Review of 12 types of best drilling machines: how to choose which one to buy

How does a drilling machine work?

To quickly and easily drill precise holes of the required diameter in wood, metal or other materials, a conventional drill is not always enough. In some cases, it is impossible to do without equipment such as a drill. This equipment will allow you to make holes, both blind and through, in almost any material. The machine is used for:

• hole processing;
• accommodation;
• countersinking;
• thread.
• drilling;

The main advantage of any drilling machine is that it allows you to easily make very precise holes that a conventional drill cannot make well. For example, it is not always possible to produce them according to precise markings.

KR Series Radial Drilling Machine

Each radial drilling machine is a block with a massive base plate equipped with grooves for clamping the workpiece in a vice. The base itself can be attached to the workbench so that the machine remains in one place throughout the work. The machine also has a drilling unit, which has a spindle and a chuck in which the drill used is fixed. Diameter may vary. The drill rotates due to the operation of an electric motor, which has a special drive for the spindle. There are also various controls - buttons to turn on the machine, change speed, etc. The machine must be equipped with safety guards or shields to prevent chips from falling onto the operator while drilling.

Tell! Most modern drilling machines also have various additional features that often increase comfort of use and make work easier. This could be, for example, a laser marker.

Features of application

Before you start working on a horizontal drilling machine, you need to set it up very carefully. In order to carry out this procedure, you can use the markings applied to the first part used. Subsequently, when each stage ends, additional measurements are taken of the diameters of the holes, and the grooves are also measured.

Before you start working with any part, you need to make sure that it is securely fastened to the working surface of the device. If during work the slightest displacement of a part occurs, it will immediately be considered defective.

Another point that needs to be paid special attention to is the choice of drill and cutter for future work. The cutter is inserted into the left end of the socket all the way to the bottom, after which the working surface of the machine moves from side to side. This process is called quality groove milling. It is important to add that removing the socket immediately after using the cutter can lead to the resulting part having incorrect dimensions.

In what mode do you plan to work?

Most often in a home workshop there is only a 220 V connection. Therefore, you need a machine with the same supply voltage. The 380 V mains voltage is a big advantage. There is no power loss when using three-phase motors. Several machines can be connected, whereas in a two-phase network, several powerful machines cause voltage fluctuations in the network.

So, having answered the questions, you can already imagine your future car. Whether household or professional, for large or small holes, for wood or metal, large or small parts. All you have to do is think about the convenience and see if it is suitable for your workshop. On the website VseInstrumenty.ru you can find equipment for work and hobbies of all sizes and with any characteristics. You will find all this in our catalog.

Types of Drilling Machine

Drilling machines can be classified according to several parameters. For example. There are universal and specialized devices. They can also be divided by type of control into automatic, semi-automatic and manual. However, let's take a closer look at the types of machines depending on their use for a particular type of work.

Diagram of a vertical drilling machine

Table. Types of drilling machines.

Radial drilling machine - schematic diagram

Advice! When choosing a machine, you should be guided primarily by the size of the holes that need to be made.

Technical characteristics of horizontal drilling machines

It is best to describe the technical characteristics of these devices using the example of the most common types of these devices. The SvGD manual feed machine can process parts with a maximum hole diameter of 4.5 cm and drill holes up to 120 mm long. The drill can turn at a speed of about 2000 revolutions per minute.

It is worth describing the technical characteristics of another popular drilling machine SvG-3:

• The maximum drilling diameter is 2.5 cm.
• The maximum drilling depth is 10 cm.
• The length of the longitudinal grooves is 20 cm.
• The maximum number of drill revolutions per minute is 3000.

Machine SvG-3

1. The basis.
2. Caliper.
3. Electric motor.
4. Caliper assembly control lever.
5. Bracket.
6. Working surface.
7. Lever for vertical movement of the working surface.
8. Lever for horizontal movement of the working surface.
9. The ruler is persistent.
10. Clamp.
11. Drilling unit.

There are other modifications of drilling machines. For example, the SPA installation, equipped with a hydraulic pump and mechanical feed, is relatively popular. The hydraulic pump is used to fasten parts on the working surface of the machine.

In addition to the drilling function, this machine is capable of grooving workpieces. It is worth noting that certain qualifications are required to perform such work. For correct use of the installation, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the drill and its location in the workpiece.

Kinds

All drilling machines are divided into different types:

• Radial drilling. The spindle moves relative to the machine, and the workpiece itself moves along the spindle. Processing and clamping of heavy workpieces is many times easier.
• Vertical drilling rig. The group has a mandrel that is positioned vertically in the structure. Designed for single and small-scale production.
• Boring machine for feeders. It operates at high speed and is designed primarily for woodworking (eg furniture processing).
• Milling and turning. It is multifunctional and combines several very useful functions and capabilities. The milling and lathe works well with cast iron and steel parts, as well as aluminum and brass alloys. In general, it is used to process fairly strong and serious alloys and metals that other types of drills cannot handle.

