Selecting a steel grade for the manufacture of vertical tanks

Steel 09G2S - low-alloy structural steel for welded structures

Steel substitutes:

• 09GS,
• 09G2DT,
• 09G2T,
• 10G2S

Foreign analogues:

• TSt E 355 (1.0566) - Germany DIN
• A590 AZ, A 36-207 - France (AFNOR)

IMPORTANT!!! The possibility of replacement is determined in each specific case after assessing and comparing the properties of steels

Type of delivery

Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 19281-73, GOST 2590-88, GOST 2591-88, GOST 8239-89, GOST 8240-89. Thick sheet GOST 19281-89, GOST 5520-79, GOST 5521-93, GOST 19903-74. Thin sheet GOST 17066-80, GOST 19903-74, GOST 19904-74. Strip GOST 103-76, GOST 82-70.

Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133-71.

Purpose

Parts of apparatus and vessels operating at temperatures from -70°C to +475°C under pressure.

In steam and hot water pipelines - parts made of sheet metal - up to a temperature of 450°C, pipes - up to a temperature of 425°C, in boilers - sheet parts operating at temperatures up to 450°C, in all cases without pressure limitation. Fasteners in boilers and pipelines are used up to temperatures of 425°C and pressures of up to 10 N/mm2.

Steel grade 09G2S must be tested for tension at elevated temperatures.

As a result of such tests, the yield strength at 320 °C for sheets of steel grade 09G2S with a thickness of 60 mm and more should be at least 18 kg/mm2

Interpretation of steel 09G2S

The two-digit number 09 indicates the approximate carbon content in steel in hundredths of a percent, i.e. The carbon content in steel is approximately 0.09%.

Beech G means that the steel contains manganese in an amount of about 2%.

The letter C means that the steel contains silicon.

Chemical composition, % (GOST 19281-2014)

C, carbonMn, manganeseSi, siliconP, phosphorusS, sulfurCr, chromiumNi, nickelCu, copperAs, arsenicN, nitrogenmore

Application of steel 09G2S for bodies, covers, flanges, membranes and valve assembly made from rolled products, forgings (stampings) (GOST 33260-2015)

Application of steel 09G2S for reinforcement fasteners (GOST 33260-2015)

Maximum permissible temperatures for the use of 09G2S steel in environments containing ammonia

NOTE The conditions of use are established for a corrosion rate of the nitrogen layer of no more than 0.5 mm/year.

Maximum permissible temperature for using 09G2S steel in hydrogen-containing environments

Yield strength σ0.2 (GOST 5520-79)

Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

Note : Normalization at 930-950 °C.

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature

Impact strength KCU

GOST Delivery conditionSection, mmKCU, J/cm2, at temperature, °C+20-40-70

Technological properties

Forging temperature, °C: beginning 1250, end 850. Weldability - weldable without restrictions. Welding methods: RDS, ADS submerged and gas shielded, ESW.

Cutting machinability - Kv tv.spl = 1.0 and Kv b.st = 1.6 in the normalized, tempered state at σв = 520 MPa.

Tendency to temper brittleness - not prone.

Flock sensitivity - not sensitive.

Range of products made from steel 09G2S

The metallurgical enterprises of our country produce the following rolled products:

• 19281-73 Long and shaped rolled products;
• 19282-73 Sheets and strips.

That is, on the metallurgical products market, consumers can purchase a channel, angle, sheet, etc. We can safely say that such a wide range of products is ensured precisely by the properties and, of course, the price of this material.

For comparison, we can say that on average the price of a hot-rolled sheet of 09G2S steel is 43,000 rubles per ton, while a sheet of ordinary steel costs approximately 41,000 - 43,000. But the properties of the material described cover all the costs associated with its acquisition and processing.

How to distinguish steel 3 from 09g2s

High strength steel grades

Steel is one of the most important materials that is used in almost all industries. Depending on the application, high-strength steel has different requirements. Steel grades differ in structure, chemical composition and in their properties (physical and mechanical).

Steel is a deformable alloy of iron with carbohydrate (no more than 2 percent) and admixtures of other elements: manganese, silicon, phosphorus. Special requirements are placed on high-strength fasteners. Therefore, to obtain steel that will ideally meet all characteristics, special impurities are added - alloying elements.

