The quality of chain sharpening on a chainsaw affects the speed and quality of the cut. There are several ways to sharpen your headset. Using a file and holder (chain sharpener), the cheapest and most practical option, which is available even in places where there is no electricity.
Second, use a special manual sharpening machine, into which a file of the required diameter is installed. And lastly, the most expensive, use an electric chain sharpening machine. The types of machines, their advantages, rules of use, consumables will be discussed in this article.
Types of machines
As mentioned earlier, you can find two types of chain sharpening machines on sale: manual and electric. In turn, electric sharpeners can be automatic or semi-automatic.
A manual machine is a device that is mounted on a chainsaw bar, a kind of bed with a file of the required diameter installed. The bed has several adjustments, thanks to which you can set the sharpening angle.
The manual device allows you to maintain the sharpening angle quite accurately, and the operator has to make reciprocating movements with the file.
An electric sharpener is an emery machine mounted on a special stand, which is used as a guide for the chain. Grinding wheels are installed in the sharpener; their thickness is selected depending on the parameters of the headset that needs to be sharpened.
The bed has several adjustments, thanks to which you can adjust the optimal sharpening angle and depth. The operator has to move the chain and install the backstop on his own.
On sale you can find semi-automatic sharpening machines, in which the chain is moved by a special mechanism during the sharpening process. The operator needs to set the angle and depth correctly. The machine automatically moves the chain along the guide, while simultaneously lowering the sandpaper for sharpening, thus achieving maximum automation of the process.
Not so long ago, manufacturers of saw sets presented customers with another device for automatic chain sharpening. More precisely, it is a set that consists of a special bar, a chain and a sharpening mechanism with replaceable sharpening stones.
Electric semi-automatic
Electrically driven sharpeners are popular due to their high productivity and sharpening quality.
As a rule, such devices are used by specialized service centers that provide paid services for editing and sharpening. With the advent of household models of sharpeners, which are distinguished by reasonable prices, they have become popular among saw owners.
Advantages of an electric sharpener:
- High sharpening speed.
- Possibility of aligning the working tooth (when sharpening by hand, the teeth of the chain are not ground down evenly).
- Ideal sharpening angle and the ability to adjust it.
- Full or partial automation of the process.
- The ability to connect from both a 220 and 12 volt network, thanks to which you can use a car battery as a power source, which is quite convenient.
The disadvantages of an electric machine for sharpening chains include the need to connect to a power source, which is not always possible if it is necessary to sharpen the headset in a plot or during logging.
Using an electric sharpener requires certain skills from the operator. For example, an incorrectly set grinding depth can lead to the working teeth overheating during the sharpening process and then losing their properties. The metal becomes soft, does not hold an edge, and the teeth become dull easily during operation.
Another downside is that during operation, the grinding wheels gradually wear out and need to be replaced, which increases the cost of owning the unit.
To avoid grinding off the wheels, you can use special diamond grinding discs of a suitable size. The service life of such discs is several times greater than the service life of a conventional grinding wheel.
Design and principle of operation
A saw chain sharpening machine consists of several elements. The base is a frame that is used to mount the motor and a vice with guide rails for the chain. The motor is usually asynchronous with high speed and direct transmission. A sharpening disc is installed on the motor shaft and secured with a guide washer and nut.
The place where the engine is attached to the frame is movable, thanks to this scheme it is possible to adjust the position of the engine in space, which is necessary to set the correct sharpening angle.
A vise with a slide is designed to install the chain and hold it. A limit plate with the ability to adjust the depth of cut is attached to the vice. By turning the adjusting screw clockwise, the plate extends and the sharpening depth increases.
The operating principle of the sharpening machine is extremely simple:
- The chain is installed in the guide slide, the stop is lowered and rests against the back of the tooth being sharpened, preventing it from moving.
- After this, the engine with the disk installed on it is lowered. The disc touches the tooth and grinds down its edge.
- Next, the operator moves the chain to the next tooth and installs the stop bar, after which the process is repeated.
In practice, the principle of operation is a little more complicated, because before you start sharpening, you need to set up the machine. Setting instructions can be found in the documents for the sharpening device.
You can learn more about the operating principle of a semi-automatic chain sharpening machine by watching a video demonstrating operation of the VIHR SZTs-200 machine.
Automatic
An automatic chain sharpening machine is quite expensive. For this reason, they are used mainly by large service centers or enterprises specializing in industrial logging, which have a large number of chain saws in service.