Grinding machines

Grinding machines have a rotating abrasive tool. These machines are used mainly for final (finishing) finishing of parts, by removing layers of metal from their surface with an accuracy sometimes reaching tenths of a micrometer and giving the treated surface a high purity.

Read also: What is reverse on a walk-behind tractor

Grinding machines receive workpieces that have been pre-processed on other machines, leaving a small allowance for grinding, the amount of which depends on the required accuracy class, the dimensions of the part and the previous processing.

Advances in recent years in the field of improvement of grinding wheels and machines, as well as the improvement of blank operations (rolling, stamping, precision casting, etc.), make it possible in many cases to use high-performance grinding machines for semi-finishing operations instead of turning, milling and other machines for semi-finishing operations. preliminary and final grinding.

On grinding machines the following is performed:

peeling, cutting and cutting of workpieces

precise processing of planes, surfaces of revolution, wheel teeth, screw and shaped surfaces, etc.

How to choose a drilling machine for your home workshop?

How to choose the right drill if you decide to create a mini-workshop in the garage or plan to perform a number of works in the country or at home? To choose the optimal model, you need to consider several factors.

The first factor to consider is the size of the workshop space and the planned method of work. As a rule, in domestic conditions such a machine is not used constantly, but from time to time. Sometimes, however, continuous operation of the machine is required. As a rule, in such cases, a household or semi-professional option that does not have much power is sufficient. A professional machine should only be considered if it will be used actively every day. This machine is more expensive, but has high performance. And this usually allows you to make holes of a fairly large diameter.

Holes made with a drill are precise and neat.

Important: If your home machine is used mercilessly, it will quickly break down. The simplest options, as a rule, are not designed for heavy loads during the day.

In short, first answer the question of how often the device will be used: more than 2 hours a day (continuous use) or less (repeated - short-term use, usually in this case the device is used for only a few minutes). Remember that household appliances should “rest” for 5 minutes every 20 minutes.

Another important criterion is power. If the device will be used constantly, its power should be more than 600 W, and preferably at least 1000 W. For household use, a device with a power of up to 600 W is sufficient.

Important! Machines rated for 220V are slightly weaker than machines rated for other ratings.

Drill bits for a drilling machine
Next, you should consider the size of the holes being created. Homemade options are unlikely to allow the use of a drill with a diameter of more than 16 mm (there are rare exceptions). On the other hand, the professional version may suggest 60 mm. For small holes, you need to purchase a modest machine for a drill up to 6 mm - it will be more accurate.

It is important to consider what material you are going to work with. For example, machines can create holes in metal, wood, or plastic. Remember, however, that to work with wood or sheet metal you need a machine with at least 600 watts of power, and for making holes in thick solid metal you need at least 1000 watts.

The depth of the holes also matters. It depends on the spindle stroke. This value is important if you have to work with thick workpieces. Therefore, the thicker the workpiece, the more powerful the machine should be and the longer the spindle stroke should be.

Also think about the size of the car. Therefore, if you work in a small space (for example, a garage), choose a small, compact device. It is also advisable that it is not too noisy during use.

As a note. Desktop machines are the smallest. However, they usually do not allow the use of drills larger than 16 mm in diameter and not very powerful. However, they are lightweight and relatively quiet. The optimal choice is a vertical type machine. It can be installed on almost any workbench and secured to it using a special leg.

Radial drilling options allow you to drill at the desired angle. It's worth taking a look at them.

JET JDP-8L compact class bench drill 0.35 kW 230 V

Security is an important parameter. The machine must be equipped with guards and protection. They prevent chips from falling on the operator during operation.

Additional features deserve special attention. Different machine models may have different additional features. But each of them will make the car more expensive. So think about whether you need them or whether it is better to buy the most basic machine to save money. Possible useful features include:

• Backlight;
• Tilt of the desktop for working at an angle;
• Milling;
• Speed ​​switch.
• laser viewfinder;
• reverse;

A good choice of machine is one that has a vice to hold the workpiece securely. It's good if they are included. You can also choose a model with suitable grooves and install the vise yourself. Using a vise is a must to get the most accurate holes.

Parameters influencing choice

As mentioned above, the purpose of the machine is to drill holes. However, every wood drilling machine has its limitations. First of all, it should be said about the possible drill diameters. This parameter is the most important and is subject to significant limitations present in every machine. Regardless of type and purpose. If the machine will be used at home, the recommended diameter is 16 mm, but there are exceptions.

A mini-drill that can drill holes up to 6mm in diameter is often required for work related to the manufacture of printed circuit boards. The cost of pleasure is quite low, so manufacturers talk about the accuracy of such machines.