These are chromium, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, manganese or silicon.

Steel 20

Quality carbon structural steel

pipes for superheaters, manifolds and pipelines of high-pressure boilers, sheets for stamped parts, cemented parts for long and very long service at temperatures from -40 to 350 degrees.

STEEL GRADE 3

Regular quality carbon steel. This type of steel is in greatest demand in construction. The reason for this popularity is manufacturability, durability and an attractive price.

Another advantage of this alloy is the ability to make products from it that can withstand heavy loads and have good impact resistance. Steel 3 is produced according to GOST 380-94, according to which steel is marked with the letters “St” with a serial number from 0 to 6.

The higher this number, the greater the amount of carbon contained in the steel. This means better strength, but worse plastic characteristics. Steel 3 welds well, is non-flocene sensitive, and is not prone to temper brittleness.

Steel 3 contains: carbon – 0.14-0.22%, silicon – 0.05-0.17%, manganese – 0.4-0.65%, nickel, copper, chromium – no more than 0.3%, arsenic no more than 0.08%, sulfur and phosphorus - up to 0.05 and 0.04%. The amount of these components in the St3 alloy is not allowed above the specified values. The basis of steel is ferrite.

Its characteristics do not allow it to be used in its pure form. To improve the strength of ferrite, steel is saturated with carbon, chromium, nickel, silicon, manganese are added (alloyed) and additional thermal hardening is carried out.

Steel 3 withstands a wide temperature range under variable loads. It welds well, is stamped in cold and hot conditions, and is drawn. Can be used without heat treatment.

Weldability of steel 3

Without restrictions - welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment. In steel classified as good, the carbon content is less than 0.25%. They are welded without the formation of hardening structures and cracks in a wide range of welding conditions. Application temperature

Steel application temperature 3

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 30. The maximum application temperature is plus 300.

STEEL GRADE 35

High quality medium carbon steel. This type of steel is used for parts that require high ductility and impact resistance.

High-quality carbon steels of type 35 are manufactured according to GOST 1050-88 and are marked with two-digit numbers that indicate the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent. For example, steel 35 (0.35%).

It has high strength (σв = 640...730 MPa, σ0.2 = 380...430 MPa) and relatively low ductility (δ = 9...14%, ψ = 40...50%).

In addition, this type of steel is not susceptible to medium stress, is resistant to deformation and wear, and is not subject to cracking and corrosion. Therefore, steel 35 is used in the production of high-strength fasteners and flange connections. Temperature range: -40 to +450 degrees Celsius

35 steel has limited weldability. Methods of welding RDS, ADS submerged arc and gas shield, ESW. We recommend heating and subsequent heat treatment. CTS without restrictions.

Application

Steel is intended for creating building structures. This is due to high strength and reliability, and the ability to reduce metal consumption for the manufacture of elements. For example, when using a conventional alloy, the thickness of the product is 5 mm, and 09G2S is 2.5-3 mm. However, the cost of materials differs.

Read also: How to make an air compressor from a refrigeration compressor

Steel sheet 09G2S

The technical characteristics of the metal allow it to be used -70/+450 C. Therefore, it is intended for creating various elements and connections, and high weldability makes it possible to create complex units for the machine-building, shipbuilding, and railway industries. Heat-treated steel is used to create pipelines. In the northern regions it is used for hydrocarbon transmission.

The excellent properties of the metal make it possible to produce shaped steel - I-beams, angles, etc. The scope of application of 09G2S steel covers elements used in machine tool building, the transport industry and construction.

It is used to build fences, billboards for advertising, and small architectural forms. It is also in demand when equipping boilers.

Steel provides durability and reliability to elements used in production, transport networks, utilities, as well as in enterprises located in the northern regions. Flanges are a mass product made from steel grade 09G2S, because retain their properties when used in a wide temperature range.

Construction of a warehouse building

The popularity of metal is due to a large number of advantages, including:

• high technology;
• efficiency;
• ease of processing of welded structures;
• light weight;
• strength;
• wear resistance.

