 13-05-020-1 “Oil pipelines of turbines and generators” (from steel 08Х18Н10Т).

The Design Institute considers the use of this coefficient in local estimates for the installation of turbine oil pipelines to be unjustified, since:

• the oil pipelines of the Leningrad NPP-2 and the Belarusian NPP under construction have, in accordance with the design data, the following composition of pipeline materials: of the total volume of pipes in the drawings for oil pipelines, 85% are made of stainless steel pipes, 15% are made of carbon steel;
• Section 3 of Book No. 13 was developed specifically for assessing the installation of oil pipelines of nuclear power plants;
• the price is comprehensive and averaged by diameter and materials of oil pipelines.

For our part, we justify the legality of using this coefficient in clause 4.3.2 of MDS 81-37.2004, by the resource part of the FERm 13-05-020-1 price, table. Sections 1 and 3 No. 2 PNAE G-7-009-89, technological features of oil pipelines of nuclear power plants with the VVR-1200 and VVR-1000 reactors, as well as pp. 5.4.1. PTM-lc-93 and 7.4.1 RTM-1s.

The name of the price and the Technical Part for the relevant sections do not indicate the material from which the oil lines are made. According to clause 4.3.2. MDS 81-37.2004 “In cases where the characteristics of the equipment do not indicate the material from which it is made, it is accepted in the FERM Collections that the equipment is made of carbon steel or gray cast iron.”

Validity of reference to paragraph. 1 clause 4.3.2. MDS 81-37.2004 is confirmed by the resource composition of the price. The main installation operation by which structures (oil pipelines) are fixed in the design position is welding.

The resource part of the price includes the following welding materials:

Welding materials for FERm prices 13-05-020-1

According to the regulations of PNAE G-7-009-89 “Equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants. Welding and surfacing" (section 2 "Welding materials", table 1), specified welding

materials are used for welding pearlitic class materials and are not used for welding austenitic class steels (Table 3. PNAE G-7-009-89).

Additionally, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that stainless steel oil pipelines were used for the first time in the AES-2006 project with the VVR-1200 reactor. Similar structures for nuclear power plants of earlier designs were made of carbon steel. As an example, we can cite the oil pipelines TA 13.14 of power unit No. 5 of the Novovoronezh NPP, which are manufactured in accordance with OST 34-42-660-84 and 34-10.766 (see paragraph 6 General instructions), as well as the specifications of the insulating and turbine oil pipeline blocks power unit No. 5 of NV NPP.

Also, the service life of these pipelines at LNPP and NV NPP under construction is 50 years (Table 2 - technical characteristics), while at power unit No. 5 of NV NPP it is 30 years (see paragraph 12 General instructions). Consequently, at the time of development of the prices of the Collection of FERm 13, the vast majority of oil pipelines of nuclear power plants were made of carbon steel (price FERm 13-05-020-1).

In addition, pipelines of thermal power plants with similar design features, in accordance with clause 5.4.1. RD 34.1507-93 (RTM-1s-93) and clause 7.4.1. RD 153-034.1-003-1 (R, made of carbon steel. At the same time, labor costs at a similar price are approximately the same (TERM 12-17-002-1 - 430 man hours / ton; FERm 13-05-020-1 - 382 man hour/ton).

Based on the above facts, we believe that the price of FERm 13-05-020-1 reflects the technology for installing oil pipelines made of carbon steel. In the case when, according to the project, it is necessary to install stainless steel structures, a coefficient of 1.15 must be applied to the price of FERm 13-05-020-1 in accordance with paragraphs. 4.3.2 MDS 81-37.2004 and 4.9 MDS 81-35.2004 for the tonnage of structures made of stainless steel.

Answer

When applying the standards of the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, it is necessary to be guided by the provisions of the “Instructions for the application of federal unit prices for the installation of equipment (FERm-2001)” MDS 81-37.2004.

The instructions are included in the Federal Register of standards to be applied when determining the estimated cost of capital construction projects, the construction of which is financed with the assistance of the federal budget, and therefore are a currently valid document.

According to paragraph 4.3.2 of the Guidelines:

«In cases where the technical characteristics of the equipment do not indicate the material from which it is made, it is accepted in FERM collections that the equipment is made of carbon steel or gray cast iron. For equipment made from other materials, coated with special anti-corrosion protection, or with applied thermal insulation, costs should be determined in accordance with the instructions contained in the relevant FERM collections

».