It should be understood that the quality of the workpiece assembly determines the accuracy obtained during drilling. Choose machines that can be equipped with a vice or other reliable device for holding the workpiece. The best choice is a cross table.

What is CNC?

Many models of horizontal drilling machines are equipped with a device such as CNC. This abbreviation stands for numerical software. Devices equipped with this modification are also capable of performing operations such as boring, milling, drilling, and countersinking.

It is important to note here that the degree of accuracy with which it will perform the task will depend on the class of numerical software. The on-board computer calculates the existing unit and the specified one, which helps save time and also better coordinate the processing of parts. In addition to the fact that CNC allows you to correct the movement of the drill in different planes, it will also allow you to set the angle of inclination of the working tool of the machine.

Equipment for the machine

To make your machine as useful as possible, it is important not only to choose the machine itself, but also to purchase the right accessories for it. For example, the vice itself, if it is not included in the kit. It is best to purchase the screw version, which provides maximum clamping and high accuracy. This type of vice usually has no play. They can be mounted on the machine table. By the way, a vice can also have a number of functions - for example, the ability to rotate and lock in almost any position.

There are universal disadvantages. They are more expensive than screw terminals, but unlike them they can be installed both vertically and horizontally.

Drilling vice

Important: The vice is not intended for clamping workpieces more than 10 cm wide or long.

Clamping jaws are used to hold large workpieces. If you need to clamp a pipe or ball, a prism is needed. If you want to drill without marking, you can use drill guides to guide the drill and prevent it from moving sideways. The result is very precise holes that are even more precise than directional drilling.

Taps for drilling machine

What else could you possibly need? These can be thread cutters, countersinks, reamers and much more. Each of them is used for different types of work: for example, taps are used for cutting internal threads. You should purchase these if you plan to do this job.

Design

The horizontal drilling milling machine SvG-3 consists of such components as: base, support, electric motor. In addition, it has a lever used to control the caliper assembly, a bracket, a working surface, as well as a lever for horizontal or vertical rotation of the working surface. The last three components are a drill unit, a straight edge and a clamp.

It is worth noting here that there is a wide variety of modifications for such machines. For example, there is a SPA model. A special feature of this category of device is the presence of additional elements such as a hydraulic pump and mechanical feed. The first of these elements in this device is used to create conditions in which it is possible to secure the part as securely as possible on the table.

Best Inexpensive Drilling Machines

Inexpensive drills are bought mainly for household purposes. These are mainly models that connect to a 220 V network. They do not have record power and rich functionality. But these machines will help their owners in construction or repair. Experts have identified the following models.

Einhell BT-BD 701

A universal household drill is the Chinese Einhell BT-BD 701. According to experts, the distinctive feature of this model is its high quality design, which makes it a winner in the rating. With a power of 630 W, the equipment copes not only with drilling soft materials, but also with processing large metal parts. The device is characterized by its low weight (35 kg), which allows the machine to be moved to the material if necessary. The drill operates from a 220 V network, and the spindle speed can be adjusted from 220 to 2450 rpm.

Users speak positively on thematic forums about the ease of use, the presence of a vice in the kit, and the rigidity of the frame. The disadvantage of the drill is its loud noise and modest drill capabilities (3-16 mm).

Advantages:

• powerful engine;
• 12 gears;
• presence of a vice;
• rigid frame.

Flaws:

• racks with thin walls;
• Unreliable fastening of the protective screen.

Enkor Corvette-47 90470

The domestic development “Anchor Corvette-47” is not inferior to the leader of the rating in a number of indicators. This includes 12-speed control, light weight (36 kg), and a reasonable price. And after the noise level, this model looks better. But here there is a certain loss in engine power (550 watts). This affects the capabilities of the drilling rig. With its help, you can work with wooden or plastic parts, or, in extreme cases, drill soft types of metal. Experts note the small size of the machine, which allows it to be installed on a workbench or table. The budget model does not have such modern options as laser or reverse.

The main disadvantage of the drill, according to users, is the rapid heating of the electric motor. Therefore, drilling (10-15 minutes) will have to be performed alternately with other work.

Advantages:

• low chuck runout;
• low noise level;
• conical cartridge.

Flaws:

• vibration when turned on;
• fast engine heating.

SPEC SSV-500-16 SPEC-3262

We also included another domestic development made in China in our rating. The third place is occupied by the drill SSV-500-16 SPEC-3262. Many Russian masters had the opportunity to try it out, assessing its strengths and identifying its weaknesses. Firstly, this model lags behind the leaders in power (500 W). Experts deducted points for the weak frame and rapid engine heating.