Steel 09G2S

Products made from low-alloy structural steel 09G2S are in demand in many industries, which is supported by a wide range of products of this brand. Thanks to its physical properties, 09G2S steel has deservedly taken its position in the markets of modern supply and demand.

The characteristics of 09G2S steel make it possible to use it as the main material in the manufacture of parts that are designed to operate in the temperature range of the working environment from -70 ºС to + 425 ºС, which attracts the attention of even more designers when designing products.

Steel 09G2S

Chemical composition of steel 09G2S

Before moving on to a detailed consideration of the chemical composition, you need to understand what the decoding of 09G2S steel means. The letters “C” and “G” indicate that the alloy contains manganese and silicon. But in what quantity? Let's figure it out.

The first digit at the beginning of the brand name indicates the amount of carbon contained in the alloy and is displayed in hundredths. Accordingly, the percentage of carbon in the 09G2S alloy is approximately 0.09. The following figures show the content of alloying elements: this alloy contains about 2% manganese and less than 1% silicon.

Chemical composition of steel 09G2S

In addition to the main alloying elements, the chemical composition of 09G2S steel contains the following components of the periodic table:

The total amount of alloying components in low-alloy alloys does not exceed 2.5%.

The specific gravity of 09G2S steel is 7850 kg/m3, but it should be noted that the density of steel is not constant and may have a slight spread in values, which are directly dependent on the amount of alloying elements.

But in any case, the relatively low weight of the finished product, in which steel of this grade was used in the manufacture of parts, has a great advantage compared to other heavier alloys.

Physical properties

Structural steel 09G2S has a high ability to maintain its characteristics when operating under pressure over a wide temperature range, is durable, resistant to loads with a variable force vector, and is also subject to heat treatment, which has a significant impact on mechanical properties.

The linear expansion coefficient (LEC), which describes the ability of alloys to maintain their volume with increasing temperature at a constant pressure, changes by only 2.4 × 10-6 units when the temperature changes from 100 ºС to 500 ºС (1.14 × 10-5 at 100 ºС versus 1.38×10-5 at 500 ºС). A visual description of the linear expansion characteristics is given below:

Despite the fact that 09G2S steel is low-alloy, it does not exhibit such a property as flake sensitivity. The low presence of carbon in the alloy provides a satisfactory indicator of the weldability of parts made of steel of this grade.

It should be noted that the high carbon content in alloys when it burns out leads to the appearance of additional micropores, as well as to the formation of a hardening structure, which negatively affects the quality of the weld, but this is not observed in 09G2S steel.

Change in the microstructure of steel 09G2S depending on temperature

Welding of 09G2S steel is not demanding on the type of electrodes and can be carried out using welding methods such as manual arc, electroslag, automatic submerged arc welding and with gas protection.

The 09G2S alloy has no restrictions on the weldability of the material, and rolled sheet parts with a cross-section of up to 40 mm can be welded without preliminary cutting of the edges. Parts prepared for welding do not require additional chemical or heat treatment.

The migration of alloying elements over the entire cross-section of the weld ensures its high strength characteristics and, at the same time, good technical indicators of impact strength.

To reduce the signs of a hardening structure that inevitably forms during welding, the welded product should be subjected to high-temperature tempering with a heating temperature of 600 to 660 ºС.

Cooling of the product should be slow, with the oven, which will help avoid warping of its individual parts.

It is allowed not to carry out heat treatment of parts that have undergone welding and have a cross-sectional thickness of up to 36 mm.

The mechanical properties of steel 09G2S describe the following characteristics for long and shaped rolled products with a cross section of up to 10 mm:

In order to determine the strength class (ST) of the test sample, you should refer to GOST 19281-2014, which shows in detail all the key characteristics that should be relied upon when conducting tests or assessing the finished protocol for the strength category.

It is worth remembering that this mechanical indicator directly depends on the chemical set of the corresponding components, and the presence of a higher percentage of any element can play a key role in the formation of strength indicators when processing this steel.

Mechanical properties of steel 09G2S

Depending on the strength class, such an indicator of mechanical characteristics as hardness also changes. The relationship between these two indicators is direct: the higher the strength category of the material, the higher the hardness value.