Already from the name of the machine it becomes clear that it works without the help of an operator, that is, it independently feeds the chain and sharpens the tooth edge.
There is no point in dwelling in more detail on the technical characteristics and operating principle of such a machine, since depending on the model, the operating principle may vary. For clarity, we invite you to watch a video review of an automatic sharpening machine.
Advantages of manual
In those places where there is no electricity, and therefore there is no possibility of sharpening the chain using an electric machine, it is advisable to use a manual machine for straightening chains.
It also has its advantages:
- Low cost compared to electric models.
- Versatility (a file of any diameter can be installed in the device).
- Dimensions and weight (the machine is small, there are no problems during its transportation).
- Fully autonomous, it does not require a power source to operate, it is completely mechanical.
- There is no risk of metal overheating when sharpening.
- The ability to edit the chain with minimal grinding of the tooth edge, which significantly increases its resource.
The main negative point when using a manual machine is that the sharpening angle is not maintained ideally.
When using a manual machine, as in the case of a file and holder, the operator needs to count the number of working passes of the file. This is necessary for uniform grinding. Otherwise, the teeth will have different sizes and the cutting quality of such a chain will decrease.
Which is better to choose, manual or automatic?
Owners of chain saws often ask the question of which machine to choose, manual or automatic. It is impossible to answer this unequivocally, because they are completely different, although they are intended to perform the same task.
Alternatively, you can have both machines. Install the electric one permanently in the garage and use it to sharpen chains with serious damage to the cutting edge, for example, those that occur when the chain hits a nail. The manual machine can be taken into the plot, which will make it possible to correct the chain in the field.
How to choose the right one
Choosing an electric machine for sharpening chains must begin with getting to know this tool and studying the rating of the machines. You need to have an idea of how it works. It is also necessary to determine in advance the planned scope of work. If you plan to use the machine from time to time, then household electric models are suitable; for frequent use, automatic professional models are suitable.
To sharpen a chain once a month or less, the best option is a manual sharpening machine or just a file with a holder.
When choosing a specific model of an electric sharpening machine, you need to check it for play in the places where the motor and guide are mounted. If there is even a slight play, this indicates that the machine is not of high quality. Such a tool is not able to perfectly maintain the sharpening angle of the chain. The video below talks about how to independently eliminate excess play on a chain sharpener.
Another point that you should pay attention to when choosing a machine is the supply voltage. As mentioned earlier, some machines can operate on both 220 and 12 volts. Machines with this feature are a little more expensive, and if this function is not needed, then you can refuse it by choosing a tool that only works on 220 volts.
An electric chain sharpener is a high-risk tool that can injure the operator if used incorrectly. For this reason, when choosing a specific machine model, you need to make sure that it has a transparent protective cover over the disc, which will protect the operator in the event of destruction of the sharpening stone.
Also, some models have an automatic shut-off function that works in certain situations.
Design and main characteristics of the product
Any device must have a base on which a clamping vice is located; in these places the chain is located and secured. There is a special tool on the working surface, through which the material is sharpened. At the same time, it is adapted taking into account the height of each specific tooth.
Saw sharpening device
The device contains a round and flat file, a template for calibration, and a hook for removing sawdust. The first type of file is used for the inner surface of the tooth.
This machine has the following main parameters:
- Power – the optimal indicator is 220 W. You should not pay attention to lower power.
- Dimensions of the working circle - the diameter of the tool ranges from 105–400 mm. It all depends on the material being processed.
- Large circles are installed on industrial devices.
- Additional properties - if the device provides rotation of the grinding head. In this case, sharpening is done with better quality.
- Spindle rotation speed – you need to consider where exactly the machine will be used.
If you choose it for a home workshop, then a device that provides 3 thousand revolutions per minute is enough. This is not enough for industry. In this case, you will need devices with a speed of 4.8 thousand revolutions.
Such equipment is not needed in every household, but if it is required, then it is important to choose the right machine. It all depends on the needs of production or individual farming.
Consumables
In electric sharpeners, special wheels are used to sharpen chains, which are gradually ground down.
Instructions for replacing the wheel are in the user manual, but we’ll talk about the characteristics that need to be taken into account when buying a new one.
The characteristics of the grinding wheel are as follows:
- grain size (the number of grains per square centimeter, the fewer grains, the smoother the sharpening);
- outside diameter;
- bore diameter;
- thickness.