On the positive side, you can appreciate the low price and light weight (20 kg). The model is made neatly and looks the same in reality as in the advertising photographs. Working with the device is quite simple and convenient, and when drilling you can get fairly accurate hole dimensions. The drill is ideal for a home workshop or garage where the workload is small.

Advantages:

• lightweight and compact;
• low price;
• ease of use.

Flaws:

• fragile design;
• No protective screen.

Jet JDP-8L

The Jet JDP-8L model stands out among household drills with the most affordable price. The Swiss manufacturer managed to offer Russian customers a favorable price thanks to the organization of production in China. Experts noted the cast iron base of the machine, which makes it stable and reliable. The weight of the model remained minimal (19 kg). The drill is slightly inferior to its competitors in terms of power (350 W), and the maximum drill diameter is limited to 13 mm.

To select the optimal drilling mode, only 5 spindle speeds are required. A useful option is a drilling depth limiter. The manufacturer has provided the ability to adjust the tilt of the table by changing its height. Users consider the weak point of the tool to be the presence of backlash.

Advantages:

• low price;
• lightness and compactness;
• cast iron base.

Weak sides:

• Strong blow of the pen;
• Awkward trigger;
• weak engine.

The best types of premium drilling machines

This is already professional equipment designed to solve relatively complex problems, including mass production. To do this, it must be sufficiently reliable and efficient.

PROMA BY-3216PC/400

An interesting example from the Czech Republic, operating on a three-phase network and therefore intended mainly for factories, factories and other small businesses.
If there is no overload, it will last for many years. Peculiarities:

• rotation speed – 125-1975 rpm;
• maximum drill diameter – 32 mm;
• spindle pin stroke – 150 mm;
• dimensions – 1060x640x1510 mm
• weight – 260 kg;
• engine power – 1500 W;

Advantages:

• reinforced base 310x380 provides an additional work table;
• the sieve protects the operator from chips;
• has lighting and cooling;
• up to 8 speeds.
• With automatic feeding;

flaws:

• Not suitable for household use;
• Requires 380 volts.

Euroboor ECO 100/4 D

Possibly the best vertical metal drill, or at least one of them for sure.
Compact and very light for its class, but powerful, with spiral knives up to 32 mm in diameter and ring knives, it effectively solves a wide range of tasks up to 10 cm thick. It is also possible to process oversized parts. Operating parameters:

• rotation speed – 42-620 rpm; engine power – 1900 W;
• engine power – 1900 W
• weight – 28 kg
• dimensions – 365x190x510 mm.

Advantages:

• The base rotates - in the longitudinal direction by 20 0 and in the angular direction by 30 0;
• 4 speeds;
• powerful magnet with a magnetic force of 3 tons for perfect fixation;
• can also be installed on large objects.

Flaws:

• Too expensive for home use.

JET IDP-15BV 230V

American made table drill for professional use, ideal for quickly cutting holes in cast iron and steel.
It can be powered from the mains, which expands the range of its applications. The manufacturer provides a 2-year warranty on all its models. Peculiarities:

• Rotation speed – 450-2000 rpm;
• Maximum drill diameter – 20 mm;
• Spindle pitch – 85 mm;
• dimensions – 1780x425x214 mm.
• weight – 50 kg;
• engine power – 750-1100 W;

Advantages:

• a transparent plastic screen protects against sparks, dust, and shavings;
• Durable 73mm support tube effectively absorbs vibrations;
• Adjustment is carried out as smoothly as possible thanks to the control board;
• The table can rotate around the column either counterclockwise or clockwise.

Flaws:

• Relatively high wear.

MESSER MDM-32

Powerful, self-adjusting, easy to learn and easy to operate, this machine from South Korea exemplifies modern performance.
Options:

• Speed ​​– 100-830 rpm;
• Engine power – 1550 W;
• Weight – 15 kg;
• Dimensions – 300x280x480 mm.

Pros:

• buttons and knobs within operator reach;
• relatively deep penetration of the tool – up to 55 mm;
• There is a reservoir for coolant.

Cons:

• Only 1 speed.

Dewalt Dwe1622k

A true leader among our best bench drills for the home, garage, and industry.
Since it can be used anywhere, it is quite compact and can be powered from a 220-230 volt network without any problems. Equipped with a magnet, it holds the workpiece securely. Without heating the workpiece, it ensures fast processing. Peculiarities:

• rotation speed – 350-450 rpm; engine power – 1200 W;
• engine power – 1200 W;
• maximum drill diameter – 50 mm;
• weight – 14.55 kg.

Advantages:

• there is an automatic supply of coolant;
• LED lighting allows you to work even in the dark;
• it is protected against overvoltage;
• After an emergency shutdown, it does not restart when power is restored.

Flaws:

• One of the most expensive models.

About drilling, drilling-grooving, slotting and vertical drilling machines.