Typically, the hardness of low-alloy alloys is measured using the Brinell method, and the hardness indicator is indicated in HBW units, but depending on the requirements for the product and the place of inspection (base material or weld material), the hardness measurement method may change.

In this case, the hardness of the material can be expressed in units on the Rockwell, Vickers, etc. scale.

The steel heat treatment mode is assigned according to critical points:

Depending on the required mechanical properties, the heat treatment mode is assigned. Normalization and hardening of 09G2S steel takes place at high temperature heating from 930 to 950 ºС. The dependence of mechanical properties on the tempering temperature is given below:

As follows from the table, the higher the temperature of the accompanying tempering, the lower the tensile strength of the alloy.

Heat treatment promotes the formation of an alloy with a two-phase structure, the grain dispersion of which determines the main indicators of the mechanical properties of the material.

Download GOST 19281-2014

Alloy Application

The high strength of the material, satisfactory mechanical properties in a wide temperature range, as well as the ability to change the properties of the alloy after heat treatment inevitably leads to the fact that parts and products made from 09G2S steel find their use in almost all areas of production and mechanical engineering. 09G2S steel is used to make building structures, pipes for transporting various liquids (water, oil, etc.) and gases, tanks for various purposes, steam boilers, oilfield equipment and various machine parts, including agricultural ones.

Nuts made of steel 09G2ST. Pipes made of steel 09G2SS. Steel angles made of 09G2S.

A wide selection of different assortments and a variety of thicknesses lead to the fact that an increasing number of manufacturers of various metal products are turning to the use of this alloy.

In mechanized welding and in private use, welding wire grade 09G2S is also used. Such wire may be coated with copper, or may not be coated at all. The big advantage of such wire is the relatively small amount of alloying components.

Steel production 09G2S

The main raw material in the production of 09G2S steel grade is cast iron, which is optimized by increasing the amount of carbon and improving the properties of the alloy through the introduction of alloying components. The production of steel of this grade is based on a number of areas:

• open hearth;
• electrothermal;
• converter

An example of the use of steel 09G2S

Steel 09G2S is an excellent material when designing parts and structures that will operate at low temperatures, while simultaneously maintaining their high strength and ductility characteristics, and low costs during installation work only once again strengthen the position of this brand in the market of modern demand and proposals.

, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter.

Categorization of rolled metal products of low-alloy steels GOST 19281-89

06.01.2021

Category of rolled low-alloy steels GOST 19281-89

When designating grades of low-alloy steels (GOST 19281-89), after the steel grade (with a dash), the rolled metal category is written (example: 09G2S -12 , 09G2S -14 , 09G2S -15 , 10HSND -15 , 15HSND -15 ). The category indicates for which standardized characteristics the rolled metal was tested.

Grade 09g2s – structural steel, low-alloy, carbon. The amount of additives in it does not exceed 2.5%, and the numerical and alphabetic symbols in the name indicate their percentage in the metal.

Decoding the marking according to GOST 5058-65 means that the carbon content in steel is 0.09%, the letter “G” in combination with the number “2” indicates the addition of 2% manganese, and “C” means a one-percent addition of silicon. Analogues of this steel - 09g2, 09g2dt, 09g2t, 10g2s, are also easily deciphered according to GOST.

The main advantage of this brand is its good weldability, which is carried out both with heating and heat treatment, and without heating.

Main characteristics of steel 09g2s

Decoding of the 09G2S brand: The designation 09G2S means that 0.09% carbon is present in the steel, since 09 comes before the letters, followed by the letter “G” which means manganese, and the number 2 means a percentage of up to 2% manganese.

Next comes the letter “C”, which means silicon, but since there is no number after C, this means the silicon content is less than 1%.

Thus, the decoding 09G2S means that we have a steel with 0.09% carbon, up to 2% manganese, and less than 1% silicon, and since the total number of additives fluctuates around 2.5%, this is low-alloy steel. Sulfur and phosphorus, which negatively affect the toughness of steel, are used in the grade in small quantities.