In the quotation FERm 13-05-020-1 “Oil pipelines of turbines and generators” of the Collection for installation of equipment No. 13 “Equipment of nuclear power plants” the technical characteristics of the oil pipeline are not given, i.e. The material is not specified, which means that the oil line is made of carbon steel. Therefore, in your case, when installing oil pipelines for turbines and generators made of stainless steel, as evidenced by the steel grade 08Х18Н10Т, a coefficient of 1.15 should be applied to the labor cost standards and wages of installation workers provided for as part of the unit price.

We confirm the opinion of the contractor on the application of the coefficient for stainless steel to the price of FERm 13-05-020-1 “Oil pipelines of turbines and generators”. Design institute decision

the non-application of the coefficient K = 1.15 to the standards of labor costs and remuneration of assembly workers for the installation of a stainless steel oil pipeline is erroneous.

smetnoedelo.ru

Mechanical

For austenitic stainless steel AISI 304, the technical specifications look like this:

· ductility – relative elongation 40%;

· strength – tensile strength 515 MPa, fatigue resistance 240 N/mm2;

· viscosity – yield strength 205 MPa;

· hardness – 170 Brinell units;

· elasticity grade AISI 304 – elastic modulus 193 GPa.

The steel is soft enough, an 8 mm rod 30 cm long can be bent by hand. When turning, chips are removed easily, with low labor and energy consumption. The thread profile is smooth, without burrs or torn edges. However, AISI 304 threaded connections are most often disposable - with a high tightening force, the thread profile is deformed.

Chemical composition in % of AISI 304 steel

SS304 stainless steel is alloyed with nickel, manganese, copper and chromium, which provides it with an austenitic structure, increased strength and resistance in corrosive environments. Short designation AISI 304 – 18 Cr-8 Ni

.

Error message

When drawing up estimate documentation for the reconstruction of the copper electrolysis workshop, some amendments were used, which are given in MDS 81-36.2004, but are not included in the Directions for the Application of TER-2001.
However, the inspection inspector from the regional Federal Tax Service issued instructions to exclude all used amendments from MDS 81-36.2004. But how can one determine those very costs, i.e. the costs of reconstructing an object, if the reconstruction project provides for the installation of some metal structures made of stainless steel, etc.? To determine the estimated cost of installing stainless steel metal structures, K = 1.15 was applied to the costs and wages of workers in the prices used from part No. 9 “Building metal structures.” In addition, the instructions for the use of TER-2001 do not have a table in their arsenal that contains amendments to take into account the conditions of work, but MDS 81-36.2004 does, and we use it when drawing up estimates. So who is right: us, the estimators, or the inspection inspector? This man did not provide any clear arguments or justification for his comments! It is completely unclear on what basis tax officials interfere with estimated pricing rules and write comments on this topic. Yes, you are right when you use the missing information from the “Guidelines for the application of federal unit prices for construction and special construction work (FER-2001)” MDS 81-36.2004, which were adopted and put into effect on October 9, 2003 by the resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated October 9, 2003 No. 180 (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). In clause 5.4. MDS 81-36.2004 states: “On the basis of these federal Instructions, territorial (regional) instructions for the use of TEP are developed and approved in the prescribed manner in the regions.” In addition, in paragraph 5.5 the following is noted: “In cases where in any region (industry) instructions for the use of TER (OEP) were introduced before the release of these Instructions, the provisions contained in them (including the size of the coefficients taking into account complicating factors during the performance of work) and contradicting these Instructions must be corrected.” True, it would be useful to note that in paragraph 1.10 it is given: “For work, the production technology of which includes welding of metal structures, rolled metal, steel pipes, sheet metal, embedded parts and other metal products, elemental estimate standards and unit prices are developed based on the conditions for the use of carbon become. When applying stainless steel to the standards of labor costs and wages provided for in unit prices, a coefficient of 1.15 should be applied.” Based on all of the above, you acted absolutely correctly and, within the framework of estimated pricing, acted correctly, determining the amount of funds necessary to carry out work on the site.

Source

Density of carbon steels

The density of carbon steel at room temperature ranges from 7.83 to 7.87 g/cm 3 . The table shows the density values ​​of the following carbon steels: steel 08KP, steel 08, steel 20, steel 40, steel U8, steel U12.

The density values ​​in the table are indicated depending on the temperature - in the range from 0 to 1100°C. When steel is heated, it becomes less dense. For example, the density of steel 20 is 7859 kg/m 3 at a temperature of 15°C, and when heated to a temperature of 1100°C, the density of this steel decreases to 7496 kg/m 3 .

Note: The density of carbon steels in the table is expressed in units of kg/m3.