Drilling machines and working on them

There are horizontal drilling machines and vertical drilling machines, single-spindle and multi-spindle. On horizontal drilling machines, round and oblong sockets and grooves are drilled, on vertical drilling machines - round holes and sockets.

Multi-spindle drilling machines are used in mass production for processing a large number of parts with a significant number of holes and for drilling knots of different sizes. One machine can have up to 30 spindles. Depending on the design of the machine, spindles can be powered by individual electric motors or by a common electric motor.

Horizontal drilling and grooving machines and work on them. Design and types of machines. The SVPG-1 machine with manual feed is widely used, as well as the SVPG-2A. Technical characteristics of the machine: The largest drilling diameter is 45 mm, the largest drilling depth is 120 mm, the maximum length of longitudinal sockets from one installation is 200 mm. Drill speed 2100 per minute, electric motor power 1 kW.

In terms of technical indicators and productivity, the SvG-3 machine is close to the SPG-1I machine. On the cast-iron frame of the machine at the top there is a support with an electric motor, which is moved manually using a lever. There is a bracket with a table on the side. The table is moved vertically using a screw with a steering wheel, and horizontally perpendicular to the drill using a lever 8. The table has a stop ruler and a quick-acting eccentric clamp 10. A drill chuck is mounted on the electric motor shaft.

Technical characteristics of the SvG-3 machine: the largest drilling diameter is 25 mm, the largest drilling depth is 100 mm; The maximum length of the longitudinal sockets is 200 mm. The number of revolutions of the drill per minute is 3,000. The power of the electric motor is 2.2 kW.

In addition to those described, a horizontal drilling and slotting machine of the SvPA brand with mechanical feed is produced. On this machine, the horizontal movement of the table and the action of two clamps on the table occur with the help of a hydraulic pump.

In horizontal drilling and grooving machines, groove and twist drills are used.

Techniques for working on horizontal drilling and slotting machines. When sizing a machine, you need to take into account the width, depth and length of the socket, as well as its location in the part.

Rice. 1. Horizontal drilling and slotting machines: a - brand SvG-3: 1 - bed; 2 — caliper; 3 - electric motor; 4 — lever for moving the caliper; 5 — brackets; 6 - table; 7 — steering wheel for raising the table; 8 — lever for horizontal movement of the table; 9 — thrust ruler; 10 - eccentric clamp: Ch - drill chuck; b - SvPA brand machine

The workpiece is placed on the work table of the machine close to the stop ruler or stop pins. The drill is firmly secured in the chuck. A carelessly fastened drill “hits” and selects a socket larger than the specified width.

Setting the drilling depth is done with a stop that limits the amount of advance of the drill onto the part. The exact height position of the socket is achieved by raising or lowering the work table. To obtain the specified length of the socket and the required distance between the socket and the end of the part, stops are used to limit the lateral movement of the table.

Rice. 2. The order of drilling sockets and grooves (indicated in numbers): a - with a groove cutter; b - twist drill

The machine is set up according to the markings on the first part; other details are not marked. During the work process, the accuracy of the dimensions of the drilled holes is checked several times by taking measurements on the part.

The workpieces must be firmly secured to the workbench. Even a slight displacement of a part can lead to its defect: during assembly it will turn out to be unusable.

The procedure for selecting a socket when working with a twist drill and a groove cutter is not the same. When work is carried out with a cutter (Fig. 2, a), the work table is first moved to the right all the way and the cutter is inserted at the left end of the socket. Having reached the bottom of the socket, the cutter is removed, the table is moved all the way to the left and the cutter is inserted into the right end of the socket. After this, smoothly and evenly move the table to the right until it stops, using a cutter to remove the entire jumper between the end round holes.

If you start sampling the entire nest immediately after the first insertion of the cutter, then the nest will end up with an inclined end wall and at the bottom shorter than the specified size. This occurs due to some deviation of the spindle with the chuck and the cutter from the vertical position during the process of selecting the socket.

When working with a twist drill, first drill round recesses at the ends of the selected socket, then in the space between them. After this, the nest is cleared in two or three passes by moving the drill along the entire length of the nest, removing previously formed ribs.

Rice. 3. Drill with chisel - combination chisel

Rice. 4. Scheme of organization of workplaces for horizontal drilling and grooving machines: I - for machines of the SvG-2 brand; SvG-3 and SvGD-3 pre-war production: b - for machines of the SvG-3 and SvGD-3 brands post-war production; c - for pre-war SvG and SvGD machines with an extended table: 1 - machine operator's place; 2 — drill feed lever; 3 — table movement lever

The insertion of a drill or cutter into the wood should be smooth. The feed rate decreases slightly as the tool goes deeper into the material.