• carbon – up to 1.2%;
• silicon – 0.5-0.8%;
• manganese – 1.3-1.7%;
• nickel – up to 0.3%;
• sulfur – up to 0.04%;
• phosphorus – 0.035%;
• chromium – up to 0.3%;
• nitrogen – up to 0.008%;
• copper – up to 0.3%;
• arsenic – 0.08%.
• iron – 96-97%.

The mechanical properties of 09g2s steel make it possible to use it for various building structures, since it has increased strength even in parts that are not very thick. The range of its temperature use is significant: -70 – +450°C, because it has the stability of its inherent qualities.

The value of the technological properties of grade 09g2 is associated with the presence of:

• high endurance limit, especially after obtaining a two-phase ferrite-martensite structure
• plasticity
• easy weldability without restrictions
• hardenability
• no overheating
• lack of flake sensitivity
• resistance to cracking
• resistance to temper brittleness, etc.

According to GOST 19281-89, a rolled metal category is added to the grade, as well as to other low-alloy steels. For example, 09g2s -12 will mean that a steel sheet made from 09g2s was tested for impact strength at a temperature of -40°C. Accordingly, 09g2s -15 will mean that a steel sheet made from 09g2s was tested for impact strength at a temperature of -70°C

Hot-rolled steel sheet 09G2S is also called low-alloy sheet. This sheet is used for welded, riveted or bolted structures.

Also made from steel 09G2S:

• parts for carriages;
• steam boilers;
• welded transitions, flanges;
• seamless pipes;
• pressure apparatus;
• equipment for the petrochemical industry.

Type of supply: long products, including shaped steel: GOST 19281-73, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 8239-89, GOST 8240-97.

Thick sheet GOST 19282-73, GOST 5520-79, GOST 5521-93, GOST 19903-74.

Thin sheet GOST 17066-94, GOST 19904-90.

Strip GOST 103-2006, GOST 82-70.

Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133-71

Sheet 09G2S is manufactured in thicknesses from 4 to 160 mm according to GOST 19903 assortment and with technical specifications according to:

Sheet 09G2S GOST 5520 is produced in categories 2-18 and 19-22. In this case the sheets:

• categories 2-6, 10-12, 16, 18, 19 and 20 are produced without heat treatment or heat-treated, including rolling heating;
• other categories - with heat treatment (after normalization or hardening and tempering).

Low-alloy sheets according to GOST 19281 are produced according to strength classes. Sheets are made from steel grade 09G2S in strength classes 265, 295, 325 and 345.

Another important fact that relates to labeling is the designation of the material in different industries. For example, in the construction industry, alloy 09G2S is designated as S345.

Quite often in such cases, many questions arise from unknowing people. The thing is that for builders, marking from the point of view of alloying is not important.

They mark such alloys by their yield strength, which in this case is 345.

Rolled steel C345 is produced in categories 1, 2, 3 and 4 depending on the requirements for impact bending tests. Standardized impact strength indicators for rolled products of various categories specified in the order are given in the table

Weldability of steel 09G2S:

Steel 09G2S is resistant to overheating and cracking. It can be welded either after heating or without preheating and any heat treatment.

This was made possible due to the low carbon content. If there is more carbon in the alloy, then microscopic pores will form in the weld.

When working with thick sheets, it is recommended to use multi-layer welding.

Steel 09G2S does not overheat and is not hardened during the welding process. Its plastic properties remain at a high level, and the grain size does not increase. All these characteristics make this alloy ideal for use in welded structures. The welding process can be carried out with or without preheating (up to approximately 100°-120°).

It is this brand that allows you to create the most thin-walled elements, which is excellent for its use in shipbuilding and the construction field. In addition, the material is quite strong and durable, which makes the structure safe.

Rolled sheets made of steel 09G2S. This allows you to create complex structures for the gas, oil and chemical industries. In such areas, steel products from this grade are presented in the form of pipes and pipeline fittings.

Welding methods:

• manual arc (RDS)
• argon-arc (AS) submerged arc and gas protected
• electroslag (ESS)

Mechanical restoration

Steel can be subjected to different types of mechanical processing: turning, shot blasting and milling, cross cutting, drilling, straightening. At the same time, the metal does not lose its positive properties. Mechanical processing can be performed on almost any equipment.