Important: when purchasing a new wheel for a sharpening machine, you must make sure that the diameter of the mounting hole and the maximum diameter of the wheel correspond to the same parameters of the machine, otherwise the wheel will not fit.
The diameter of the mounting hole of the circle must exactly match the mounting sleeve of the machine; the outer diameter can be chosen a little smaller, this is not critical.
The choice of grinding wheel thickness depends on the size of the chain that you plan to sharpen. Circles with a thickness of 3.2 and 4.5 mm are mainly used.
A consumable material for manual machines is a file.
On our website you can find an article that describes in detail how to choose a file for sharpening a chain; you need to select a file for a manual machine in the same way.
Popular models of equipment for sharpening saw chains
On the woodworking equipment market in the professional tool category, the most popular models are Oregon 519789 (USA) and Stihl USG (Germany) .
Model "Oregon 519789"
In the group of machines for household use, the most popular models are “REZER EG85” (China) , “SADKO SCS 85Pro” (Slovenia) and “CHAMPION C2000” (China) .
"Oregon 519789"
The professional sharpening machine has a modern design and allows you to perform large volumes of work with high productivity in a workshop or workshop. Using it, you can sharpen chains for any type of chainsaw, with a thickness of 1.1 - 3.1 mm, in increments of 1/4″ - 3/4″ and at three cutting angles. The machine is equipped with a self-centering mechanism, as well as illumination of the sharpening area.
Main technical characteristics of "Oregon 519789":
- supply voltage - 220V/50Hz;
- electrical power – 0.214 kW;
- disk dimensions - 145x22.3 mm;
- sharpening disc thickness - 3.2/4.7/6.0 mm;
- weight – 6.0 kg.
Model "Stihl Hos"
"Stihl USG"
Professional machine for universal use. Using it you can sharpen saw chains and discs for brush cutters and other cutting equipment. The presence of a rotary support expands the functionality and ease of use of the machine.
Main technical characteristics of "Stihl USG":
- supply voltage - 220V/50Hz;
- electrical power – 0.18 kW;
- disk dimensions – 140×22.3 mm;
- weight – 8.8 kg.
"Rezer EG85"
The machine is intended for domestic use and is distinguished by high quality sharpening. The model is equipped with a protective screen and casing that protect the user and the electric motor, respectively.
Model "REZER EG85"
Main technical characteristics:
- supply voltage - 220V/50Hz;
- electrical power –0.085 kW;
- disk dimensions – 108×22.2 mm;
- weight – 3.1 kg.
Review of the REZER EG85 model:
More details on Otzovik: https://otzovik.com/review_3506999.html
Another review about the model:
More details on Otzovik: https://otzovik.com/review_4394040.html
"Sadko SCS 85Pro"
The machine can be used for both domestic and professional use, the reason for this is the distinctive features of this model, which include: significant power and high productivity, accuracy of operations and ease of use. Main technical characteristics:
- supply voltage - 220V/50Hz;
- electrical power –0.085 kW;
- disk dimensions – 104×22.0 mm;
- weight – 2.5 kg.
Model "SADKO SCS 85 Pro"
"Champion C2000"
The machine for home use is compact in size and easy to use, which is ensured by the presence of a rotating work table. A durable casing is provided to protect the user. Main technical characteristics:
- supply voltage - 220V/50Hz;
- electrical power – 0.085 kW;
- disk dimensions – 105×23.0 mm;
- weight – 2.0 kg.
Model "Champion C2000"
Review of popular sharpeners
There are a large number of chain sharpening machines on sale, which, in fact, differ only in name and manufacturer. From a technical point of view, most of the machines that can be found on sale are practically no different. This applies only to household models, in the price category up to 4000-5000 rubles.
Kraton CSS-180
Main characteristics of the machine:
- power 180 watts;
- rotation angle of the chain guide, 35 degrees to the left and right;
- operating voltage 220 volts;
- disc mounting hole diameter 10 mm;
- maximum circle diameter 100 mm;
- rotation speed 3000 rpm.
The machine is equipped with a transparent plastic protection. The base is stable, cast from aluminum alloy.
It is characterized by small dimensions and weight. Assembled in Russia, but parts are supplied from China. This model is classified as a household model, which means it is not intended to perform large volumes of work. The cost is within 3000 rubles. Similar machines can be found under the brands Caliber, Vikhr, Rezer, Oregon.