An oblong socket, selected on a drilling machine, is obtained with rounded ends. These ends are sometimes processed at a right angle with a chisel. You can get a nest

In practice, nests are often left with rounded ends, and the ribs of the spines are rounded.

On a horizontal drilling and slotting machine, the machine operator works without an auxiliary worker. In Fig. Figure 4 shows workplace organization diagrams for machines of different brands and with

different arrangement of control levers. The position of the machine operator against the drill (Fig. 4, a, b) is inconvenient because in order to observe the insertion point of the drill, the machine operator always has to lean over the workpiece. This inconvenience does not exist when working on SvG and SvGD machines, in which the control levers are located differently (Fig. 4, c).

To make work easier when processing parts longer than 1500 mm, the table of horizontal drilling machines is extended. In Fig. 4, c schematically shows a drilling machine with an extended table.

Vertical – drilling machines and work on them. Vertical – drilling machines are used for drilling round holes and sockets with a diameter of up to 45 mm.

The bed of a vertical drilling machine is an L-shaped column. In its upper part there is a vertical spindle with a drilling chuck, which receives rotational motion from an electric motor. The spindle has vertical movement to feed the drill onto the material. Raising and lowering the spindle is done by hand using a lever or using a foot pedal.

The machine table is often placed on a rotating console: it can also be moved up and down. In Fig. 5 shows a modern vertical drilling machine SV-2m. This machine has an electric motor located on a support and can move in a vertical direction. The drill chuck is mounted on an extended electric motor shaft. The support with electric motor and drill is lowered using a pedal or handle. The caliper rises to its original position under the action of a spring located in the upper part of the frame.

Rice. 5. Single-spindle vertical drilling machine Sv-2m

Drilling is done with spiral and screw drills.

Rice. 6. Wall mounted radial drilling machine

Vertical drilling machines of the SvN, Sv-1, Sv-2 and Sv-3 brands are common in carpentry production. In enterprises with a small volume of drilling work or with a small machine shop area, a wall-mounted radial drilling machine is often used. Its working part can move along the radius of outreach and the circle of rotation of the articulated boom.

Currently the following machines are produced: single-spindle with manual feed Sv-2m, 12-spindle with manual feed Sv-12 and 30-spindle with mechanical feed Sv-30. They can drill holes with a diameter (respectively) of up to 100, 50 and 25 mm, and a depth of up to 120, 150 and 150 mm.

Setting up a single-spindle vertical drilling machine involves mounting a drill of the required diameter in the chuck, setting the table height and arranging the parts on the table.

Drilling can be done according to markings, stops or a template.

To drill along the stops, place a ruler and an end stop on the workbench and press the workpiece tightly against them. Place a ruler and a stop along the marked part, which is kept until the end of processing the entire batch. This part is used to check the operation of the machine and the accuracy of processing.

Two identical sockets located on the same line are selected using two stops - one for each end of the part.

Using a template, several sockets of the same diameter are drilled into the part, located along the same line. Drilling of several sockets having different locations is carried out along the jig.

The template has holes of the required sizes, located in a straight line at specified distances from one another. The part is fixed in the template and fed under the drill along the guide ruler. Drilling is done through the holes in the template.

A jig is a template with holes that are not located in a straight line. It is usually made from sheet steel and placed on top of the workpiece. Sometimes the conductor is made in the form of a box with a hinged lid and a clamp.

On multi-spindle machines, drilling is performed by raising the work table with the part laid on it. The work includes as many drills as required to obtain sockets. In one installation, you can drill sockets of different diameters and different depths in the workpiece. Drilling is carried out only along the stops.

A multi-spindle machine is operated by one machine operator.

Machines for drilling knots. Machines for drilling knots for the purpose of sealing the resulting holes with plugs have in general the same design as a three-spindle vertical drilling machine. The only difference is that their spindles do not work simultaneously, but alternately. Using drills of different diameters, these machines can drill out knots of any size.

Special plug drills are used, working in the plane of the bottom of the socket being drilled and on the sides of the socket. They form nests with smooth sides and some flare directed upward.

This shape of the nest promotes dense and durable gluing of plugs. Spreading the plugs with glue and pressing them into the sockets is done manually. The supply of parts for the drill is also manual.

Rice. 7. Conductor: 1 - machine table; 2 — base of the conductor; 3 - workpiece: 4 - stop; 5 — conductor cover; 6 — drill: 7 — jig bushings; 8 - clamp

For drilling knots, the industry produces a three-spindle SvZS machine and a semi-automatic SvSA machine, which is usually called an automatic machine. The machine has two working spindles, of which one (left) is used for drilling knots with a diameter of up to 25 mm, and the second (right) is for sawing and pressing plugs with a thickness of 4 to 20 mm. A plug drill is attached to the left spindle, and a cylindrical file is attached to the right spindle. Glue is automatically sprayed into the drilled socket from a special reservoir. The sealing of the knot is flush, dense and durable.