It is worth remembering that this mechanical indicator directly depends on the chemical set of the corresponding components, and the presence of a higher percentage of any element can play a key role in the formation of strength indicators when processing this steel.

Mechanical properties of steel 09G2S

Depending on the strength class, such an indicator of mechanical characteristics as hardness also changes. The relationship between these two indicators is direct: the higher the strength category of the material, the higher the hardness value.

Typically, the hardness of low-alloy alloys is measured using the Brinell method, and the hardness indicator is indicated in HBW units, but depending on the requirements for the product and the place of inspection (base material or weld material), the hardness measurement method may change.

In this case, the hardness of the material can be expressed in units on the Rockwell, Vickers, etc. scale.

Mechanical properties of rolled steel C345

You can get expert advice and find out the final cost of your order by calling 8-812-642-21-37 or e-mail

METAL WORKING CONTACTS METAL PRODUCTS

How to distinguish steel 3 from 09g2s - Metalist's Handbook

Steel 09g2s is a very popular steel, used both in construction and in many industries. There are domestic and foreign analogues of this type. It is most often used for the manufacture of pipes, rolled metal and welded metal structures, the temperature range of which is from -70 to 4250C9 with permissible loads on them).

Steel 09g2s 12: decoding

Understanding how labeling is formed allows you to clearly understand what product the manufacturer represents, as well as its main features. For those who are interested in details about 09g2s, the breakdown of steel is as follows:

• 09 – quantitative fraction of carbon content in the alloy (0.09%);
• G2 is manganese and its part in the entire volume fluctuates around 2% (the exact figure ranges from 1.3 to 2%);
• C - denotes silicon, the absence of numbers after the symbol indicates that it is less than 1%.

Thus, the decoding of 09g2s clearly looks like this:

As can be seen from the table, the interpretation of steel 09g2s is not limited to only three alloying components. In addition to carbon, silicon and manganese, it is supplemented by the following elements: nickel, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, nitrogen, copper, etc. The percentage component of alloying metals is no more than 1-2 total%.

Marking 09g2s on a steel sheet

Also, for steel 09g2s, not only the alloying level is taken into account, but also other factors. Here are just a few of them that are significant for a particular case:

• constructiveness (purpose);
• eutectoid (structure: hexagonal, cubic, etc.; changes after hardening, etc.);
• production method (open hearth, conventional or electric steel);
• chem. steel composition 09g2s (in this case low-alloy).

As a result, analogues appear in relation to which questions like the following are often asked: is 345 steel 09g2s ? The designation C345 was introduced for builders , where the numbers do not indicate the chemical composition of the material, but its important property - the yield strength; for steel 09g2s it corresponds to the construction standards C345, which is reflected in a number of GOSTs (27772-88).

Below, several classic options are considered, including when one grade of steel corresponds to several strength classes.

Technical characteristics: subtleties of using reference manuals

The properties of 09g2s steel are largely determined by the chemical composition of the alloy, its specific parameters, which today are quite accurately calculated by metallurgists.

Steel grade 09g2s has the following critical points :

• Ac1 = 732, when austenite transforms into pearlite during cooling processes;
• Ac3(Acm) = 870 (s – from French chauffage/heating) the end point of cementite dissolution;
• Ar3(Arcm) = 854 (refroidissement – ​​cooling) the beginning of the release of Fe3C;
• Ar1 = 680 hypoeutectoid steel, corresponds to ferrite precipitation

The symbols are classic, numbers 1 and 3 indicate the numbers of points on the graph. The symbols cm usually mark hypereutectoid steels.

If we talk about other features of St 09g2s, the following characteristics are noted: easy weldability of the material . For this purpose, RDS, ADS under flux and gas protection are used. Only products that have undergone chemical-thermal treatment cannot be welded.

The mechanical properties of steel 09g2s are tabular values ​​that were developed by a number of GOST standards and describe the material at room temperature, as well as for its other states.