ANAB X1
The professional automatic device ANAB X1 has the following characteristics:
- sharpening motor power 0.3 kW;
- pneumatic 6 bar;
- power supply 220 volts;
- sharpening angle 35 degrees;
- rotation angle 28 degrees;
- pitch of sharpened chains 1/4″, 325″, 3/8″, 404″.
Below you can watch a video of how the ANAB X1 machine works.
Shape of chain teeth
The working links of any chainsaw have several elements:
- base;
- depth stop;
- spatula
The tooth blade is equipped with two working edges: the upper horizontal one and the end one, which is located vertically. The best cutting results are possible at certain cutting edge edit angles. The angle of the upper cutting edge is created by the back of the tooth - this is where the chainsaw cuts into the tree. A blade whose width decreases backwards creates a cutting edge angle at the end that cuts the chips on the sides.
The sliding plane created by the edge of the end cutting edge should be located at an angle of 65 - 85 degrees. The tilt back should be between 55 and 60 degrees. The main working edge is the upper one, here the upper corner plays the main role. The optimal shape of the upper corner is formed by a combination of all the above parameters.
The higher the sharpening angle, the easier it is to saw soft wood. When working with frozen or dense lumber, a smaller angle is preferable, which makes the chain movements softer and reduces runout.
Sharpening in any case is carried out within 25 - 35 degrees. Only for longitudinal sawing, the teeth are sharpened to 10 degrees.
How to sharpen a chainsaw chain with a machine
The algorithm for working on an electric sharpener is as follows:
- the chain is removed from the chainsaw and washed in clean gasoline (necessary to remove grease from the surface of the chain);
- installed in the guide;
- the sharpening angle is adjusted (for semi-automatic models, the angle is adjusted first for one side of the chain, then for the other);
- using the backstop, the sharpening depth is adjusted (the adjustment is made according to the most damaged tooth);
- the engine is turned on and the first tooth is edited;
- The chain moves clockwise, the limiter is installed on the reverse side.
It is quite difficult to explain in words how to sharpen a chain correctly, so we suggest watching the video instructions.
Detailed instructions on how to sharpen a chainsaw chain with a machine can be found in the user manual that comes with each sharpening machine.
Features of choice
If a chainsaw chain fails, repairing it will be expensive. But sharpening it is often done at home. But first you need to choose the right equipment.
To do this, craftsmen take into account several parameters.
Productivity – I don’t need a powerful device to work at home. Sometimes experts use a handmade product. For industry, a more powerful option is suitable.
Dimensions – stationary devices used for chainsaw chains can be large in size; they are designed for a large number of products. You don't need such equipment for your home. In this case, the question arises where it will be stored, whether the owner has a separate room for working with wood.
Number of products processed - if the machine is not purchased for work in production, then a device that processes 1 chain at a time is sufficient.
It is additionally necessary to know what kind of chainsaw was purchased, this applies to the manufacturer. Popular manufacturers are:
- Stihl;
- Stern;
- Caliber.
First you need to look for reviews about the equipment.
How to make a machine for sharpening a chainsaw chain with your own hands?
Some craftsmen make homemade machines for sharpening chainsaw chains. This is also a way out of a situation when you need to sharpen a chain, but there is nothing to do it with. But before you start making a machine, we recommend that you think about how much time and effort you will have to spend. It is much easier to buy a household model of a sharpener and install it in your garage, or use a manual sharpener for editing.
For those who have decided to make a machine for sharpening saw chains with their own hands, we recommend watching the video.
In conclusion of the article, I would like to note that the use of any sharpening devices is not at all necessary. If you have enough experience, you can straighten the headset using a round file of a suitable diameter. Of course, it is more convenient to use a sharpener and for those who sharpen chains it is often necessary, but if you sharpen it two or three times a year, then buying a machine is not advisable, because in this case it is more profitable to correct the chain in a service center.
Rules for sharpening teeth
- The indicators of the sharpness of the angle of the working link and the height of the limiter must coincide with those indicated in the passport;
- The dimensions of the teeth must be the same;
- The teeth are sharpened with a round file of small diameter, since the chain is made of relatively soft material, and the shape of the inner surface of the chain teeth is round;
- During operation, the file is set at an angle of 90 degrees vertically and 10 (30) degrees horizontally. It takes a lot of time and skill to properly sharpen a chain with one file. Therefore, special machines and devices are usually used for this.
When a chainsaw is used occasionally, a sharpener set will be sufficient: two thin round files, a flat one, a clamp (vice) and a template.