The automatic machine only manually feeds the parts under the drills and removes them from the machine,

The tenon is selected depending on the shape, size and purpose of the parts being connected, with the calculation of the greatest strength of the connection and its more beautiful appearance.

Knitting with a double spike is stronger than knitting with a single spike, since the area of ​​​​contact of the spike with the walls of the nest is larger. Therefore, when knitting more or less thick parts, a double spike is used. For the same reason, a through tenon gives a stronger bond than a blind tenon. Solid and insert studs are equivalent in knitting strength.

Knitting with a flat spike is stronger than knitting with a round spike, but its marking and execution are more labor-intensive.

The beveled tenon is the least durable, since many of its fibers are cut across. This type of spike is used only in cases where it is required by design. For example, the side drawer of a chair with the front leg is knitted with a beveled tenon.

Rice. 8. Dovetail spike

Dovetail knitting is used in cases where tearing forces will act on the parts to be joined during the operation of the product. The ripples of the tenon prevent the part from coming off.

The inclination of the necks to the shoulders of the dovetail tenon should be no more than 10°. A greater slope often leads to chipping of the tenon cheeks when knitting bars and chipping of the sides of the sockets when knitting shields.

Angular knitting of bars in the dark and semi-dark is achieved by undercutting the width of the tenon by 10 - 15 mm. Undercutting the entire length of the tenon creates complete darkness, while cutting part of the length creates semi-darkness.

Knitting bars in semi-darkness is used when the upper part of the knot is covered by the overhang of the lid, as, for example, at a table or stool. Knitting in semi-darkness and especially in the dark increases the strength of the end socket and eliminates the danger of the tenon being everted.

A nest, especially a drilled one, often has uneven edges, with fringes or even flakes. To hide this defect, an undercut of 5 mm is made on both sides of the tenon.

Sometimes for knitting bars in simple products (stool, table) when making them manually, a single tenon with one shoulder is used. This is because a single-arm tenon is easier and faster to make by hand than a tenon with shoulders on both sides. The shoulder is made from the front side of the joint. On machines, tenons are always produced with shoulders on both sides.

Rice. 9. Spikes with undercut: a - with direct undercut in the dark: b - semi-dark: c - with oblique undercut

Rice. 10. Connecting panels to a straight box tenon-comb

The thickness of the tenons of the bars being connected, depending on the thickness of the latter, can range from 5 to 15 mm and should not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the bar. A thick spike weakens the binding of the bars. Therefore, when knitting bars of large thickness, instead of a single thick tenon, several thin ones are made, i.e., a double or triple tenon.

Knitting of wide (board) parts and shields is done with straight through tenons. The thinner and more often the spikes are located, the stronger the knitting. With thick or sparse thorns, the connection cracks and even falls apart. Tying with spikes is widely used, the width of which is not less than 1 mm and not more than the entire thickness of the shield, and the thickness of the spike is equal to the width of the eye or socket. In production, such spikes are often called combs.

If the boards to be connected will be subjected to tensile forces, they are knitted with dovetail spikes. Such spikes significantly protect shields from warping.

In addition to through ones, dovetail tenons are used, semi-secret and concealed.

Semi-hidden spikes are made with a thickness equal to 2/3 of the thickness of the shield; the remaining third part (the hidden part) serves to cover the ends of the eyelets at the attached shield.

When knitting with hidden spikes, a gap is left on both shields being connected, 1/3 the thickness of a thin shield (if the shields are of unequal thickness). Potai is cut at a miter angle of 45°. When knitting shields in secret, the spikes and eyes are not visible at all.

Half-knitting of shields is used for a more beautiful design of joints.

The spikes used for tying shields are usually called box spikes; spikes for knitting bars are frame ones, since frames are knitted from bars. Machines for making tenons - tenon cutters - are also divided into frame and box ones.

The production of tenons is carried out manually using a tenon saw according to the markings; clean them with a chisel.

Metal drilling machines

To drill holes, single-spindle vertical drilling machines are most often used.

In Fig. Figure 1 shows a single-spindle vertical drilling machine 2150 of the Odessa Machine Tool Plant named after. Lenin. This machine is equipped with a gearbox and a feed box, and it is powered by a flange electric motor. The largest drilling diameter is 50 mm. The spindle has six speeds; spindle speed from 46 to 475 per minute. The number of mechanical (self-propelled) feeds is 10 (from 0.15 to 1.1 mm per spindle revolution).

The main parts of drilling machines are the bed, table, movement mechanisms and spindle.

The bed is the base and support for all other parts of the machine.

The table is designed to install and secure the workpiece.