Among the important mechanical properties of 09g2s steel are the following:

• Yield strength for permanent deformation, measured in MPa;
• Relative values ​​of elongation at break and contraction;
• Impact strength (use under load is one of the main applications);
• Brinell hardness (HB).

Strength class of steel 09g2s: the table for the list of grades includes the one indicated, which, as already noted, corresponds to C345 . This also includes a number of other brands.

Thus, steels that are different in chemical composition and even in the method of producing steel can have the same strength class.

This data can be found for 09g2s according to GOST 19281-2014; the characteristics of the alloys are presented in convenient tables that are easy to navigate. You can view (download) GOST 19281-2014 here .

But the opposite situation is also possible. For example, for 09g2s GOST 19281-89 and grade 16GS there is data on strength classes 265 and 296.

The same GOST describes the types of rolled metal:

• Varietal, round, shaped with various sections (including circle 09g2s).
• Wideband profiles with a certain thickness of products.

Large diameter circles steel 09g2s

Similar information is provided for other brands.

The density of steel 09g2s fluctuates, somewhere around the 7800 kg/m3 mark. But alloying elements can either increase the specific gravity or reduce it. Tungsten tends to be the first. The second is achieved by adding: cobalt, nickel, copper.

The hardness of steel 09g2s can be determined by Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, etc. the choice of system is determined by the type of products for which parameter determination is required. It is also important when choosing a welding method; the hardness of the steel at the weld should remain fairly high.

Most of the listed parameters can be found in TU 14 3 1128 2000 for steel 09g2s, as well as for other grades. The technical specifications describe the requirements for the materials from which pipes are made for servicing gas fields and other areas of the industry.

The permissible stress for steel 09g2s is calculated depending on the following values:

• strength class and grade;
• temperatures at which it will be operated;
• thickness, sometimes configurations (circle, sheet, etc.).

Existing 09g2s analogues are foreign (European, Asian, others), most similar in mechanical and technical properties to the specified brand. However, the chemical composition can vary greatly. The Bulgarian version of this brand has the closest configuration.

Steel 09g2s: characteristics and application

The main areas of use of this brand: sheet and shaped products. For hot-rolled strip, GOST 103-2006 standards are used, but steel circles are in accordance with GOST 2590-2006.

As already noted, steel 09g2s and analogues are easy to weld. The characteristics already listed allow the use of this material for products that require high wear resistance: beams, channels, corners.

Brand 09g2s, its technical characteristics, are necessary in the creation of vehicles, construction, oil and chemical industries.

A wide temperature range allows the material to be used where severe deformations occur over a long service life.

At the same time, the limiting temperature of -70 degrees facilitates the use of products made from St. 09g2s in harsh climatic conditions.

Steel 09g2s is used in the construction of RVS for storing petroleum products in the North

Steel 09g2s-15 also fits this description well. It is used for all of the above points. It only remains to add that in addition to welding, installation can be carried out using bolted connecting elements.

The metal's resistance to chemical influences makes it interesting in the relevant industry. At the same time, high mechanical qualities are used for the construction of bridges, roads, port stations, etc.

The 09g2s-12 brand is also popular among builders. It also has stable plastic properties. It is distinguished by a special chemical composition, which includes arsenic. Used for the manufacture of pipeline fittings. Cannot be used in the food industry.

In the north of Russia, many kilometers of pipelines were built using just this brand. There, more than anywhere else, frost resistance and easy weldability of products are useful. This allows you to create complex, at the same time socially significant objects (metal structures) from 09g2s and analogues.

At the same time, for cities with a temperate or continental climate, steel 09g2s according to GOST standards of various numbers is suitable for beautifying streets. Square pipe is extremely popular as fencing, posts for billboards, installation of mobile trading platforms, and much more. For the same purposes, the rectangular configuration of products is used.

Steel 09g2s, the characteristics of which have already been discussed in some detail in this presentation, is of interest to welders, regardless of the method of performing work. Flanges made of this material are especially popular. Features of the work are described in GOST 19281-73. The craftsmen are quite welcoming to the news about the need to work with this brand.

The boiler tank itself is made of steel 09g2s

Steel 09g2s with different strength classes can be used for the production of steam boilers, as well as equipment used in the agricultural complex. Details about the requirements for steel 09g2s in GOST-5520 79.

An additional reason for using alloys of this brand is high efficiency, achieved not only due to low cost of production. The ease and speed of construction of buildings, structures, installation of equipment also allows you to optimize the costs of enterprises in various industries.

Properties

Welding of steel elements is carried out by any method without preliminary surface preparation. As a result, the efficiency of using welded structures made on the basis of 09G2S structural steel is ensured.

The reason for this is the low amount of carbon in the composition. Based on many years of design experience, experts concluded that an increase in the content of this component leads to a deterioration in the quality of the weld and the formation of defects - porous structure, lack of penetration, hardened areas. After tempering, the alloy does not become brittle, and the structure remains resistant to excessive heating and the appearance of cracks in the heat-affected zone.

Steel is made using:

• open-hearth;
• electrothermal;
• converter method.

The raw material for metal production is cast iron. The properties of the alloy are improved in accordance with technology - the amount of carbon is increased and alloying additives are introduced.

Steel 09g2s - characteristics, application and properties of steel 09g2s

Steel 09g2s is a very popular steel, used both in construction and in many industries. There are domestic and foreign analogues of this type. It is most often used for the manufacture of pipes, rolled metal and welded metal structures, the temperature range of which is from -70 to 4250C9 with permissible loads on them).

Features of electric welding

There are special requirements for working with this material, which are determined by the need to comply with the technological process. The need to maintain the strength of steel at seams has already been noted. However, under normal conditions it is hardly possible to achieve an absolutely positive result.

For example, the condition for preventing overheating is achieved by using low currents of 40-50 A / 1 mm electrode. Welding work is accompanied by subsequent hardening of materials at a temperature of 6500C.

However, based on the critical points of the alloy, you can make your own calculations for carrying out these works. Moreover, the specified hardening T is applied sequentially to every 25 mm of the seam, for about an hour. Cooling is carried out in ordinary water or in air.

Thanks to technology, they achieve quality that is not inferior in properties to even more expensive alloys.

Comparison with another steel grade

For example, for 09g2s and st3 the difference is determined primarily by the carbon content. For St3sp it is 10-20 times higher than what is found in the low-alloy alloy.

St3sp – refers to carbon alloys. This grade of steel is characterized by high brittleness and rapid destruction at low temperatures. If the brand being described has a lower limit of -70 degrees, then the object of comparison is only -20.

The quality of St3sp is ordinary, which indicates a likely high presence of sulfur and phosphorus. Then, like 09g2s is high quality. All other advantages are already in the previous description. It only remains to note that the cost of this brand is significantly higher than the price of St3sp.

about low alloy steels:

Specifications

The main technical characteristics of 09G2S steel include:

impact strength

Comparative analysis of articles

13HFA steel grades

and
09G2S
on top of each other. In a comprehensive study of oil and gas pipelines conducted by A. V. Ioffe and colleagues, the mechanical properties of the steels of the tested pipes are presented.

Table 2 - Mechanical properties

The table shows that 13HFA steel has a significantly higher impact strength at negative temperatures.
The decrease in the relative elongation for 13KhFA in comparison with 09G2S can be explained by an increase in the yield strength and strength for the first steel. The work of S. O. Lapikov presented a study of the possibility of replacing 09G2S steel with 13KhFA as a material for shut-off valves. The results of mechanical tests are given in table. 3. Table 3 - Mechanical properties

The obtained mechanical test data from the table above is of great interest for analysis. With almost identical values ​​of ultimate strength, the value of the yield strength for steel 09G2S

significantly lower than for
13HFA
.
The value of impact strength at -60 °C with a V-shaped concentrator for 13KhFA
is almost twice as large as for
09G2S
, and with a U-shaped concentrator the picture changes to the opposite, although the difference in values ​​is no longer so great. It is worth noting that in a number of studies there is a situation where, at a generally high level of values ​​of the relative narrowing in the neck and relative elongation, the value of impact strength is sharply lower than expected. Such disparate values ​​do not always find an explanation even after studying the microstructure. Impact strength values ​​from table. 3 are of particular interest for additional research and analysis.