The movement mechanisms of the machine (drive the spindle) consist of a drive, a mechanism for the main, or working, movement of the machine (rotation of the spindle) and a feed mechanism (moving the tool during drilling).

The spindle serves to secure the drill and transmit movement to it.

The drive is used to transmit movement to the machine from an electric motor or transmission. The mechanism of the main, or working, movement imparts rotation to the spindle. The feed mechanism transmits a linear translational motion to the rotating drill, which cuts into the metal.

In Fig. 2, and a vertical drilling machine 2118 is shown. It has six speeds with direct spindle rotation (clockwise) and six with reverse. To set the selected drilling speed (spindle revolutions per minute), you need to move the V-belt to the appropriate pulley stage. To transfer the belt from one pulley stage to another, you need to unscrew the special handle on the bracket (not shown in the figure) and turn the screw to the left

Rice. 1. Single-spindle vertical drilling machine 2150: 1 - table, 2 - drill, 3 - start buttons, 4 - spindle, 5 - control handles, 6 - drive, 7 - electric motor, 8 - feed wheel, 9 - table lift handle

Rice. 2. Single-spindle step-pulley vertical drilling machine 2118: a - general view: 1 - table, 2 - spindle, 3 - handle for manual spindle feed, 4 - drive, 5 - electric motor, 6 - feed mechanism, 7 - cooling pipeline liquid, 8—pump for supplying liquid, 9—frame; b - kinematic diagram

bracket together with the electric motor on itself. To tension the belt after rearranging it, turn the screw to the right and move the bracket with the electric motor away from you.

The number of spindle revolutions per minute when the belt is positioned at various stages of the pulley from the top stage to the bottom is shown in the kinematic diagram.

Feeding on this machine is carried out automatically and manually. When working with automatic feed, the handle must be set to the middle position. Automatic drill feed per spindle revolution 0.2 mm; feed more than 0.2 mm is carried out only manually, for which there is a special (overrunning) mechanism in the feed box. The machine is started and stopped by a switch.

In Fig. Figure 3 shows a desktop high-speed vertical drilling machine 2M112. Here the spindle speed is varied using replaceable stepped pulleys. Feed is manual, drive is from a flange electric motor. The largest drilling diameter is 12 mm. The spindle has ten speeds - from 350 to 4320 rpm.

In Fig. 4, a shows a multi-spindle drilling machine, i.e. a machine on which several holes in one part are simultaneously machined with different tools, or one hole is sequentially processed with different tools, without rearranging them.

Any single-spindle machine can be adapted to drill multiple holes simultaneously. To do this, a special multi-spindle head is mounted on the spindle, which has a special device for transmitting rotational motion from the drilling machine spindle to all head spindles.

Rice. 3. Tabletop high-speed vertical drilling machine 2M112: 1 - drill, 2 - chuck, 3 - spindle, 4 - handle for manual feed, 5 - drive belt guard, 6 - electric motor, 7 - start buttons, 8 - bed, 9 - workpiece

In Fig. Figure 5 shows a radial drilling machine. Machines of this type are used mainly for processing many holes in bulky and heavy products. The drilling head 4 can move in different directions both along the sleeve 3 and together with the sleeve around the column 2. The sleeve can be adjusted in height. Thus, it is possible to place the spindle against any point on the upper plane of the product within the length of the sleeve.

Rice. 4. Quadruple drilling machine and multi-spindle drilling head

There are also portable and mobile radial drilling machines. They are used for machining holes in very large parts. Drilling holes of small diameter (up to 10-12 mm, and in some cases more) is done using drills - manual, electric or pneumatic.

VIDEO OF THE OPERATION OF A USED SVPG-2A DRILLING AND SLOOTING MACHINE AFTER REPAIR AT NEVASTANKOMASH LLC

VIDEO OF THE OPERATION OF A USED SVPG-2A DRILLING AND SLOOTING MACHINE AFTER REPAIR AT NEVASTANKOMASH LLC

What to consider when choosing?

We have described more than one really good drill for the home; the rating of the best models for a workshop or enterprise also includes quite a few options. So which one will be the best choice? You should purchase a model that meets the following parameters:

1. Power – if you plan to use the equipment frequently and get high performance from it, the power should be at least 600 W.
2. Hole diameter - at home you hardly need to make it larger than 16 mm, but in factories and factories you often have to make sections of 50-60 mm.
3. Ease of use - the more compact and lighter the machine, the more speeds it supports, the more ergonomic it is, the more convenient it is to use, but also the easier it is to troubleshoot.
4. Security – make sure the option you like has a transparent screen and cannot be turned on by itself.

We hope you can now make your decision easily. And if you have any questions, contact us: we will tell you which domestic drill is better, Optima, ZUBR or DILD, which are the best American, German, Chinese models and give them to you at a competitive price.